2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee explained

Election Name:2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Country:Tennessee
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2000 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Previous Year:2000
Next Election:2012 United States Senate election in Tennessee
Next Year:2012
Election Date:November 7, 2006
Image1:File:Bobcorker (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Bob Corker
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:929,911
Percentage1:50.71%
Nominee2:Harold Ford Jr.
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:879,976
Percentage2:47.99%
Map Size:300px
U.S. Senator
Before Election:Bill Frist
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Bob Corker
After Party:Republican Party (United States)
Turnout:49.97% [1] 13.06 pp

The 2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Senator Bill Frist, the Majority Leader, retired after two terms in office. The open seat was won by Republican nominee Bob Corker, who defeated Democratic nominee Harold Ford Jr.

The race between Ford and Corker was one of the most competitive Senate races of 2006, with Corker winning the race by less than three percent of the vote. Corker was the only non-incumbent Republican to win a U.S. Senate seat in 2006. Since 1995, the Republican Party has held both of Tennessee's U.S. Senate seats.

Since this election (along with the gubernatorial election held the same day), only seven of the state's 95 counties–Davidson, Shelby, Haywood, Hardeman, Houston, Jackson, and Lake–have gone to the Democratic candidate in a statewide election, with Jackson and Lake only going Democratic once. Only five counties have voted for a Democratic candidate in a Presidential, Senate, or gubernatorial race multiple times since 2006. Only three–Davidson, Shelby, and Haywood–have voted Democratic in a Senate race since 2006.

The election marks the last very competitive statewide election in Tennessee history, as the Republican Party has gained intense strength in both Tennessee and predominantly white, rural Southeast regions that were usually Democratic-leaning outside of presidential elections.

Republican primary

Candidates

Campaign

Only 11 percent of Tennesseans knew who Corker was when he began running for the Senate race.[2] All three have run statewide campaigns in the past, albeit unsuccessful ones: Bryant for the 2002 Republican Senate nomination, losing to Lamar Alexander; Corker for the U.S. Senate in 1994, losing to Frist in the Republican primary; and Hilleary for Tennessee Governor in 2002, losing to Democrat Phil Bredesen.

Debates

The three Republican candidates met for a debate at the University of Tennessee campus in Knoxville on June 29, 2006. All three candidates expressed skepticism regarding global warming and recent publication of scientific consensus on the issue, supported continued American involvement in Iraq, opposed income tax increases, and "showed varying degrees of interest in replacing the federal income tax with a national sales tax," prompting Corker to state in his closing statement "[t]here's not any difference, that I can tell, on the issues."[3]

Polling

SourceDateHillearyBryantCorkerOtherUndecided
City Paper/Supertalk 99.7 WTN[4] May 9, 200634%23%19%—24%
SurveyUSA[5] May 16, 200640%28%23%—9%
SurveyUSA[6] May 23, 200628%23%38%—8%
University of Tennessee[7] July 20, 200615%26%37%4%17%
Mason-Dixon/Chattanooga Times Free Press[8] July 23, 200622%23%39%—16%
SurveyUSA[9] July 24, 200615%29%49%3%4%
SurveyUSA[10] August 2, 200620%31%45%1%3%

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Campaign

Harold Ford was a Congressman from the 9th Congressional District, based in Memphis, and he was a member of a political family, with many relatives also serving or formerly in political office. He was known nationally for his keynote address at the 2000 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, and for a challenge to Nancy Pelosi for leadership of the House Democrats in 2002.[11] [12] He had also served as a national campaign co-chair for the John Kerry presidential campaign in 2004.[13]

Ford filed paperwork to run for the U.S. Senate in May 2005.[14]

Democratic State Senator Rosalind Kurita, from the 22nd District, centered on Clarksville, Tennessee had entered the race prior to Ford,[15] and initially appeared to be competitive, releasing internal polls showing her as strong as Ford in the general election.[16] But she dropped out of the race in early April 2006, as a result of financial and organizational challenges.[17] [18]

Ford enjoyed substantial support from Democratic leaders in Washington and Nashville and held a substantial lead in fundraising.

