2005 Explained

2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1995–2005).

Events

January

• January 1 – Jeanna Giese from Wisconsin, United States, comes home from the hospital and officially becomes the first person to ever survive rabies without a vaccination.^{[1] [2]}
• January 5 – Eris, the most massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown using images originally taken on October 21, 2003, at the Palomar Observatory.^[3]
• January 9 – The Second Sudanese Civil War ends in Sudan.
• January 12 – Deep Impact is launched from Cape Canaveral with the purpose of studying the comet Tempel 1.^[4]
• January 14 – The Huygens spacecraft lands on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.^[5]
• January 20
  • George W. Bush is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
  • The most intense solar particle event in recorded history is observed.^[6]

February

• February 10 – North Korea announces that it possesses nuclear weapons as a protection against the hostility it says it perceives from the United States.^[7]
• February 14
  • Former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri is assassinated, along with 21 others, by a suicide bomber in Beirut.^[8]
  • YouTube, an American online video sharing and social media platform was launched by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim headquartered in San Bruno, California, as a dating site until the first video on YouTube was released in April 23, 2005.
• February 16 – The Kyoto Protocol officially goes into effect.^[9]

March

• March 14 – China ratifies an anti-secession law, aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.^[10]
• March 24 – The President of Kyrgyzstan, Askar Akayev, is deposed following mass anti-government demonstrations and flees the country.^[11]
• March 28 – The 8.6 Nias–Simeulue earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong), leaving 915–1,314 people dead and 340–1,146 injured.
• March 31 – The dwarf planet Makemake is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown at the Palomar Observatory.^[12]

April

• April 2 – Pope John Paul II dies; over four million people travel to the Vatican to mourn him.^{[13] [14] [15]} Pope Benedict XVI succeeds him on April 19, becoming the 265th pope.^{[16] [17]}
• April 8 – The first solar eclipse of the year was a rare hybrid event, occurring at ascending node in Aries. This was 4.4 days after the Moon reached perigee. Gamma had a value of -0.34733. A hybrid solar eclipse was visible from south Pacific, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela, and was the 51st solar eclipse of Solar Saros 129.
• April 9 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Camilla receives the title Duchess of Cornwall.^[18]
• April 23 – The first ever YouTube video is uploaded, titled Me at the zoo.^[19]
• April 24 – The first lunar eclipse of the year was a penumbral event, occurring at descending node in Virgo. This was 5 days before the Moon reached perigee. Gamma had a value of -1.08851. A penumbral lunar eclipse was visible in eastern Asia, Australia, Pacific and Americas, and was the 23rd lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 141.
• April 26 – Cedar Revolution: Syria withdraws the last of its military garrison from Lebanon, ending its 29-year military occupation of the country.^[20]
• April 27 – The Superjumbo jet aircraft Airbus A380 makes its first flight from Toulouse.^[21]

May

• May 5 - The 2005 United Kingdom general election is won by the governing Labour Party and leader Tony Blair is elected for a third consecutive term.
• May 13 – Uzbek Interior Ministry and National Security Service troops massacre at least 200 protesters in the city of Andijan.^[22]
• May 18 – English whisky is re-established in England.^[23]
• May 19–21 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2005 takes place in Kyiv, Ukraine, and is won by Greek entrant Helena Paparizou with the song "My Number One".
• May 21 – Kingda Ka is opened for the first time to the public at Six Flags: Great Adventure, becoming the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster at the time.^{[24] [25]}

June

• June 4 – The Civic Forum of the Romanians of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș is founded.^[26]

July

• July 2 – Live 8, a set of 10 simultaneous concerts, takes place throughout the world, raising interest in the Make Poverty History campaign.^[27]
  • • July 6 The European Parliament rejects the proposed directive on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions in its second reading.^[28]
  • The International Olympic Committee awards London the right to host the 2012 Summer Olympics.^[29]
• July 7 – Four coordinated suicide bombings hit central London, killing 52 people and injuring over 700.^[30]
• July 23 – A series of bombings hit the resort city of Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, killing over 80 people.^[31]
• July 28 – As a result of the Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998, the Provisional Irish Republican Army ends its armed campaign and decommissions their weapons, by ordering all its units to drop their arms under the supervision of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning.^[32]

