2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election explained

Election Name:2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Country:India
Type:Parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Previous Year:1999
Next Election:2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election
Next Year:2008
Election Date:20, 24 April 2004[1]
Seats For Election:All 224 Legislative Assembly seats
Majority Seats:113
Party1:Bharatiya Janata Party
Last Election1:44
Seats1:79
Seat Change1: 35
Percentage1:28.33%
Swing1: 7.64%
Party2:Indian National Congress
Last Election2:132
Seats2:65
Seat Change2: 67
Percentage2:35.27%
Swing2: 5.57%
Party3:Janata Dal (Secular)
Last Election3:10
Seats3:58
Seat Change3: 48
Percentage3:20.77%
Swing3: 10.42%
Before Party:Indian National Congress
After Party:Indian National Congress

The 2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election took place on 20 April and 26 April 2004 in 224 constituencies in Karnataka, India. The elections were conducted to elect the government in the state of Karnataka for the next five years. The votes were counted on 13 May 2004. None of the parties were able to win a majority and the Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the single largest party with 79 seats.[2] [3] Subsequently, the Indian National Congress with 65 members and Janata Dal (Secular) with 58 members formed a coalition to run the government with Dharam Singh as the chief minister. This was the first ever coalition government in the state.[4]

Results

Party-wise

PartiesSeats%
ContestedWon
Bharatiya Janata Party1987928.33%
Indian National Congress2256535.27%
Janata Dal (Secular)755820.77%
Janata Dal (United)2652.06%
Others1713.57
Total (Turnout %)224100.00

Successful Candidates

ConstituencyWinnerRunner-upMargin
CandidatePartydata-sort-type="number" VotesRunner-upPartydata-sort-type="number" Votes
Bidar district
1AuradGurupadappa NagamarapalliINC45621Gundappa VakilJDS3430011321
2BhalkiPrakash KhandreBJP52652Eshwara KhandreINC427119941
3Hulsoor (SC)Rajendra VarmaBJP29285Babu HonnanaikInd278501435
4BidarBandeppa KashempurInd67019Syed Zulfekar HashmiInd3978427235
5HumnabadMerajuddin PatelJDS35755Rajshekahar Basawaraj PatilINC335862169
6BasavakalyanMallikarjun KhubaJDS29557Basavaraj Patil AtturInd221327425
Gulbarga district
7ChincholiVaijnath PatilJDS36184Kailashnath PatilINC310675117
8Kamalapur (SC)Revu Naik BelamgiBJP28607Ramakrishna GINC237404867
9AlandB. R. PatilJDS50818Subhash GuttedarINC3598914829
10GulbargaChandrashekhar Patil RevoorBJP78845Qamar ul IslamINC746454200
11Shahabad (SC)Sunil VallyapureBJP32625Baburao ChavanINC316071018
12AfzalpurM. Y. PatilJDS53122Malikayya GuttedarINC3465418468
13ChittapurVishwanath Patil HebbalJDS40871Baburao ChinchansurINC2392116950
14SedamSharan Prakash PatilINC26424Rajkumar PatilBJP218924532
15JevargiDharam SinghINC45235Shivalingappa Patil NariboleBJP425042731
16Gurmitkal (SC)Mallikarjun KhargeINC37006Akaashi BasavarajJDS1845918547
17YadgirVeer Basawanthreddy MudnalInd37222A B MalakraddyINC2578811434
18ShahapurSharanabassappa DarshanapurJDS59310Shivashekarappagouda SirwalINC3808021230
19ShorapurNarasimha Nayak (Raju Gowda)KNP43608Raja Venkatappa NaikINC407332875