Results

General election

Candidates

Major

Minor

Campaign

Not long after Corker's primary victory was assured, Ford, at a rally of his supporters attended by Bill Clinton, challenged Corker to seven televised debates across the state. In response, Corker said he will debate Ford but did not agree to Ford's request of seven debates.[23] Both of Corker's primary opponents endorsed Corker immediately after they conceded the race.

On August 8, 2006, the Tennessee Democratic Party filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission against Corker for allegedly violating campaign financial disclosure rules.[24]

On August 25, the Chattanooga Times Free Press reported that Corker had received a subpoena regarding an environmental lawsuit filed three years ago. The lawsuit centers on the actions Corker took as mayor to allegedly demolish a conservation site to build a road that leads to a Wal-Mart SuperCenter. Corker was scheduled to testify on October 18,[25] but the case was settled on October 13.[26]

Ford, a member of the Blue Dog Coalition in Congress, sought to run as a centrist, recognizing that Tennessee was a conservative state. While he was a member of a political dynasty in Memphis, this also served as a liability, as his state senator uncle was indicted on federal corruption charges the day after he announced his Senate candidacy.[27]

On October 1, Corker replaced his campaign manager.[28]

As the campaign entered October, Ford was leading in some polls.[29] Despite running a strong campaign, he was hampered by his family's legal issues and the fact that his base was in West Tennessee, as opposed to Corker's base in East Tennessee.[30]

Before a Corker press conference in Memphis on October 20, Ford approached Corker in a parking lot and confronted his opponent about Iraq in front of local news cameras, pointing out that some of Corker's fellow Republicans are changing their minds on the war and wanting to debate him about the issue. In response, Corker said, "I came to talk about ethics, and I have a press conference. And I think it's a true sign of desperation that you would pull your bus up when I'm having a press conference." Ford replied that he could never find Corker. Corker then walked away to his press conference.[31]

On November 2, Nielsen Monitor Plus indicated that the Corker campaign had purchased more television advertising than any other Senate candidate in the country through October 15.[32]

Debates

3 debates were held between Corker and Ford. They participated in a televised debate in Memphis on October 7, in Chattanooga on October 10, and in Nashville on October 28.[33]

In the October 7, 2006 debate in Memphis, the candidates covered a wide range of issues, including immigration, Iraq, cutting health care costs, abortion, and Social Security.[34] Commenting on Ford's political family, Corker said, "I think it's evident there's been a Ford in this (9th District congressional district) seat for 32 years, and if you look at the number of Fords that are on the ballot—especially I think the most recent one, I know it concerns a lot of people right here in Memphis." Ford responded, "I don't know why Mr. Corker keeps bringing up my family. . . . It's you and I running for the Senate. It's our ideas, our plans to make the future better for everybody. Let's stick to you and I. And if you come up with a recipe to pick family, say it. Otherwise be quiet and let's run for the Senate."

The October 10 Chattanooga debate covered many of the same issues, with Corker again attempting to make Ford's family an issue and Ford claiming that Corker would be merely a "rubber stamp" for the Bush administration and Republican Party in the Senate.[35]

The final debate took place on October 28, in Nashville and mostly covered the economy.

Controversial advertisement

A negative ad titled "Who Hasn't?" sponsored by the Republican National Committee ("RNC") that aired during the third and fourth weeks of October gained national attention and was condemned by both Ford and Corker. The ad ridiculed Ford through interviews of fictional citizens giving deadpan endorsements that satirized Ford's policies and reputation, such as "terrorists need their privacy" and "taxes after I'm dead". The last of these is a scantily clad white woman (Johanna Goldsmith) acting as a Playboy bunny who "met Harold at the Playboy party", who invites Ford to "call me".[36] [37]

Responding to questions about the ad, a Ford spokesperson said that Ford went to a 2005 Playboy-sponsored Super Bowl party that was attended by more than 3,000 people,[38] and Ford himself said that he likes "football and girls" and makes no apology for either.[39]

The NAACP described the ad as "a powerful innuendo that plays to pre-existing prejudices about African-American men and white women", and a former Republican Senator called it "a very serious appeal to a racist sentiment.[40] Corker condemned the RNC ad, calling it "tacky" and stating that his campaign has asked to have it pulled. The RNC, however, continued to endorse the ad, said it had no plans to stop airing it, and dismissed charges of racism, saying it "wouldn't even entertain the premise" that the ad was racist. In an October 24 interview with Tim Russert, RNC chairman Ken Mehlman said that he thought the ad was "fair" and that he did not have the authority to pull it.[41]

