2003 24 Hours of Le Mans explained

The 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 71<sup>e</sup> 24 Heures du Mans|link=no) was a non-championship 24-hour automobile endurance race from 14 to 15 June 2003 at the Circuit de la Sarthe near Le Mans, France for teams of three drivers each entering Le Mans Prototype and Grand Touring cars before approximately 220,000 people. It was the race's 71st edition, as organised by the automotive group, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) since 1923. A test day was held seven weeks prior to the race on 4 May.

A Bentley Speed 8 shared by Dane Tom Kristensen, Italian Rinaldo Capello and Brit Guy Smith started from pole position after Kristensen set the fastest overall lap time in the second qualifying session. The team won the race by two laps over Mark Blundell, David Brabham and Johnny Herbert's sister Bentley. It was Capello and Smith's first Le Mans victory and Kristensen's fifth. Bentley's sixth overall victory was their first since the 1930 edition. Champion Racing's Audi R8 of JJ Lehto, Emanuele Pirro and Stefan Johansson in third overall won the Le Mans Prototype 900 (LMP900) category from Audi Sport Japan Team Goh's entry of Seiji Ara, Jan Magnussen and Marco Werner.

A Noël del Bello Racing Reynard 2KQ-LM driven by Jean-Luc Maury-Laribière, Christophe Pillon and Didier André won the Le Mans Prototype 675 (LMP675) class, 32 laps ahead of the second-placed RN Motorsport DBA4 03S-Zytek car of John Nielsen, Casper Elgaard and Hayanari Shimoda. In a Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello, the Veloqx Prodrive Racing team of Jamie Davies, Tomáš Enge and Peter Kox won the Le Mans Grand Touring Sport (LMGTS) class, giving Ferrari its first GT victory since the 1981 race. Corvette Racing finished second and third in the category with their two C5-Rs ten laps behind. Porsche took the first six places in the Le Mans Grand Touring (LMGT) category, with an Alex Job Racing (AJR) 911-GT3 RS driven by Sascha Maassen, Emmanuel Collard and Lucas Luhr winning on the team's debut.

Background and regulation changes

The 71st edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans took place from 14 to 15 June 2003 at the 8.482miles Circuit de la Sarthe road racing circuit close to Le Mans, France, from 14 to 15 June.[1] [2] The race was first held in 1923 after the automotive journalist Charles Faroux, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) general secretary Georges Durand and the industrialist Emile Coquile agreed to hold a test of vehicle reliability and durability. The 24 Hours of Le Mans is considered one of the world's most prestigious motor races and is part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport.[3]

The ACO reduced the overall horsepower for the Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP), Le Mans Prototype 900 (LMP900), Le Mans Prototype 675 (LMP675), Le Mans Grand Touring Sports (LMGTS), and LMGT (Le Mans Grand Touring) categories by 10 per cent following the 2002 race. It permitted the use of carbon fibre chassis in the LMGTS class as well as the use of original automatic and semi-automatic gearboxes in a homologated road vehicle entered in the LMGTS and LMGT categories. Every engine had air restrictors installed and boost pressures were adjusted to try to achieve performance parity across all four categories.[4] At a public meeting, drivers were told that crossing two wheels of a car over the white line denoting the circuit's boundaries and onto the kerbing would result in a stop-and-go penalty that would increase in severity if the transgression was repeated.[5]

Entries

By the entry deadline on 20 February 2003, the ACO had received 72 applications (31 for the Prototype classes and 41 for the Grand Touring categories). It issued 50 race invitations, with entries divided between the LMP900, LMGTP, LMP675, LMGTS, and LMGT classes.[6]

Automatic entries

Six automatic entry invitations were earned by teams of two cars that won their class in the 2002 24 Hours of Le Mans or in the 2002 American Le Mans Series (ALMS) season-closing round, the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta, designated a qualifying race by the ACO as part of an agreement with the ALMS.[7] Because entries were limited to teams, squads were not permitted to switch cars from last year to the next. They were allowed to change categories as long as the car's make did not change and the ACO approved the switch.[8] Audi Sport Team Joest in both LMP categories, Corvette Racing in the LMGTS class and The Racer's Group (TRG) in the LMGT category received automatic entries based on class victories at the 2002 24 Hours of Le Mans. Audi Sport North America and Corvette also qualified after winning their respective classes at the Petit Le Mans, as did Alex Job Racing (AJR) in the LMGT category.[8] However, Audi declined their automatic invitations after it withdrew its factory operations and forwent its defence of the overall victory.[9]