Raichur district
20Devadurga (SC)Alkod HanumanthappaJDS33460ManappaInd2012513335
21RaichurAhuja PapareddyBJP38784Syed YasinINC291889596
22KalmalaMuniyappa Muddappa BJDS30915Shankaragouda HarviBJP274443471
23ManviN. S. BoserajuINC38620Basavanagouda ByagawatInd2851310107
24LingsugurAmaregowda Patil BayyapurJDS49211Anwari Basavaraj PatilINC456923519
25SindhanurHampanagouda BadarliINC79001Hanumanagouda AmareshappagoudaJDS3027748724
Koppal district
26KushtagiDoddanagoud Hanuamagouda PatilBJP44492Sharanappa VakeelaruJDS345269966
27YelburgaBasavaraj RayareddyINC49401Eshanna GulagannavarBJP437295672
28KanakagiriVeerappa Devappa KesarahattiBJP46712Mallikarjuna NagappaINC411365576
29GangawatiIqbal AnsariJDS39486Giregouda Advocate HBJP360443442
30KoppalBasavaraj HitnalINC47228Karadi SangannaBJP418805348
Bellary district
31SiruguppaM. S. SomalingappaBJP49160T. M. ChandrashekaraiahJDS428446316
32KurugoduSuryanarayana ReddyJDS56517RamalingappaBJP3724619271
33BellaryB. SriramuluBJP53354M Diwakara BabuINC466436711
34HospetH. R GaviappaInd31440G. Shankara GoudBJP237377703
35SandurSantosh LadJDS65600Venkatarao GhorpadeINC3002235578
36KudligiAnil LadBJP58977Siraj SheikhINC4179617181
37KotturT. BhagirathiINC29593N. T. BommannaJDS267812812
38Hoovina HadagaliM. P. PrakashJDS61863V. B. HalappaINC2807733786
Davanagere district
39Harapanahalli (SC)P. T. Parameshwar NaikINC38158Narayana DasInd301647994
40HariharY. NagappaINC40366H. ShivappaJDS39797569
41DavanagereShamanuru ShivashankarappaINC63499Yashawantha RaoBJP4136622133
42MayakondaS. A. RavindranathBJP62290R. S. ShekharappaINC531939097
Chitradurga district
43Bharamasagara (SC)H. AnjaneyaJDU47673M. ChandrappaINC3110416569
44ChitradurgaG. H. ThippareddyINC53386S. K. BasavarajanJDS514201966
Davanagere district
45JagalurT. GurusiddanagowdaBJP38530G. H. Ashwath ReddyINC317676763
Chitradurga district
46MolakalmuruN. Y. GopalakrishnaINC33592G M ThippeswamyJDU271556437
47ChallakereD. SudhakarINC47550Basavaraj Mandi MuttBJP2019927351
48Hiriyur (SC)D. ManjunathJDS43749G. S. ManjunathINC3131012439
49HolalkereA. V. UmapathiINC48179G. S. ManjunathInd3383614343
50HosadurgaB. G. GovindappaINC49780Elkal Vijaya KumarJDS2905220728
Tumakuru district
51Pavagada (SC)K. M. ThimmarayappaJDS53136VenkataramanappaINC450588078
52SiraB. SatyanarayanaJDS33166SreenivasaiahINC250738093
53KalambellaK. S. Kiran KumarBJP50108T. B. JayachandraINC3287317235
54Bellavi (SC)K. N. RajannaJDS35099C. V. MahadevaiahBJP335951504
55Madhugiri (SC)G. ParameshwaraINC47039KenchamaraiahJDS2982617213
56KoratagereC. ChannigappaJDS41826VeerannaJDU388322994
57TumkurSogadu ShivannaBJP59977Shafi AhmedINC513328645
58KunigalH. NingappaJDS52370S. P. MuddahanumegowdaINC3328019090
59HuliyurdurgaD. NagarajayaJDS27848AnusuyammaBJP231064742
60GubbiS. R. SrinivasInd40431G. S. ShivananjappaJDS2885411577
61TuruvekereM. T. KrishnappaJDS39934M. D. LakshminarayanaBJP307769158
62TipturB. NanjamariJDS46996K. ShadaksharIINC3017316823
63ChikkanayakanahalliJ. C. Madhu SwamyJDU43040C. B. Suresh BabuJDS414121628
Kolar district
64GauribidanurN. H. Shivashankara ReddyINC49636JyothireddyJDS416118025
65Chikballapur (SC)S. M. MuniyappaINC45993M. ShivanandaJDS3561310380
66SidlaghattaS. MunishamappaJDS60322V. MuniyappaINC528757447