The ad was also denounced by Canada's ambassador to the United States, Michael Wilson, and in the Parliament of Canada by MP Omar Alghabra. The ad became an issue in Canada because of an actor's statement in the advertisement, "Canada can take care of North Korea. They're not busy." Alghabra, in the House of Commons, responded, "Is this what Canadians should be expecting as the outcome of cozying up to Mr. Bush by the prime minister and his Conservatives?"[42]

On October 25, Mehlman announced that the ad was "down now" during an interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN.[43] In its place, Tennessee television stations ran a different RNC ad.[44]

Endorsements

Ford received endorsements from, among others, The Tennessean (Nashville's predominant daily newspaper),[45] The Commercial Appeal (Memphis's predominant daily newspaper),[46] the Jackson Sun (Jackson's predominant daily newspaper),[47] the Bristol Herald Courier,[48] Metro Pulse (Knoxville),[49] the Professional Firefighters Association of Tennessee, and the Tennessee State Lodge of the Fraternal Order of Police.[50]

Corker was endorsed by, among others, the NRA Political Victory Fund,[51] [52] [53] the Knoxville News-Sentinel, the United States Chamber of Commerce, Clarksville Leaf Chronicle, Lebanon Democrat, Kingsport Times News, Nashville City Paper, the National Federation of Independent Businesses,[54] and the National Right to Life Committee,[55] though the Tennessee Right to Life Committee has refused to endorse Corker, claiming he is a "pro-abortion" politician.[56]

Both Corker and Ford were endorsed by the Chattanooga Times Free Press (Chattanooga's predominant daily newspaper still maintains two separate editorial pages left over from when its two daily newspapers merged): Ford by The Times editors,[57] and Corker by Free Press editors.[58]

Fundraising

Through October 18, 2006, Corker had raised more money than Ford and had also spent more, according to the candidates' most recent filings with the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Corker tapped into his personal fortune to help fund his campaign, loaning his campaign a total of $4.1 million.[59] Corker loaned $2 million of this amount on Wednesday, November 1, less than a week before the election, triggering the "millionaire's amendment" of the 2002 Campaign Reform Act and allowing Ford to seek $12,600 from individual donors instead of $2,100, the normal limit, for the final days of the campaign.

President Bush attended two fund raiser dinners on behalf of the Corker campaign in Nashville and Memphis which raised $2.6 million for Corker's campaign by charging over $2,000 a plate. Former President Bill Clinton attended a rally for the Ford campaign in Nashville that raised about $1 million.[60]

None of the third-party candidates filed reports with the FEC.

CandidateFunds RaisedCash On-Hand
Bob Corker (R)[61] $13,145,585$973,171
Harold Ford (D)[62] $9,889,498$356,175

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
align=left The Cook Political Report[63] November 6, 2006
align=left Sabato's Crystal Ball[64] November 6, 2006
align=left Rothenberg Political Report[65] November 6, 2006
align=left Real Clear Politics[66] November 6, 2006

Polling

In the general election, polls showed Corker with a statistically insignificant lead in the week before the election.