August

• August 12 – The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is launched from Cape Canaveral, designed to explore Mars.^[33]
• August 14 – Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.^[34]
• August 16 – West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 crashes into a mountain in Venezuela, killing 160 passengers and crew.^[35]
• August 18 – Peace Mission 2005, the first joint China–Russia military exercise, begins its eight-day training on the Shandong Peninsula.^[36]
• August 26 – The Constitution of Chile is heavily amended, eliminating senators for life, reducing the presidential terms from six to four years, giving the president exclusive rights to summon the National Security Council, and removes legal obstacles for the creation of new regions.^[37]
• August 29 – Hurricane Katrina makes landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast, causing severe damage, killing over a thousand people and dealing an estimated $108 billion in damage.^[38]
• August 31 – The Al-Aimmah bridge disaster in Baghdad, Iraq kills 953 Shia Muslim pilgrims who were celebrating a religious festival.^[39]

September

• September 7 – Egypt holds its first ever multi-party presidential election, which is marred with allegations of fraud.^[40]
• September 12 – Israel demolishes multiple settlements and withdraws its army from the Gaza Strip.^[41]
• September 19 – North Korea agrees to stop building nuclear weapons in exchange for aid and cooperation.^[42]
• September 30 – Controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper, sparking outrage and violent riots by Muslims around the world.^[43]

October

• October 3 – The second solar eclipse of 2005 was an annular event, occurring at descending node in Virgo. This was 4.8 days after the Moon reached apogee. Gamma had a value of 0.33058. An annular solar eclipse was visible in Portugal, Spain, Libya, Sudan and Kenya, and was the 43rd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 134.
• October 8 – The 7.6 Kashmir earthquake strikes Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and nearby areas with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), killing more than 86,000 people and displacing several million more.^[44]
• October 12 – The second crewed Chinese spacecraft, Shenzhou 6, is launched.^[45]
• October 17 – The final eclipse of 2005 was a partial lunar eclipse event, occurring at ascending node in Aries. This was 2.9 days after the Moon reached perigee. Gamma had a value of 0.97960. A partial lunar eclipse was visible in Asia, Australia, Pacific and North America, and was the 10th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 146.
• October 19 – The trial of Saddam Hussein begins.^[46]
• October 20 – The general conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) passes the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions.^[47]
• October 24 – Hurricane Wilma makes landfall near Cape Romano.^[48]

November

• November 9 – At least 60 people are killed and 115 more are wounded in a series of coordinated suicide bombings in Amman, Jordan.^[49]
• November 11 – In Kazakhstan, Zamanbek Nurkadilov, former mayor of Almaty, government minister and a political opponent of Nursultan Nazarbayev is found dead at his family compound.^[50]
• November 13 – Andrew Stimpson, a 25-year-old Scottish man, is reported as the first person proven to have been 'cured' of HIV.^[51]
  • • November 22 Angela Merkel assumes office as the first female Chancellor of Germany.^[52]
  • Microsoft releases the Xbox 360.^[53]
• November 23 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf wins the Liberian general election, making her the first democratically elected female head of state in Africa.^[54]
• November 28 – The United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Montreal.^[55]
• November 30 – Surgeons in France carry out the first human face transplant with Isabelle Dinoire becoming the first person to undergo it.^[56]

December

• December 12 – Scientists announce that they have created mice with small numbers of human neurons in an effort to make realistic models of neurological disorders.^[57]
• December 16 – Find-a-drug medical distributed computing project is concluded.^[58]
• December 18 – Chad descends into civil war after various rebel forces, with support from Sudan, attack the capital, N'Djamena.^[59]
• December 25 – An express train bound for the city of Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, is derailed by strong winds in Shonai, Yamagata Prefecture. Five people are killed and at least 33 injured.^[60]
• December 31 – Another second is added, 23:59:60, to end the year 2005, the first time since 1998.^[61]

World population

See main article: List of countries by population in 2005.