Entry list

On 25 March 2003, the ACO selection committee announced the full 50-car entry list for Le Mans, plus six reserves. The field consisted of an equal number of Prototype and GT cars representing 22 different car manufacturers (14 in the GT classes and 8 in the Prototype categories).[10] After a protest was raised by Larbre Compétition owner Jack Leconte and alpine skier Luc Alphand over their respective teams being allocated one entry,[11] [12] ACO president Michel Cosson stated that the entries chosen appeared to be of high quality and that the automotive group wanted a heterogeneous field. He said that it was not the proper way to select race entries but disliked those who sought to detract from the event's excitement.[11]

Bio-ethanol car

Team Nasamax, based in Sittingbourne, England, entered the first renewable-fuelled sports prototype racing car at the Le Mans event to raise awareness of renewable fuels.[13] The Reynard 01Q had a 2.65l Cosworth V8 turbocharged engine that ran on bio-ethanol fuel, which does not release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because it is produced from crops.[13] The car's fuel and inlet air systems were modified to allow for more efficient fuel combustion. An alternative exhaust system was built and the turbocharger's housing and vanes were modified.[14]

Testing

On 4 May, the circuit hosted a mandatory pre-Le Mans testing day divided into two daytime sessions of four hours each, involving all 50 entries as well as all six reserve cars. The weather was clear and dry.[15] In the final minutes of testing, Tom Kristensen in the 7 Bentley Speed 8 set the fastest lap of 3 minutes, 34.820 seconds. Jan Magnussen was the fastest privateer Audi R8 for Team Goh in second and the No. 7 Bentley was third. Audi Sport UK and Champion Racing were fourth and fifth, respectively.[16] Late in testing, Frank Biela lost control on an oil patch laid by a Pagani Zonda at the Porsche Curves, crashing into a barrier at 120mph and damaging the Audi Sport UK car's right-rear corner.[17] [18] The No. 26 RN Motorsport DBA4 03S-Zytek car led in LMP675 with a 3 minutes, 47.708 seconds lap, followed by the No. 29 Noël del Bello Racing Reynard 2KQ-LM and the No. 27 Intersport Racing MG-Lola EX257 vehicles.[16] Tomáš Enge's No. 88 Prodrive Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello lapped fastest in LMGTS at 3 minutes, 57.180 seconds, followed by Kelvin Burt's sister No. 80 car and Jérôme Policand's No. 72 Luc Alphand Aventures entry.[15] [18] Jörg Bergmeister's No. 81 TRG Porsche 911 GT3-RS led the LMGT class in 4 minutes, 8.636 seconds, followed by Sascha Maassen's No. 93 AJR car.[16]

Qualifying

On the 11 and 12 June, all entrants had eight hours of qualifying divided into four two-hour sessions. To qualify for the race, all entrants were required to set a time that was within 110 per cent of the fastest lap set by the fastest vehicle in each of the four categories during the session. The weather was overcast and humid,[19] and teams focused on car setup.[20] Bentley took the lead early on with a flying lap from Mark Blundell's No. 8 car, followed by Kristensen and Johnny Herbert. Blundell eventually led with a lap of 3 minutes, 35.321 seconds. In second, Kristensen's No. 7 car was a quarter-second slower and Jan Magnussen was the fastest Audi privateer in third.[21] Jan Lammers' No. 15 Racing for Holland Dome S101 improved on each of his timed laps to finish fourth,[19] and Champion Racing's JJ Lehto was fifth. John Nielsen drove RN Motorsport's DBA4 03S-Zytek car to provisional pole in LMP675 with a time of 3 minutes, 45.243 seconds, eight seconds faster than the Intersport and Automotive Durango SRL teams. Oliver Gavin's No. 50 Chevrolet Corvette C5-R led the LMGTS category with a lap of 3 minutes, 55.613 seconds he set with five minutes left, demoting Enge's Prodrive Ferrari to second. After setting a lap in the final ten minutes, Johnny O'Connell's No. 53 car was third. In LMGT, AJR's Porsche of Maassen was almost three seconds faster than Timo Bernhard's TRG car and another seven-tenths faster than Marc Lieb's No. 87 Orbit entry.[22] Separate spins from Chris McMurry, Kevin Buckler, Peter Kox and Andrew Bagnall did not disrupt the session.[20]