67BagepalliG. V. SreeramareddyCPM57132N SampangiINC4599711135
68ChintamaniM. C. SudhakarINC65256K. M. Krishna ReddyBJP571568100
69SrinivasapurK. R. Ramesh KumarINC65041G. K. Venkatashiva ReddyBJP564318610
70MulbagalR. SrinivasJDS48250Y. SurendraBJP3277215478
71Kolar Gold Field (SC)S. RajendranRPI23098BhakthavathsalamADMK139919107
72BethamangalaB. P VenkatamuniyappaBJP41117M. Narayana SwamyInd40570547
73KolarK. Srinivas GowdaINC54755M. S. AnandBJP3100423751
74VemagalKrishna Byre GowdaINC95563S. N. SriramaBJP2020475359
75MalurS. N. Krishnaiah ShettyBJP69120A. NagarajuINC4226426856
Bangalore Urban district
76MalleshwaramM. R. SeetharamINC47029C. N. Ashwath NarayanBJP372529777
77Rajaji NagarN. L. Narendra BabuINC67899S. Suresh KumarBJP637774122
78Gandhi NagarDinesh Gundu RaoINC40797V. NagarajJDS1252928268
79ChickpetP. C. MohanBJP21404Sathya Narayana SwamyINC191672237
80BinnypetV. SomannaINC77657AswathnarayanaBJP5073726920
81ChamrajpetS. M. KrishnaINC27695Mukhyamantri ChandruBJP1401013685
82BasavanagudiK. ChandrashekharINC44600K. N. SubbareddyBJP362808320
83JayanagarRamalinga ReddyINC54078B. N. Vijaya KumarBJP514282650
84Shanti Nagar (SC)S. RaghuBJP33483M. MuniswamiINC300053478
85ShivajinagarKatta Subramanya NaiduBJP22001N. A. HarisINC176284373
86BharathinagarNirmal SuranaBJP27867J. AlexanderINC229864881
87JayamahalR. Roshan BaigINC41757Mumtaz Ali KhanBJP2187719880
88Yelahanka (SC)B. Prasanna KumarINC144806C. MunikrishnaBJP13049414312
89UttarahalliR. AshokaBJP313309S. T. SomashekharINC22930884001
90VarthurA. KrishnappaINC127490Ashwatha Narayana ReddyBJP11435213138
Bangalore Rural district
91KanakapuraP. G. R SindhiaJDS52740Narayana GowdaINC437918949
92SathanurD. K. ShivakumarINC51603D. M. VishwanathJDS3767513928
93ChannapatnaC. P. YogeshwaraINC64162M. C. AshwathJDS4799316169
94RamanagarH. D. KumaraswamyJDS69554C. M. LingappaINC4463824916
95MagadiH. C. BalakrishnaJDS49197H. M. RevannaINC3792111276
96Nelamangala (SC)AnjanamurthyINC37578B. GuruprasadBJP329924586
97DoddaballapurJ. Narasimha SwamyINC59954V. KrishnappaJDS4689813056
98Devanahalli (SC)G. ChandrannaJDS61344MuninarasimhaiahINC3400027344
99HosakoteM. T. B. NagarajINC75808B. N. Bache GowdaJDS74935873
Bangalore Urban district
100AnekalA. NarayanaswamyBJP63023B ShivannaINC608472176
Mandya district
101NagamangalaN. Chaluvaraya SwamyJDS54847L. R. Shivarame GowdaINC487606087
102MaddurD. C. ThammannaINC38991M. S. SiddarajuInd2825610735
103KiragavalM. K. NagamaniJDU53590Madhu G MadegowdaINC3802915561
104Malavalli (SC)K. AnnadaniJDS38860P. M. NarendraswamyINC2763011230
105MandyaM. SrinivasJDS46985M. S. AtmanandaINC3210514880
106KeragoduH. B. RamuINC39842G. B. Shiva KumarJDS2736612476
107ShrirangapattanaVijayalakshmamma BandisiddegowdaJDS27371K. S. NanjundegowdaKRRS261131258
108PandavapuraC. S. PuttarajuJDS44165K. S. PuttannaiahInd426491516
109KrishnarajpeteKrishnaJDS34738K. B. ChandrashekarINC292345504
Chamarajanagar district
110HanurParimala NagappaJDS61626R. NarendraINC4861313013
111Kollegal (SC)S. BalrajInd27736S. JayannaJDS244083328
Mysore district
112BannurSunitha Veerappa GowdaBJP33522Chikkamada NayakaINC278595663
113T. Narasipur (SC)H. C. MahadevappaJDS37956M. SrinivasaiahINC2369914257
114KrishnarajaM.K. SomashekarJDS25439S. A. RamadasBJP220453394