Births and deaths

• January 2 – Robbie Lee, British diver^[62]
• January 4 – Dafne Keen, British and Spanish actress^[63]
• January 11 – Roksana Węgiel, Polish singer, winner of Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018^[64]
• January 13 – Eva Brezalieva, Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast^[65]
• March 26 – Ella Anderson, American actress^[66]
• March 28 - d4vd, American singer^[67]
• April 29 – Prince Dipangkorn Rasmijoti of Thailand, grandson of Bhumibol Adulyadej, son of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, Rama X of Thailand and his wife Srirasmi Suwadee^[68]
• May 11 – Ezra Frech, American track athlete and Paralympian
• June 17 – Funa Nakayama, Japanese skateboarder^[69]
• June 26 – Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, daughter of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and his wife Queen Máxima of the Netherlands^[70]
• July 25 – Pierce Gagnon, American actor^[71]
• August 8 – Alysa Liu, American figure skater^[72]
• October 4 – Prince Emmanuel of Belgium, younger son and third child of King Philippe and Queen Mathilde of Belgium^[73]
• August 10 – Sunny Suljic, American actor^[74]
• October 7 - Lulu Wilson, American actress^{[75] [76]}
• October 15 – Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark, son of Frederik X and his wife Queen Mary of Denmark^[77]
• October 31 – Leonor, Princess of Asturias, daughter of Felipe VI of Spain and his wife Queen Letizia of Spain^[78]
• November 16 – Mariam Mamadashvili, Georgian singer, winner of Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016
• December 3 – Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway, son of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway and his wife Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway, grandson of King Harald V of Norway^[79]
• December 27
  • Kristina Pimenova, Russian model^[80]
  • C. William Doody, Canadian senator representing Newfoundland and Labrador.
• December 30 – Brady Noon, American actor

Nobel Prizes

• Chemistry – Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, and Yves Chauvin
• Economics – Robert J. Aumann, and Thomas Schelling
• Literature – Harold Pinter
• Peace – Mohamed ElBaradei
• Physics – Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, and Theodor W. Hänsch
• Physiology or Medicine – Robin Warren, and Barry Marshall

New English words and terms

• didymo
• functional calculus
• glamping
• locavore
• microblogging
• pre-exposure prophylaxis
• ransomware
• rock snot
• sexting
• truther
• vodcast^[81]

