See main article: 2006 Pilot Pen Tennis. Lindsay Davenport was the defending champion, but was forced to retire in the final due to a right shoulder strain.
Justine Henin-Hardenne won the title, leading in the final 6–0, 1–0 until Davenport retired. It was the 5th title of the year for Henin-Hardenne and the 28th of her career.
The first four seeds received a bye into the second round.