115ChamarajaH. S. ShankaralingegowdaBJP38193Sandesh NagarajINC2341614777
116NarasimharajaTanveer SaitINC54462Maruthi Rao PawarInd2985324609
117ChamundeshwariSiddaramaiahJDS90727L. RevanasiddaiahINC5838232345
118NanjangudD. T. JayakumarJDS46068M. MahadevINC2648319585
Chamarajanagar district
119Santhemarahalli (SC)R. DhruvanarayanaINC40752A. R. Krishna MurthyJDS407511
120ChamarajanagarVatal NagarajKCVP37072B. P. ManjulaINC2658910483
121GundlupetH. S. Mahadeva PrasadJDS55076H. S. NanjappaINC4405711019
Mysore district
122Heggadadevankote (SC)M. P. VenkateshJDS50729N. NagarajuBJP3841212317
123HunsurG. T. DevegowdaJDS60258S. ChikkamaduINC4612614132
124KrishnarajanagaraMahadevaJDS40341H. VishwanathINC40018323
125PeriyapatnaK. VenkateshJDS39357K. S. Chandre GowdaINC303728985
Kodagu district
126Virajpet (ST)H. D. BasavarajuBJP35550Suma VasanthaINC274848066
127MadikeriK. G. BopaiahBJP31610Dambekodi S MadappaJDS234468164
128SomwarpetB. A. JeevijayaINC46560Appachu RanjanBJP437632797
Hassan district
129Belur (SC)H. K. KumaraswamyJDS31438D MalleshINC264894949
130ArsikereA. S. BasavarajuBJP36867G. V. SiddappaINC304186449
131GandasiB ShivaramuINC52781K. M. Shivalinge GowdaJDS5276318
132ShravanabelagolaC. S. Putte GowdaJDS70461H. S. Vijay KumarINC3558534876
133HolenarasipurH. D. RevannaJDS64664G. Puttaswamy GowdaINC3207032594
134ArkalgudA. T. RamaswamyJDS47131A. ManjuINC441922939
135HassanH. S. PrakashJDS63527K. M. RajegowdaINC3580427723
136SakleshpurH. M. VishwanathJDS41704B. B. ShivappaINC1991121793
Dakshina Kannada
137Sullia (SC)Angara S.BJP61480Dr RaghuINC4439517085
138PutturShakunthala T. ShettyBJP65119Sudhakar ShettyINC5400711112
139VittlaPadmanabha KottariBJP60250K. M. IbrahimINC59859391
140BelthangadyPrabhakar BangeraBJP48102Harish KumarINC3528112821
141BantvalB. Nagaraja ShettyBJP54860Ramanath RaiINC489345926
142MangaloreN. Yogish BhatBJP29928Lancelot PintoINC248275101
143UllalU. T. FareedINC47839Chandrashekar UchilBJP404917348
144SurathkalJ. Krishna PalemarBJP57808Vijaya Kumar ShettyINC544963312
Udupi district
145KapuLalaji MendonBJP33611Vasantha V. SalianINC322211390
146UdupiK. Raghupati BhatBJP36341U. R. SabhapatiINC348081533
147BrahmavarK. Jayaprakash HegdeInd39521Pramod MadhwarajINC2734812173
148KundapuraHalady Srinivas ShettyBJP58923Ashok Kumar HegdeINC3925819665
149ByndoorK Gopala PoojaryINC47627K. LakshminarayanaBJP443753252
150KarkalaV. Sunil KumarBJP52061H. Gopal BhandaryINC421499912
Dakshina Kannada
151MoodabidriAbhayachandra JainINC29926K. Amarnath ShettyJDS269772949
Chikmagalur district
152SringeriD. N. JeevarajBJP47263D. B. ChandregowdaINC2904218221
153Mudigere (SC)M. P. KumaraswamyBJP27148MotammaINC258101338
154ChikmagalurC. T. RaviBJP57165C. R. Sageer AhmedINC3229224873
155BirurS. L. DharmegowdaJDS33164K. B. MallikarjunaINC320311133
156KadurK. M. KrishnamurthyJDS43433MarulasiddappaINC361447289
157TarikereT. H. ShivashankarappaINC47593H. OmkarappaBJP2791919674
Davanagere district
158ChannagiriMahima J PatelJDS42837Vadnal RajannaINC3215410683
Shimoga district
159HolehonnurG. BasavanneppaBJP50071KariyannaINC437696302
160BhadravatiB. K. SangameshwaraInd52572M. J. Appaji GowdaINC3514117431
Davanagere district
