2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake explained

Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake
Timestamp:2008-06-13 23:43:45
Anss-Url:usp000g9h6
Isc-Event:13377361
Local-Time:08:43 JST
Map:USGS ShakeMap 2008tfdp.jpg
Magnitude:7.2
6.9
Depth:100NaN0
80NaN0
Aftershocks:483 felt aftershocks by 1 July (JMA)
Largest: 5.7 on 14 June (9:20 JST)
Location:39.0283°N 192.8°W
Type:Reverse – Intraplate
Casualties:12 dead, 436 injured (1 July 2007 at 17:00 JST)
Native Name:岩手・宮城内陸地震
Native Name Lang:ja
Affected:Iwate Prefecture, Tōhoku region, Japan
Pga:4.36 g (vector sum)
4278 Gal

On 14 June, the 2008 Iwate earthquake struck the Tōhoku region of northeastern Honshū in Japan.[1] Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) officially named this earthquake the .[2] This earthquake occurred in the south of the inland of Iwate Prefecture at 8:43 JST on June 14 (23:43 UTC on June 13).[3] The JMA magnitude was estimated at 7.2,[3] and the moment magnitude by USGS was at 6.9.[4] The epicenter was located at 39.0283°N 192.8°W,[3] about 85 kilometres (55 mi) north of Sendai and about 385 kilometres (240 mi) north-northeast of Tokyo.[5]

The strongest shaking was measured in the cities of Ōshū (Iwate) and Kurihara (Miyagi), both of which were measured as "strong 6" on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale, .[1] Peak ground acceleration readings were high, with a maximum vector sum (3 component) value of 4,278 cm/s2 (4.36g).[6]

Intensity

represents the strength of ground motion. JMA uses the scales of 0 to 7: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, weak/strong 5, weak/strong 6, 7.

PrefectureSeismic intensities
Iwate6+6-5+5-432
Miyagi6+6-5+5-43
Akita5+5-432
Yamagata5-432
Fukushima5-4321
Aomori4321
Ibaraki432
Tochigi4321
Niigata4321
Hokkaidō321
Gunma321
Saitama321
Chiba321
Tokyo321
Kanagawa321
Yamanashi321
Ishikawa21
Nagano21
Shizuoka21
Aichi1
Tremors were felt across a large area.[1]
IntensityPrefectureLocation[7]
6+IwateŌshū
MiyagiKurihara
6-Miyagi
5+AkitaYuzawa, Higashinaruse
IwateKitakami, Ichinoseki, Kanegasaki, Hiraizumi
MiyagiKami, Wakuya, Tome, Misato, Natori, Sendai (Miyagino, Wakabayashi), Rifu
5-AkitaYokote, Ugo, Misato, Daisen
Iwate
MiyagiShikama, Kakuda, Iwanuma, Zao, Ogawara, Kawasaki, Sendai (Aoba, Izumi), Ishinomaki, Ohira
YamagataMogami
FukushimaShinchi

Tectonics

According to the United States Geological Survey:[4]

The Mw 6.8 Honshu earthquake of June 13th 2008 occurred in a region of convergence between the Pacific Plate and the Okhotsk section of the North American Plate in northern Japan, where the Pacific plate is moving west-northwest with respect to North America at a rate of approximately 8.3 cm/yr. The hypocenter of the earthquake indicates shallow thrusting motion in the upper (Okhotsk) plate, above the subducting Pacific plate, which lies at approximately 80 km depth at this location.

The earthquake occurred in a region of upper-plate contraction, probably within the complicated tectonics of the Ou Backbone Range, known to have hosted several large earthquakes in historic times. The largest of these events occurred in 1896, approximately 70km north of the June 13th event, and killed over 200 people in the local area.

Aftershocks

According to JMA:[8] [9] [10]

Aftershocks of this earthquake were stronger than the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, but they happened much less frequently.

Over 200 aftershocks were observed in the first 24 hours, with about 400 in total over the first seven days. The largest ones (with Mj5.0 or greater) were

June 14, 9:20: Mj5.7: Max. seismic intensity reached Strong 5;

June 14, 12:27: Mj5.2: Max. seismic intensity reached 4;

June 16, 23:14: Mj5.3: Max. seismic intensity reached 4.From June 21 to July 1, four to 12 aftershocks were observed each day, with maximum seismic intensities of 3.