Sources

• Book: Corbett . Ronnie . Ronnie Corbett . Nobbs . David . And It's Goodnight From Him ...: The Autobiography of the Two Ronnies . Penguin . 2007 . 2006 . 978-0-14-102804-0 . Paperback.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Razner . Sarah . September 12, 2019 . 15 years after she survived rabies, Jeanna Giese seeks to save others from it . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210419180124/https://www.fdlreporter.com/story/news/2019/09/12/fond-du-lac-rabies-survivor-jeanna-giese-seeks-save-others-virus/2284305001/ . April 19, 2021 . January 14, 2021 . The Reporter . en-US.
2. Web site: Lite. Jordan. Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without Vaccine--But How?. January 14, 2021. Scientific American. en. December 10, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131210131741/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=jeanna-giese-rabies-survivor. live.
3. Web site: Dwarf Planet Eris. Hamilton. Calvin J.. Solar Views. July 3, 2016. August 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160814052034/http://solarviews.com/eng/eris.htm. live.
4. News: Comet probe Deep Impact launches. BBC News. January 12, 2005. October 14, 2009. December 13, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061213152505/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4162869.stm. live.
5. Web site: Touchdown on Titan: Huygens Probe Hits its Mark. Space.com. October 14, 2009. January 14, 2005. Tariq . Malik . Peter . de Selding. https://web.archive.org/web/20091010053614/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/huygens_descent_comm_050114.html. October 10, 2009. live.
6. Web site: A New Kind of Solar Storm . NASA Science . January 1, 2021 . January 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014020/https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/10jun_newstorm/ . live .
7. News: N. Korea Declares Itself a Nuclear Power. The Washington Post. Anthony. Faiola. October 14, 2009. February 10, 2005. July 26, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080726174120/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12836-2005Feb10.html. live.
8. Web site: Anniversary of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri's Assassination . 2024-10-19 . U.S. Department of State.
9. News: Kyoto Protocol comes into effect. CBC News. October 15, 2009. February 16, 2005. July 18, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070718055539/http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2005/02/16/kyoto050216.html. live.
10. Web site: Countries support Anti-Secession Law. China Daily. March 16, 2005. October 21, 2009. April 8, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050408031520/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/16/content_425628.htm. live.
11. Web site: Kyrgyz citizens overthrow President Ayakev (Tulip Revolution), 2005. Global Nonviolent Action Database. July 3, 2016. September 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160924072249/http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/kyrgyz-citizens-overthrow-president-ayakev-tulip-revolution-2005. live.
12. Web site: 2019-05-12 last obs . JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 136472 Makemake . NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory . 2020-02-20 . 2019-06-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190616154758/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=136472 . live .
13. News: Pope John Paul II Laid to Rest Today Amidst Huge Crowds. CNN.com - Transcripts. April 8, 2005. April 3, 2010. November 27, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121127193416/http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/08/lt.03.html. live.
14. News: What is Pope John Paul II's legacy?. The Times. May 29, 2024. April 8, 2005 . London. Sam. Coates. Anushka. Asthana. Anushka Asthana. subscription.
15. News: The funeral of Pope John Paul II. BBC News. October 23, 2009. April 8, 2005. May 24, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060524045251/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/4420145.stm. live.
16. News: The best man for the job: Pope Benedict XVI may be more controversial than his predecessor but he can still be a great leader. The Times Online. October 27, 2009. April 20, 2005. Daniel. Johnson. London. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080211184611/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article383225.ece. February 11, 2008.
17. News: Pope Benedict XVI. The New York Times. October 27, 2009. April 19, 2005. May 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130522042811/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/19/opinion/19iht-web.0419popeed.html. live.
18. Web site: April 9, 2005: Prince Charles marries Camilla Parker-Bowles at Windsor's Guildhall. Early. Chas. April 9, 2005. BT. July 3, 2016. June 30, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160630131620/http://home.bt.com/news/world-news/april-9-2005-prince-charles-marries-camilla-parker-bowles-at-windsors-guildhall-11363974397361. dead.
19. News: Shiels . Maggie . YouTube at five- 2 bn views a day . May 6, 2022 . BBC News . May 17, 2010 . May 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220506165833/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8676380.stm . live .
20. News: Syria withdrawal: Lebanese speak. BBC News. October 27, 2009. April 27, 2009. October 22, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231022053553/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4482883.stm. live.
21. News: Airbus A380 Completes First Flight. Associated Press. October 27, 2009. April 27, 2005. Fox News. August 20, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080820000909/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,154745,00.html. dead .
22. News: Toll from Uzbekistan violence disputed. Associated Press. October 28, 2009. May 17, 2005. USA Today. June 23, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110623190906/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-05-17-uzbekistan_x.htm. dead .
23. Web site: 2020-05-18 . The English Whisky Map . 2024-06-08 . Inside the Cask . en-GB.
24. Web site: Kingda Ka: The ultimate roller-coaster . Oct 11, 2005. March 3, 2021. CNN.com . June 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210621145527/https://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/09/30/ultimate.rollercoaster/index.html. live.
25. Levy . Glen . January 21, 2010. Top 10 Roller Coasters . en-US. Time. March 3, 2021. 0040-781X. June 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210617000114/https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1954707_1954711_1954674,00.html. live.
26. News: A fost înființat Forumul Civic al Românilor din Harghita și Covasna. Basilica News Agency. June 4, 2005. ro. December 4, 2022. December 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221204102835/https://basilica.ro/a-fost-infiintat-forumul-civic-al-romanilor-din-harghita-si-covasna/. dead .
27. News: Millions gather for Live 8. CNN.com. July 3, 2005. April 3, 2010. May 17, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080517231654/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/02/live8.main/. live.
28. News: Software patent bill thrown out. BBC News. November 8, 2009. July 6, 2005.
29. News: On this day – 6 July 2005 . BBC News . September 17, 2017 . February 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160209035449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/6/newsid_4940000/4940112.stm . live .
