| Mode: | Basketball |
| Year: | 2005–06 |
| Prev Year: | 2004–05 |
| Next Year: | 2006–07 |
| Team: | Southern Illinois Salukis |
| Conference: | Missouri Valley Conference |
| Short Conf: | MVC |
| Record: | 22–11 |
| Conf Record: | 12–6 |
| Hc Year: | 2nd |
| Champion: | MVC Regular season champion |
| Tourney Result: | first round |
The 2005–06 Southern Illinois Salukis men's basketball team represented Southern Illinois University Carbondale during the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Salukis were led by second-year head coach Chris Lowery and played their home games at the SIU Arena in Carbondale, Illinois as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. They finished the season 22–11, 12–6 in MVC play to finish tied for second in the regular season standings. The Salukis won the MVC tournament to receive an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. Playing as the No. 11 seed in the South region, the Salukis were defeated by No. 6 seed West Virginia in the opening round.[1]
|-!colspan=12 style=| Exhibition|-!colspan=12 style=| Non-conference regular season|-!colspan=12 style=| MVC Regular season|-!colspan=12 style=| Missouri Valley tournament|-!colspan=12 style=| NCAA tournament[3] [4]
See main article: 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings. [5]