Wednesday night's qualifying session was held with lower asphalt temperatures and teams performed scheduled simulation runs to see how their cars would perform under darkness with heavy fuel loads and worn tyres in the final 75 minutes.[23] A lack of slower traffic and better grip allowed Kristensen to displace Blundell and twice improved the overall fastest lap to 3 minutes, 32.843 seconds, followed by David Brabham's sister No. 8 Bentley in second and Biela's No. 10 Audi third. Emanuele Pirro put the No. 6 Audi fourth as Lammers fell to fifth.[23] Marco Werner's Team Goh Audi went into a gravel trap but continued driving.[21] In LMP675, Nielsen improved the RN Motorsport Zytek car's lap by a second to 3 minutes, 44.343, increasing the gap over the Intersport team to almost ten seconds.[23] [24] 75 minutes into the session, the Team Bucknum Racing Pilbeam-JPX MP91 car's engine failed at Indianapolis corner and spilled oil on the track. Marshals took 20 minutes to dry the spilled oil before qualifying resumed.[21] [23] Enge's Prodrive Ferrari led the LMGTS class from the start. He improved on Corvette Racing's first-session lap to 3 minutes, 53.278 seconds. After a session-long battle with Bernhard, Maassen in the AJR Porsche maintained his lead in the LMGT category.[22] [24] Bagnall lost control of the Seikel Motorsport Porsche and was beached in a gravel trap.[23] A collision with a Prototype in the Dunlop Chicane damaged David Warnock's PK Sport car's track rod.[22]

An accident stopped Thursday's first qualifying session after seven minutes.[25] Jamie Campbell-Walter spun a Lister Storm LMP car after hitting a bump on the exit of the Dunlop Esses.[26] He crashed backwards into a left-hand side barrier at the Dunlop Curve at 146mph and 14g0.[27] Marshals and safety teams spent ten minutes extricating Campbell-Walter from the car, removing a section of carbon fibre bodywork trapping his legs and put him into an ambulance.[26] The Lister Storm was withdrawn owing to a lack of spare parts.[26] Later, Ian Khan's Thierry Perrier Porsche engine failed, spilling oil on the Dunlop Chicane circuit. Robin Liddell was caught out and spun into a gravel trap after hitting the oil. Simultaneously, Roland Bervillé spun, collided with a barrier with his front-right corner, and broke the rear wing of the T2M Motorsport car, temporarily stopping the session.[28] Herbert's No. 8  Bentley led with a lap of 3 minutes, 35.126 seconds, but remained second on the provisional grid. Magnussen used lower air temperatures to improve Team Goh Audi's lap and pass Lammers for third at the session's end. Lehto outperformed Champion Racing's entry to go fourth. Despite not lapping faster, the RN Motorsport Zytek car retained provisional pole in LMP675, while the Intersport Lola vehicle improved by more than five seconds to remain second in class. Enge's second-session lap kept him atop in LMGTS as Darren Turner in the sister Prodrive Ferrari passed the No. 50 Corvette for second. Because of the previous day's lap, AJR maintained its lead in LMGT.[29]

