| Competition: | Russian First Division |
| Season: | 2006 |
| Winners: | Khimki |
| Promoted: | Khimki Kuban Krasnodar |
| Relegated: | Spartak Nizhny Novgorod Fakel Voronezh Oryol Metallurg Krasnoyarsk Angusht Nazran |
| Matches: | 462 |
| Total Goals: | 1118 |
| League Topscorer: | Yevgeni Alkhimov (25 goals) |
| Biggest Home Win: | Sibir Novosibirsk 8–0 Angusht Nazran (3 October 2006) |
| Biggest Away Win: | Lada-Togliatti 0–7 Kuban Krasnodar (16 September 2006) |
| Highest Scoring: | Volgar-Gazprom 1–7 Dynamo Bryansk (24 August 2006) Sibir Novosibirsk 8–0 Angusht Nazran (3 October 2006) |
| Average Attendance: | 4,506 |
| Prevseason: | 2005 |
| Nextseason: | 2007 |
The 2006 Russian First Division was the 15th edition of Russian First Division. There were 22 teams.