SourceDateHarold
Ford Jr. (D)		Bob
Corker (R)
align=left Global Strategy GroupMarch 200539%34%
align=left Global Strategy GroupOctober 31, 200539%36%
align=left Rasmussen[67] December 20, 200542%36%
align=left Rasmussen[68] January 30, 200640%42%
align=left Rasmussen[69] March 6, 200635%39%
align=left Rasmussen[70] May 7, 200639%43%
align=left Zogby[71] June 13, 200642%46%
align=left Zogby/WSJ[72] June 21, 200641%42%
align=left University of TennesseeJuly 20, 200635%42%
align=left Zogby/WSJJuly 24, 200644%43%
align=left Mason-Dixon[73] July 24, 200636%49%
align=left Rasmussen[74] July 26, 200637%49%
align=left Rasmussen[75] August 10, 200642%48%
align=left Benenson Strategy Group (D)[76] August 21, 200644%42%
align=left Zogby/WSJ[77] August 28, 200644%48%
align=left Rasmussen[78] September 5, 200644%45%
align=left Zogby/WSJSeptember 11, 200643%45%
align=left SurveyUSA[79] September 11, 200648%45%
align=left Benenson Strategy Group (D)[80] September 23, 200645%39%
align=left Zogby/WSJSeptember 25, 200642%48%
align=left Mason-Dixon[81] September 27, 200643%42%
align=left Middle Tennessee State University[82] September 30, 200642%43%
align=left Rasmussen[83] October 1, 200648%43%
Reuters/Zogby[84] October 5, 200640%40%
align=left USA Today/Gallup (RV)[85] October 5, 200646%36%
align=left USA Today/Gallup (LV)[86] October 5, 200650%45%
align=left SurveyUSA[87] October 10, 200646%48%
align=left Hamilton Beattie (D)[88] October 10, 200651%44%
align=left Rasmussen[89] October 13, 200648%46%
align=left Zogby/Wall Street Journal[90] October 19, 200642%49%
align=left Los Angeles Times/Bloomberg[91] October 24, 200644%49%
align=left Mason-Dixon/MSNBC-McClatchy[92] October 24, 200643%45%
align=left Rasmussen[93] October 24, 200646%47%
align=left SurveyUSA[94] October 25, 200648%48%
align=left Hamilton Beattie (D)[95] October 26, 200647%45%
align=left Benenson Strategy Group (D)[96] October 30, 200648%43%
align=left CNN[97] October 31, 200644%52%
align=left CNNOctober 31, 200645%47%
align=left Zogby/Wall Street Journal[98] October 31, 200648%49%
align=left Mason-Dixon[99] November 1, 200638%50%
align=left Rasmussen[100] November 1, 200647%49%
align=left Rasmussen[101] November 2, 200645%53%
align=left Reuters/Zogby[102] November 2, 200643%53%
align=left Hamilton Beattie (D)[103] November 3, 200646%40%
align=left RasmussenNovember 4, 200645%53%
align=left USA Today/Gallup[104] November 4, 200646%49%
align=left Survey USA[105] November 5, 200646%51%
align=left Rasmussen[106] November 5, 200647%51%
align=left OnPoint Polling and Research[107] November 6, 200647%48%