Effects

Landslides

Landslides triggered by this earthquake crushed structures, buried people, cut off access to certain roads, and isolated some rural communities.[11] Mud from landslides dammed up rivers to form lakes called .[12]

By June 19, the Ministry of Land had identified fifteen quake lakes in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures,[13] and work crews began draining three of them which were at high risk of overflow or breach from rain or aftershocks.[14] [15]

Human casualties

By 17:50 JST, June 25, twelve people were confirmed dead and 358 injured, and ten still missing.[16]

Electric power supply

No nuclear power plants were shut down following this earthquake[27] unlike the 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake quake. Some water was found to have splashed out of a reaction container in the Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant possibly due to the tremor, but no radioactive material was released to the environment.[27] [28]

Expressways and railways

Expressways in Tōhoku region were closed in several sections, but all reopened by nighttime, barring traffic restrictions in one section for repair work.[29]

Some train services by JR East were suspended on Shinkansen and local lines, and resumed on the following day from the first scheduled trains.[30]

On Tōhoku Shinkansen, all running trains, about 20, were stopped by an earthquake detection system. Most were soon moved to the nearest stations.[31] However, about 2,000 passengers were temporarily trapped inside three trains[32] before being evacuated[31] up to nine and a half hours later,[33] because the trains were forced to stay in place while equipment inspections were carried out.[31]