30. News: London bombings: Police updates. BBC News. November 8, 2009. July 9, 2005. September 11, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070911232724/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4667381.stm. live.
31. Web site: Death toll from Egypt blasts rises to 59 - TV. https://web.archive.org/web/20061128204958/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-07/23/content_3256722.htm. dead. November 28, 2006. Xinhua News Agency. November 9, 2009. July 23, 2005.
32. News: IRA Says It Will Abandon Violence. The Washington Post. November 9, 2009. July 29, 2005. Glenn. Frankel. November 3, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121103200028/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/28/AR2005072800427.html. live.
33. Web site: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: Mapping Mars in High Definition. Howell. Elizabeth. January 26, 2015. Space. July 3, 2016. August 24, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160824182025/http://www.space.com/18320-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter.html. live.
34. Web site: 2005-08-15 . 121 Die in Mystery Crash of Airliner . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814092736/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-aug-15-fg-crash15-story.html . August 14, 2022 . 2024-08-03 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
35. News: 160 Die in Crash of Airliner in Venezuela. Ellsworth. Brian. August 17, 2005. Forero. Juan. The New York Times. 0362-4331. June 5, 2016. January 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126211946/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/17/world/americas/160-die-in-crash-of-airliner-in-venezuela.html. live.
36. Web site: Russia and China rattle sabres with joint war games. Parfitt. Tom. August 19, 2005. The Guardian. June 5, 2016. December 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161215121216/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/aug/19/russia.china. live.
37. Ministerio Secretaría General de la Presidencia (26 de agosto de 2005), «Ley 20050: Reforma constitucional que introduce diversas modificaciones a la Constitución política de la República», Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile, consultado el 14 de mayo de 2011.
38. Web site: Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts. CNN.com. August 16, 2013. July 3, 2016. July 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160703034702/http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/23/us/hurricane-katrina-statistics-fast-facts/index.html. live.
39. News: Iraq stampede deaths near 1,000. August 31, 2005. BBC News. June 5, 2016. December 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201211013957/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4199618.stm. live.
40. News: Egypt's Ugly Election. December 10, 2005. The Washington Post. en-US. 0190-8286. July 3, 2016. August 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170810112554/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/09/AR2005120901837.html. live.
41. News: Demolition of Gaza homes completed. September 12, 2005. Ynetnews. July 3, 2016. November 27, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051127131754/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3136516,00.html. live.
42. Web site: North Korea vows to abandon nuclear weapons project. Traynor. Ian. Watts. Jonathan. September 20, 2005. The Guardian. July 3, 2016. Borger. Julian. August 29, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130829180016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/sep/20/northkorea. live.
43. News: French court clears weekly in Mohammad cartoon row. March 22, 2007. Reuters. June 5, 2016. September 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055305/http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/03/22/industry-france-cartoons-trial-dc-idUSL2212067120070322. live.
44. News: New figures put quake toll at more than 79,000. Associated Press. October 20, 2005. MSNBC. February 6, 2017. en. August 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170810051449/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9626146/#.WJjDHH9MGUk. live.
45. Web site: Shenzhou 6 Away! China Launches Two Astronauts in Second Manned Spaceflight. Malik. Tariq. October 11, 2005. Space.com. July 3, 2016. August 17, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160817091337/http://www.space.com/1667-shenzhou-6-china-launches-astronauts-manned-spaceflight.html. live.
46. Web site: 2005: Trial of Saddam Hussein Begins. October 19, 2005. National Geographic. July 3, 2016. October 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161011190046/http://nationalgeographic.org/thisday/oct19/trial-saddam-hussein-begins/. dead.
47. Book: Beukelaer . Christiaan . Pyykkönen . Miikka . Singh . J. P. . Globalization, culture and development : the UNESCO Convention on Cultural Diversity . 2015 . Palgrave Macmillan . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire . 978-1-137-39763-8. 1. Introduction: UNESCO's "Diversity Convention" – Ten Years on. Christiaan . De Beukelaer . Miikka . Pyykkönen.
48. Web site: Strongest Atlantic Hurricane: Wilma Brought Havoc to Mexico, Florida. www.accuweather.com. August 3, 2018. August 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180803224026/https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/hurricane-wilma-brought-death/18997467. dead.
49. News: Jordan 'not afraid' after bombs. November 10, 2005. BBC News. June 5, 2016. November 24, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051124170910/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4426458.stm. live.
50. Web site: Kazakhstan: Mysterious Murder Mars Presidential Election Campaign . Eurasianet.org. Kusainov. Aldar. November 13, 2005. September 26, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170926235736/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav111405.shtml . September 26, 2017 . dead .
51. News: Caution over HIV 'cure' claims. November 13, 2005. BBC News. June 5, 2016. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107063228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4432564.stm. live.
52. News: 2005: Merkel becomes German chancellor. November 22, 2005. BBC News. July 3, 2016. May 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200510223545/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/22/newsid_4968000/4968864.stm. live.
53. Web site: Xbox 360 launch date is November 22 . Engadget.com . September 15, 2005 . March 14, 2013 . Dybwad, Barb . https://web.archive.org/web/20130615081413/http://www.engadget.com/2005/09/15/xbox-360-launch-date-is-november-22/ . June 15, 2013 . live . mdy-all .
54. Web site: Johnson-Sirleaf declared Liberian president. Fickling. David. November 23, 2005. The Guardian. July 3, 2016. January 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111031757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/23/davidfickling. live.
55. News: UN summit seeks climate solutions. November 29, 2005. BBC News. July 3, 2016. November 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201117193131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4476998.stm. live.
56. News: 'My face transplant saved me'. Austin. Naomi. October 17, 2006. BBC News. June 5, 2016. April 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180419055618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6058696.stm. live.
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