Results

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: November 7, 2006 . Tennessee Voter Turnout in 2006 . Tennessee Secretary of State . February 28, 2023.
  2. News: Haslam Has $2 Million In The Bank For Governor Bid . March 9, 2009 . The Chattanoogan . March 9, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090313130244/http://chattanoogan.com/articles/article_146420.asp . March 13, 2009 . dead . mdy-all .
  3. News: Republican candidates harmonize at televised debate. subscription. Knoxville News Sentinel. June 30, 2006. May 9, 2023. Newspapers.com.
  4. https://web.archive.org/web/20060128093635/http://www.nashvillecitypaper.com/index.cfm?section=9 City Paper/Supertalk 99.7 WTN
  5. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReportPopup.aspx?g=89defc80-06ad-46a9-b778-3d9dea923167&q=27741 SurveyUSA
  6. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReportEmail.aspx?g=c99a6ade-5af2-4648-8337-d0b411217d52 SurveyUSA
  7. https://archive.today/20070812032601/http://www.knoxnews.com/kns/election/article/0,1406,KNS_630_4856677,00.html University of Tennessee
  8. http://www.wbir.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=36295 Mason-Dixon/Chattanooga Times Free Press
  9. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReportEmail.aspx?g=6d55abe2-8cad-446b-a407-e28f23209ec0 SurveyUSA
  10. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReportEmail.aspx?g=2214d46f-f5e6-45c0-9c93-7e6d4e3ed32b&q=28028 SurveyUSA
  11. News: Pelosi beats Ford in House minority leader race . 25 June 2021 . Nashville Post . 14 November 2002.
  12. News: Miller . Sean J. . Cusack . Bob . Ford's willingness to defy Democratic establishment may be an asset in 2010 . 25 June 2021 . The Hill . 18 January 2010.
  13. News: Marissa . Montenegro . Alumnus to seek Senate seat in Tennessee . 25 June 2021 . The Daily Pennsylvanian . 1 September 2005.
  14. News: National Briefing - Tennessee Congressman To Run For Senate . 25 June 2021 . Associated Press . 26 May 2005.
  15. Web site: Neal . R . Six questions for Tennessee State Senator Rosalind Kurita . Facing South . August 31, 2005 . 25 June 2021.
  16. Web site: Kurita Poll Suggests She's as Strong as Ford . Roll Call . March 2, 2005 . 25 June 2021.
  17. News: Baker . Jackson . KURITA WITHDRAWS FROM SENATE RACE. . 25 June 2021 . Memphis Flyer . 12 April 2006.
  18. News: Kurita drops out of Senate race . 25 June 2021 . Associated Press . 12 April 2006.
  19. Web site: Ed Choate for Senate - Home . https://web.archive.org/web/20061031041522/http://www.edchoateforsenate.com/. October 31, 2006.
  20. Web site: Unofficial U.S. Senate Candidates. https://web.archive.org/web/20060412180741/http://www.state.tn.us/sos/election/cand/USSenateCandidates.pdf . April 12, 2006 .
  21. Web site: None Of The Above - Tennessee . Noneoftheabove-tn.org . January 11, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831031345/https://noneoftheabove-tn.org/ . August 31, 2018 . dead . mdy-all .
  22. Web site: Index of / . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060706055916/http://www.boforsenate.com/ . July 6, 2006 . July 17, 2006 . mdy-all.
  23. Web site: Corker wins; Ford challenges him to debates . https://web.archive.org/web/20060818040809/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_4892535,00.html . August 18, 2006 . August 3, 2006.
  24. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . August 17, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195425/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_4900891,00.html . September 27, 2007.
  25. Web site: Corker receives subpoena in environmental lawsuit. https://web.archive.org/web/20060831042857/http://www.tfponline.com/QuickHeadlines.asp?sec=l&URL=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.wehco.com%2FWebChannel%2FShowStory.asp%3FPath%3DChatTFPress%2F2006%2F08%2F25%26ID%3DAr00900 . August 31, 2006 .
  26. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . October 26, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201125/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5093961,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  27. News: Montenegro . Marissa . Alumnus to seek Senate seat in Tennessee . 25 June 2021 . The Daily Pennsylvanian . 1 September 2005.
  28. Web site: The City Paper - Smart, Fast, Free . October 3, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061004211734/http://www.nashvillecitypaper.com/index.cfm?section_id=9&screen=news&news_id=52462 . October 4, 2006 . dead . mdy-all .
  29. Web site: Tennessee Senate Race . RealClearPolitics . RealClear . 5 July 2021.
  30. Web site: Tennessee Senate Race . RealClearPolitics . RealClear . 5 July 2021.
  31. Web site: Ford Jr. confronts Corker on Memphis parking lot about Iraq . https://web.archive.org/web/20061026232053/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5081744,00.html . October 26, 2006.
  32. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . November 3, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154814/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5115877,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  33. Web site: Memphis Commercial Appeal - Memphis' Source for News and Information: Politics . September 7, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070709064228/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_4973610,00.html . July 9, 2007.