Suspensions on Tōhoku, Akita, Yamagata Shinkansen and delays on Jōetsu, Nagano Shinkansen reportedly involved 117,000 passengers.[33] No trains derailed.[32]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Result of searching the database of felt earthquakes run by . https://web.archive.org/web/20110322185223/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html . 2011-03-22 . dead . Japan Meteorological Agency . ja.
  2. News: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/14b/200806141110.html . ja:2008年6月14日08時43分ころの岩手県内陸南部の地震について（第2報） . 2008-06-14 . 2008-06-14 . Japan Meteorological Agency . ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20110322185223/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html . 2011-03-22 . live .
  3. News: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/14d/h20iwate-miyagi-4.html . ja:「平成20年（2008年）岩手・宮城内陸地震」について（第４報） . 2008-06-14 . 2008-06-18 . Japan Meteorological Agency] . ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20110322185223/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html . 2011-03-22 . live .
  4. News: Magnitude 6.9 - EASTERN HONSHU, JAPAN. 2008-06-14. U.S. Geological Survey . https://web.archive.org/web/20080922141641/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008tfdp/. 22 September 2008. dead. dmy-all . 2008-06-18 . en.
  5. Web site: Calculation tool . ja: 距離と方位角の計算 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080518020224/http://vldb.gsi.go.jp/sokuchi/surveycalc/bl2stf.html . May 18, 2008 . Geographical Survey Institute . 2008-06-18 . ja.
  6. Web site: Spatially Dense Velocity Structure Exploration in the Source Region of the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake. Masumi Yamada. Seismological Research Letters . 81 . 4. Seismological Society of America. July–August 2010. 597–604. 21 March 2011. etal.
  7. Web site: 震度データベース検索. 2021-07-05. www.data.jma.go.jp.
  8. News: 「平成20年（2008年）岩手・宮城内陸地震」の余震回数. 2008-07-02. Japan Meteorological Agency]. 2 July 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080909214416/http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/2008_06_14_iwate-miyagi/yukan.pdf. 9 September 2008. dead. dmy-all . ja. As of 2008-07-02 (5:00 JST).
  9. News: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/23a/kaisetsu200806231030.pdf. ja:「平成20 年（2008 年）岩手・宮城内陸地震」について（第８報）. 2008-06-23. 2008-07-01. Japan Meteorological Agency. ja. www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html .
  10. News: http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/press/0806/26a/kaisetsu200806261030.pdf. ja:「平成20 年（2008 年）岩手・宮城内陸地震」について（第９報）. 2008-06-26. 2008-07-01. Japan Meteorological Agency]. ja.
  11. News: 岩手・宮城内陸地震：６人死亡、１５５人負傷 不明１１人. 2008-06-14. The Mainichi Newspapers. 20 June 2008 . Last updated on 2008-06-15 (9:55 JST).
  12. News: Rush to drain 'quake lakes' in Tohoku. https://archive.today/20130218171356/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/national/archive/news/2008/06/17/20080617p2a00m0na018000c.html. dead. 2013-02-18. 2008-06-17. 2008-06-19. Mainichi Daily News.
  13. News: http://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/river03_hh_000052.html. ja:平成２０年岩手・宮城内陸地震により発生した河道閉塞（天然ダム）箇所について. 2008-06-19. 2008-06-19. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080628184016/http://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/river03_hh_000052.html. 28 June 2008 . live.
  14. (This article will remain less than a month.) News: Water being pumped out of quake lakes. 2008-06-19. 2008-06-19. NHK. https://web.archive.org/web/20110322041229/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/19_18.html. 2011-03-22. dead.
  15. News: http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/t10015356561000.html. ja:宮城 せき止め湖仮排水路工事. 2008-06-19. 2008-06-19. NHK. ja.
  16. News: 平成２０年（２００８年）岩手・宮城内陸地震（第５１報）. 2008-06-25. Fire and Disaster Management Agency. 25 June 2008 . As of 2008-06-25 (17:50 JST).
  17. News: http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20080614-2892868/news/20080614-OYT1T00690.htm. https://archive.today/20080618180252/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20080614-2892868/news/20080614-OYT1T00690.htm. dead. 2008-06-18. ja:秘湯の宿、瓦礫からうめき声…「駒ノ湯温泉」捜索難航. 2008-06-15. 2008-06-21. The Yomiuri Shimbun. ja .
  18. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806150185.html. ja:鉄道愛し、地域に尽くした 駒の湯温泉宿泊者. 2008-06-15. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080618114712/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806150185.html. 18 June 2008 . live.
  19. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806160227.html. ja:男性遺体は経営者の長男 駒の湯温泉. 2008-06-17. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080620015430/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806160227.html. 20 June 2008 . live.
  20. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806180266.html. ja:旅館手伝い女性の遺体を発見 駒の湯温泉で捜索隊. 2008-06-18. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080618210543/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806180266.html. 18 June 2008 . live.
  21. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806140106.html. ja:岩手・宮城地震 死者６人、行方不明１１人に. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080617103944/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806140106.html. 17 June 2008 . live.
  22. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806140259.html. ja:作業員３人生き埋め ２人の死亡確認 栗原市花山. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080617114701/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806140259.html. 17 June 2008 . live.
  23. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806200253.html. ja:１遺体発見 死者１２人・不明１０人に 岩手・宮城地震. 2008-06-21. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080804074847/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806200253.html. 4 August 2008 . live.
  24. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806150186.html. ja:対面の親族「実感ない」 湯浜温泉近くで死亡の男性. 2008-06-15. 2008-06-21. The Asahi Shimbun Company. ja. https://web.archive.org/web/20080618102457/http://www.asahi.com/special/08006/TKY200806150186.html. 18 June 2008 . live.
  25. News: Japanese quake leaves at least six dead. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-19. United Press International, Inc..
  26. News: 岩手・宮城内陸地震：バスが沢に転落、１人重体 奥州市. 2008-06-14. The Mainichi Newspapers. 20 June 2008 . Last updated on 2008-06-14 (21:04 JST).
  27. News: 平成２０年岩手・宮城内陸地震被害情報（第８報）（６月１４日１７時００現在） . 2008-06-14 . Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry . 20 June 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080624201900/http://www.meti.go.jp/press/20080614008/8ho.pdf . 24 June 2008 . live . ja. As of 2008-06-14 (17:00 JST).
  28. News: http://mainichi.jp/select/jiken/20080614/archive/news/2008/06/15/20080615ddm002040076000c.html. ja:岩手・宮城内陸地震：原発で水漏れ 外部に影響なし. 2008-06-15. 2008-06-20. The Mainichi Newspapers. ja.
  29. News: http://www.e-nexco.co.jp/pressroom/press_release/tohoku/h20/0614/. ja:平成20年 岩手・宮城内陸地震で発生した高速道路の被害状況等について（第8報 最終）. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-18. East Nippon Expressway Company Limited. ja.
  30. News: 岩手・宮城地震：１５日始発からすべて運行…ＪＲ東日本. 2008-06-15. The Mainichi Newspapers. 18 June 2008 . Last updated on 2008-06-15 (21:05 JST).
  31. News: http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/disaster/080614/dst0806141931068-n1.htm . ja:【岩手・宮城内陸地震】「脱線せず」はＪＲの対策が奏功か 震源からの距離も影響？. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-18. The Sankei Shimbun. ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20080619054231/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/disaster/080614/dst0806141931068-n1.htm . 2008-06-19.
  32. News: 2,000 passengers trapped in bullet trains, 20,000 households lose power after quake. https://archive.today/20130218204540/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/national/archive/news/2008/06/14/20080614p2a00m0na015000c.html. dead. 2013-02-18. 2008-06-14. 2008-06-18. Mainichi Daily News.
  33. News: 岩手・宮城内陸地震：新幹線に９時間半閉じ込め 道路寸断. 2008-06-14. The Mainichi Newspapers. 18 June 2008 . Last updated on 2008-06-15 (0:27 JST).

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