The final session saw more incidents as cars were tested under race conditions. Thomas Erdos' Graham Nash Motorsport Saleen S7-R stopped on his outlap in a gravel trap at the Dunlop Chicane, necessitating trackside assistance. Gavin Pickering's Rachel Welter WR-Peugeot car stopped at the pit lane's exit, its bodywork flailing.[30] Kristensen gave his co-drivers Rinaldo Capello and Guy Smith time to drive the No. 7 Bentley,[31] which led the session and secured the pole position after Kristensen's lap from the second session.[32] Herbert improved the sister No. 8 Bentley's lap on his second attempt by one-tenth of a second; it remained in second overall due to slower traffic delaying Herbert. Audi were unable to challenge, but Biela improved the Audi Sport UK team's fastest lap and went third and Magnussen qualified the Team Goh car fifth, separated by Lammers' Racing for Holland Dome car. Intersport's MG-Lola car was faster, but not fast enough to take the LMP675 pole position from the RN Motorsport Zytek car. which was two seconds slower due to a broken throttle linkage. The GT categories remained mostly unchanged, with Enge's No. 88 Prodrive Ferrari in LMGTS class failing to improve on his second session lap as teammate Turner moved to within four-tenths of a second. Porsche took the first three positions in the LMGT category, with Lucas Luhr's AJR car resetting the category lap record to a 4 minutes, 6.984 seconds and Bernhard's TRG entry qualifying second by four hundredths of a second.

Qualifying results

Pole position winners in each class are indicated in bold The fastest time set by each entry is denoted in gray.

