See main article: 2006 Italian Open (tennis).
Martina Hingis defeated Dinara Safina in the final, 6–2, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2006 Italian Open. It was her first title since coming out of retirement.
Amélie Mauresmo was the reigning champion, but withdrew due to illness.
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round. Champion seeds are shown in bold while text in italics indicates the round in which seeds were eliminated.