  34. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . October 8, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155602/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5051668,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  35. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . October 11, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154524/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5057333,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  36. Web site: Republican TV ad being denounced as racially divisive. https://web.archive.org/web/20061103213257/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/4282493.html . November 3, 2006 .
  37. Web site: Ford's move on Corker gets national attention. https://web.archive.org/web/20061025220118/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/politics/article/0,1426,MCA_1496_5088986,00.html . October 25, 2006 .
  38. News: GOP pulls ad versus black candidate . Robin . Toner . October 26, 2006 . The San Francisco Chronicle.
  39. Web site: Harold Ford Jr. on His Playboy Party . https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/fDPVBonzX9E . 2021-12-21 . live. October 24, 2006 . YouTube . January 11, 2012.
  40. "Web site: Republican TV ad being denounced as racially divisive . October 24, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061103213257/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/nation/4282493.html . November 3, 2006.
  41. Web site: Mehlman: Controversial Ford attack ad is 'fair' . NBC News . October 24, 2006 . January 11, 2012.
  42. News: Republican Attack Ad Offends Canada . The New York Times . Ian . Austen . October 27, 2006 . May 27, 2010.
  43. News: CNN.com. CNN . May 27, 2010 .
  44. Web site: O'Donnell . Norah . GOP retires 'Playboy' ad in Tennessee . https://web.archive.org/web/20150307051019/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15418962/ . dead . March 7, 2015 . NBC News . October 25, 2006 . January 11, 2012.
  45. http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006610150344{{dead link | date=January 2012|fix-attempted=yes}}
  46. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . October 23, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155641/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/editorials/article/0,2845,MCA_25348_5081371,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  47. http://www.jacksonsun.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061022/NEWS01/610220311&SearchID=73260756083392{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  48. Web site: Archived copy . www.tricities.com . 15 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184907/http://www.tricities.com/tristate/tri/search.apx.-content-articles-TRI-2006-10-26-0001.html . 30 September 2007 . dead.
  49. Web site: Ford Is Your Answer . https://web.archive.org/web/20061017125409/http://www.metropulse.com/articles/2006/16_41/frank_talk.shtml . October 17, 2006 . Cagle . Frank.
  50. Web site: Archived copy . October 17, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061019120854/http://www.haroldfordjr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=404 . October 19, 2006 . dead . mdy-all .
  51. Web site: NRA-PVF Endorses Bob Corker for U.S. Senate . nrapvf.org . NRA-PVF . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819221534/https://www.nrapvf.org/articles/20060912/nra-pvf-endorses-bob-corker-for-us-senate . August 19, 2014 . en-US . September 12, 2006 . dead.
  52. Web site: NRA-PVF Endorses Bob Corker for U.S. Senate . nrapvf.org . NRA-PVF . https://web.archive.org/web/20140812195519/https://www.nrapvf.org/articles/20120928/nra-pvf-endorses-bob-corker-for-us-senate-in-tennessee . August 12, 2014 . en-US . September 28, 2012 . dead.
  53. Web site: NRA endorses Corker; Ford chair displeased. https://web.archive.org/web/20061018203545/http://www.bobcorkerforsenate.com/news/LatestNews.tb1.aspx?Article=94 . October 18, 2006 .
  54. Web site: With Polls Showing Strong Corker Momentum, Corker Also Leads in Media and Organizational Endorsements. https://web.archive.org/web/20061109024627/http://www.bobcorkerforsenate.com/news/LatestNews.tb1.aspx?Article=188 . November 9, 2006 .
  55. Web site: National Right to Life group wants Corker in Senate. https://web.archive.org/web/20061018203814/http://www.bobcorkerforsenate.com/news/LatestNews.tb1.aspx?Article=83 . October 18, 2006 .
  56. Web site: The City Paper - Smart, Fast, Free . October 17, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070305102753/http://www.nashvillecitypaper.com/index.cfm?section_id=9 . March 5, 2007 . dead . mdy-all .
  57. Web site: For the Senate: Harold Ford. https://archive.today/20070625064613/http://www.tfponline.com/absolutenm/templates/content_no_ads.aspx?articleid=5985&zoneid=39 . dead . 2007-06-25 . Chattanooga Times Free Press .
  58. Web site: Elect Bob Corker U.S. senator. https://archive.today/20070625064613/http://www.tfponline.com/absolutenm/templates/content_no_ads.aspx?articleid=4831&zoneid=39 . dead . 2007-06-25 . Chattanooga Times Free Press .
  59. Web site: Commercial Appeal : Memphis News, Business, Homes, Jobs, Cars, & Information . November 2, 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155641/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/editorials/article/0,2845,MCA_25348_5081371,00.html . September 30, 2007.
  60. Web site: President helps GOP pal in Ford's backyard . https://web.archive.org/web/20061005000128/http://www.commercialappeal.com/mca/local/article/0,2845,MCA_25340_5026263,00.html . October 5, 2006 . Abdullah . Halimah.
  61. Web site: FEC Candidate 2005/2006 Summary Reports: Corker, Robert P Jr . Herndon1.sdrdc.com . January 11, 2012.
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