! scope="col"
ClassTeamCar
1LMGTP7Team BentleyBentley Speed 8align=center style=background:#ddd;3:32.8433:33.158
2LMGTP8Team BentleyBentley Speed 83:35.222align=center style=background:#ddd;3:35.098+2.255
3LMP90010Audi Sport UKAudi R83:37.076align=center style=background:#ddd;3:35.745+2.902
4LMP90015Racing for HollandDome S1013:37.350align=center style=background:#ddd;3:36.156+3.313
5LMP9005Audi Sport Japan Team GohAudi R83:37.691align=center style=background:#ddd;3:36.418+3.575
6LMP9006Champion RacingAudi R83:37.316align=center style=background:#ddd;3:36.857+4.014
7LMP9004Riley & Scott RacingRiley & Scott Mk III C3:43.528align=center style=background:#ddd;3:37.476+4.633
8LMP90016Racing for HollandDome S1013:38.908align=center style=background:#ddd;3:38.058+5.215
9LMP90013Courage CompétitionCourage C603:42.558align=center style=background:#ddd;3:40.400+6.257
10LMP90011JML Team PanozPanoz LMP01 Evoalign=center style=background:#ddd;3:40.7663:40.826+6.933
11LMP90017Pescarolo SportCourage C60align=center style=background:#ddd;3:40.8393:41.311+7.006
12LMP9009Kondo RacingDome S101align=center style=background:#ddd;3:41.6083:43.371+8.775
13LMP90018Pescarolo SportCourage C60align=center style=background:#ddd;3:43.1513:48.052+10.308|-! scope="row" | | LMP900|align=center| 20|Lister Racing|Lister Storm LMP|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:43.857|align=center||+11.114|-! scope="row" | 14|LMP900|align=center|12|JML Team Panoz|Panoz LMP01 Evo|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:43.924|align=center|3:43.970|+11.177
15LMP67526RN Motorsport Ltd.DBA4 03Salign=center style=background:#ddd;3:44.3333:44.518+11.490
16LMP67527Intersport RacingMG-Lola EX2573:53.212align=center style=background:#ddd;3:46.404+13.561|-! scope="row" | 17|LMP675|align=center| 31|Courage Compétition|Courage C65|align=center|3:55.003|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:51.550|+18.707
18LMP90019Automotive Durango SRLDurango LMP13:53.252align=center style=background:#ddd;3:52.194+19.351|-! scope="row" |19|LMGTS|align=center|88|Veloqx Prodrive Racing|Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:53.278|align=center|3:54.355| +20.435|-! scope="row" | 20|LMP900|align=center|14|Team Nasamax|Reynard 01Q|align=center|4:01.666|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:54.320|+21.477
21LMGTS80Veloqx Prodrive RacingFerrari 550-GTS Maranello3:56.267align=center style=background:#ddd;3:54.725+21.878|-! scope="row" | 22|LMP675|align=center|29|Noël del Bello Racing|Reynard 2KQ-LM|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:55.234|align=center|3:58.867|+22.391|-! scope="row" | 23|LMGTS|align=center| 50|Corvette Racing|Chevrolet Corvette C5-R|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:55.613|align=center|3:56.905|+22.770|-! scope="row" | 24|LMGTS|align=center|72|Luc Alphand Aventures|Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello|align=center|3:56.834|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:56.216|+23.373
25LMGTS53Corvette RacingChevrolet Corvette C5-Ralign=center style=background:#ddd;3:58.9413:59.974+26.198|-! scope="row" | 26|LMP675|align=center|24|Rachel Welter|WR LMP01|align=center style=background:#ddd;|3:59.477|align=center|4:04.593|+26.594
27LMGTS64Ray Mallock Ltd.Saleen S7-Ralign=center style=background:#ddd;4:01.1634:07.943+28.320|-! scope="row" | 28|LMGTS|align=center|66|Konrad Motorsport|Saleen S7-R|align=center|4:02.090|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:01.331|+28.488
29LMGTS 86Larbre CompétitionChrysler Viper GTS-R4:05.193align=center style=background:#ddd;4:01.927+29.077|-! scope="row" | 30|LMP675|align=center| 23|Team Bucknum Racing|Pilbeam MP91|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:02.753|align=center|4:35.436|+29.910|-! scope="row" | 31|LMGTS |align=center|61|Carsport America|Pagani Zonda GR|align=center|4:19.885|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:04.437|+31.604
32LMGTS68Scorp Motorsport CommunicationChrysler Viper GTS-R4:11.816align=center style=background:#ddd;4:04.822+31.979|-! scope="row" |33|LMGT|align=center|93|Alex Job Racing|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center|4:07.996|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:06.984| +34.141|-! scope="row" | 34|LMGT|align=center| 81|The Racer's Group|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center|4:08.105|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:07.028|+34.186
35LMP90021Edouard SezionaleNorma M2000-2align=center style=background:#ddd;4:08.0814:09.120+34.238|-! scope="row" | 36|LMGT|align=center|87|Orbit Racing|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:10:292|align=center|5:14.276|+37.449|-! scope="row" | 37|LMGT|align=center|78|PK Sport Ltd.|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:11.623|align=center|4:15.722|+38.780
38LMGT94Risi CompetizioneFerrari 360 Modena GT4:12.016align=center style=background:#ddd;4:11.865+39.023|-! scope="row" | 39|LMGT|align=center|77|Team Taisan Advan|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center|4:14.802|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:13.104|+40.261
40LMP67525Gerard WelterWR LMP02align=center style=background:#ddd;4:14.7854:26.336+41.942|-! scope="row" | 41|LMGT|align=center| 95|Risi Competizione|Ferrari 360 Modena GT|align=center|4:18.268|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:15.342|+42.499
42LMGT83Seikel MotorsportPorsche 911 GT3-RS4:18.592align=center style=background:#ddd;4:16.792+43.949|-! scope="row" | 43|LMGT|align=center|92| Dewalt Racesports Salisbury|TVR Tuscan T400R|align=center|4:19.378|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:16.872|+44.029
44LMGT70JMB RacingFerrari 360 Modena GT4:18.161align=center style=background:#ddd;4:17.138+44.295|-! scope="row" | 45|LMGT|align=center|75|Thierry Perrier|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:18.579|align=center|17:59.928|+45.736|-! scope="row" | 46|LMGT|align=center| 85| ST Team Orange Spyker|Spyker C8 Double-12R|align=center| 4:21.473|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:18.887|+46.044|-! scope="row" | 47|LMGT|align=center|99| XL Racing|Ferrari 550 Maranello|align=center|4:21.459|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:20.245|+47.402
48LMGT91Dewalt Racesport SalisburyTVR Tuscan T400R4:23.425align=center style=background:#ddd;4:20.288+47.445|-! scope="row" | 49|LMGT|align=center|84|T2M Motorsport|Porsche 911 GT3-RS|align=center style=background:#ddd;|4:26.499|align=center|22:10.735|+53.656

Notes:

Warm-up

The drivers had a 45-minute warm-up session at 09:00 Central European Summer Time in overcast and cool weather.[33] Bentley stayed fastest with Blundell's No. 8 car lapping at 3 minutes, 35.319 seconds. He was 2.615 seconds faster than the second-placed Bentley No. 7. The Audi Sport UK R8 was third with Champion Racing fourth and Racing for Holland Home fifth. The No. 50 Corvette led the LMGTS field and the TRG Porsche led in LMGT.[33] Shortly after the session began, Romain Dumas' Team Nasamax Reynard experienced an ignition problem caused by a heat leak at the right of the engine's cylinder bank, severely damaging its engine compartment and necessitating a major component change.[34] [35]