161HonnaliM. P. RenukacharyaBJP46593D. G. ShanthanagowdaINC391197474
Shimoga district
162ShimogaK. S. EshwarappaBJP69015H. N. ChandrashekarappaINC4976619249
163TirthahalliAraga JnanendraBJP47843Kimmane RathnakarINC464681375
164HosanagarHartalu HalappaBJP49086G. D. NarayanappaINC3223516851
165SagarBelur GopalkrishnaBJP57455Kagodu ThimmappaINC4228215173
166SorabKumar BangarappaINC44677Madhu BangarappaBJP3274811929
167ShikaripuraB. S. YediyurappaBJP64972K. ShekarappaINC4501919953
Uttara Kannada
168Sirsi (SC)Viveknand VaidyaBJP47811Jaiwant PremanandINC3365214159
169BhatkalShivanand NaikBJP46471J. D. NaikINC423014170
170KumtaMohan Krishna ShettyINC34738Shashibhushan E HegdeBJP312733465
171AnkolaVishweshwar Hegde KageriBJP46787Shantaram HegdeINC3070916078
172KarwarGangadhar Nagesh BhatBJP36397Prabhakar RaneJDS2016516232
173HaliyalR. V. DeshpandeINC55974V. S. PatilBJP4176514209
Dharwad district
174Dharwad RuralVinay KulkarniInd33744A. B. DesaiJDU305143230
175DharwadS. R. MoreyINC43334Chandrakant BelladBJP375845750
176HubliJabbarkhan HonnalliINC41971Ashok KatweBJP401551816
177Hubli RuralJagadish ShettarBJP58501Anil Kumar PatilINC3196526536
178KalghatgiSiddanagouda ChikkanagoudraBJP28065Babusab K KashimanavarJP261071958
179KundgolAkki Mallikarjunappa ShahadevappaJDU28184C. S. ShivalliInd239424242
Haveri district
180ShiggaonSindhura RajashekarInd41811Sayed Azimpeer KhadriINC40971840
181HangalC. M. UdasiBJP61167Manohar TahasildarINC4308018087
182HirekerurB. C. PatilJDS39237U. B. BanakarBJP342474990
183RanibennurG. ShivannaBJP57123K. B. KoliwadINC4103716086
184Byadgi (SC)Nehru OlekarBJP52686Rudrappa LamaniINC4140811278
185HaveriShivaraj SajjanarBJP53482Basavaraj ShivannanavarINC512862196
Gadag district
186ShirahattiShivamurthayya GaddadevaramathINC34151Ganganna MahantashettarJDU312052946
187MundargiShidlinganagouda PatilINC40287B. F. DandinJDS2107119216
188GadagD. R. PatilINC50580S. B. SankannavarBJP3537615204
189RonKalakappa BandiBJP46733Gurupadagouda PatilINC386688065
190NargundC. C. PatilBJP43382B. R. YavagalINC3126012122
Dharwad district
191NavalgundR. B. ShiriyannavarBJP30195Kallappa Nagappa GaddiINC263563839
Belgaum District
192RamdurgMahadevappa YadawadBJP56585Ashok PattanINC3104425541
193ParasgadVishwanath MamaniInd38451Subhash KoujalgiINC370061445
194BailhongalJagadish MetgudBJP48208Mahantesh KoujalgiINC3663311575
195KitturSuresh MarihalBJP49970Danappagouda InamdarINC3526514705
196KhanapurDigambar Yashwantrao PatilInd19115Vaishali Ashok PatilInd18747368
197BelgaumRamesh KudachiINC32198Vilas PawarBJP311811017
198UchagaonManohar KinikarInd42483Sambhaji Laxman PatilINC3127711206
199BagewadiAbhay PatilBJP32854Shivaputrappa MalagiINC291563698
200Gokak (ST)Ramesh JarkiholiINC56768Mallappa MuttennavarBJP4059316175
201ArabhaviBalachandra JarkiholiJDS62054Veeranna KoujalgiINC4260419450
202HukkeriShashikanth NaikBJP46969Umesh KattiJDS46148821
203SankeshwarAppayagouda PatilINC52036Rajendra Malagouda PatilBJP3582816208
204NippaniKakasaheb Panduranga PatilINC40222Subhash Shridhar JoshiBJP39793429
205SadalgaPrakash HukkeriINC58039Annasaheb JolleBJP3873719302
206Chikkodi (SC)Hakkyagol Dattu YellappaBJP32663S. S. BhimannavarINC301212542
207Raibag (SC)Bheemappa SarikarJDU54049Laxman KambleINC4385510194
208KagwadRaju KageBJP44529Kiran Kumar PatilINC410773452
209AthaniLaxman SavadiBJP59578Dongaragaon Shahajan IsmailINC2832531253
Bagalkot district
210JamkhandiSiddu SavadiBJP73223Ramappa KalutiINC3990233321
211BilgiMurugesh NiraniBJP68136J. T. PatilINC5081117325
212Mudhol (SC)Govind KarjolBJP71814R. B. TimmapurINC3887232942
213BagalkotVeeranna CharantimathBJP34597Pralhad PujariInd290755522
214BadamiMahagundappa PattanshettiBJP52678B B ChimmanakattiINC3367719001
215GuledgudH. Y. MetiJDS30832Rajashekhar SheelavantBJP294261406
216HungundDoddanagouda PatilBJP50617Gouramma KashappanavarINC3219318424
Bijapur district
217MuddebihalC. S. NadagoudaINC30203Vimalabai DeshmukhJDS277762427
218Huvina HipparagiShivputrappa DesaiBJP39224B. S. PatilINC329276297
219Basavana BagevadiShivanand PatilINC50238S. K. BellubbiBJP469333305
220TikotaM. B. PatilINC48274Rudragoudar SahebagoudaJDU1904029234
221BijapurAppu PattanshettyBJP70001Ustad Maheboob PatelINC4596824033
222Ballolli (SC)R. K. RathodJDS39915H. R. AlagurINC2887311042
223IndiRavikant PatilInd42984B. G. Patil HalasangiINC336529332
224SindagiAshok ShabadiBJP38853M. C. ManaguliJDS298039050

Government formation

In the elections, the BJP emerged as the single largest party winning 79 of the 224 seats. However, the Indian National Congress with 65 members and the Janata Dal (Secular) with 58 members formed a coalition to run the government. Dharam Singh of the Congress was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 28 May 2004.[5] However, in early 2006, the JD(S) withdrew its support to the government and instead forged an alliance with the BJP. A new government was formed with H. D. Kumaraswamy of the JD(S) as Chief minister and B. S. Yeddyurappa of the BJP as his deputy.[6]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Poll Schedule in Different Phases & Dates. 29 October 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20040603070809/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/assembly-elections-schedule.html. 3 June 2004. dead. dmy-all.
  2. Web site: Key highlights of General Elections, 2004 to State Election of Karnataka. Election Commission of India. 29 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101009151251/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf . 9 October 2010.
  3. News: State has hung Assembly; BJP largest group. https://web.archive.org/web/20040626151236/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/14/stories/2004051406490600.htm. dead. 26 June 2004. 29 October 2010. The Hindu. 14 May 2004. Chennai, India.
  4. News: Dharam Singh to lead coalition government. https://web.archive.org/web/20040620054917/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/28/stories/2004052805410600.htm. dead. 20 June 2004. 29 October 2010. The Hindu. 28 May 2004. Chennai, India.
  5. News: Dharam Singh to be sworn in CM today. https://web.archive.org/web/20040927142612/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/28/stories/2004052814470100.htm. dead. 27 September 2004. 29 October 2010. 28 May 2004. The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  6. News: BJP makes southern Indian debut . 2008-06-04 . 2006-02-03. BBC Online.

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