Race

Start

Thunderstorms were forecast, and despite an earlier heavy rain shower, the weather at the start of the race was clear. The air temperature approached 28C.[36] Approximately 220,000 people attended the event. Both Bentley Speed 8s underwent checks to their ride heights,[37] Ray Mallock rectified a faulty gearbox that leaked oil in the No. 64 Saleen S7-R, and Kondo Racing replaced the No. 9 Dome S101's V8 engine after a water leak.[38] Don Panoz, the ALMS's founder, waved the French tricolour at 16:00 CEST to signal the start of the race,[39] led by the starting pole sitter Capello's No. 7 Bentley.[36] Following the withdrawal of the Lister Storm LMP, 49 cars were scheduled to start,[40] but the No. 25 Gerard Welter WR LMP02 was in the pit lane with a mechanical fault.[38] Capello maintained his lead, while Lammers' Racing for Holland car passed Magnussen's Team Goh Audi for third. Gavin brought the No. 50 Corvette into the pit lane at the end of the first lap with a throttle linkage issue, losing the car 26 minutes and dropping to last overall.[41] When three privateer Audis passed Lammers, he dropped from second to sixth place as Bentley quickly pulled away from the rest of the field. Herbert briefly led Capello before the No. 8 Bentley made its first pit stop of the race on lap 10. Meanwhile, Intersport's Lola-MG took the lead in LMP675 after the RN Motorsport Zytek developed car trouble and AJR led the LMGT category.[42]

The first hour of racing ended with the first crash, when Richard Stanton's No. 91 TVR Tuscan T400R was hit from behind by a Gerard Walter WR LMP02 car in the Porsche Curves, sending him into the outside concrete barrier at the complex's exit and breaking the car's right-rear suspension, stranding Stanton there.[43] Stanton's repairs to the car's differential to make it driveable for a return to the pit lane were unsuccessful. Soon after, Capello locked the No. 7 Bentley's brakes as he approached the right-hand Mulsanne Corner, slowing to avoid spinning into a gravel trap. He held off Herbert in heavy traffic until Herbert passed him on the 23rd lap to retake the lead. Kristensen took over the No. 7 Bentley from Capello and retook the overall lead from Lehto's Audi R8 three laps later. Brabham's sister No. 8 car was called into the pit lane for a ten-second stop to have a loose door frame fixed. Casper Elgaard was the fastest driver in LMP675 at the time, restoring RN Motorsport Zytek to the class lead.[44] On lap 28, Audi Sport UK instructed Biela to enter the pit lane. A Panoz prototype vehicle to his right prevented him from doing so, forcing him to complete an additional lap.[45] The R8 slowed with a lack of fuel through Mulsanne Corner and was retired at the side of the track after Biela's attempt to weave and keep the car running on its starter failed.[44]

Kristensen almost collided with Jean-Marc Gounon's Courage Compétition Judd exiting the pit lane in the third hour.[46] At Arnage corner, Beppe Gabbiani's Racing for Holland car hit Kelly Collins' No. 50 Corvette, sending both cars spinning. Brabham's No. 8 Bentley passed Werner's Team Goh Audi R8 for second at the Dunlop Curve, but Werner reclaimed the position in slower traffic. Brabham reclaimed second when Werner entered the pit lane, as the RN Motorsport Zytek car lost the LMP675 class lead to Noël del Bello Racing's Reynard car of Didier André while its alternator was changed. After 3 hours and 40 minutes, safety cars were deployed to slow the race because an unknown car laid oil between the Mulsanne and Indianapolis turns.[47] This prompted several cars to pit and brought much of the field closer together.[48] The safety cars separated the field in the main LMP categories, leaving the Bentleys more than 2 minutes and 17 seconds apart, 50 seconds ahead of Werner's Team Goh Audi and another 50 seconds ahead of Stefan Johansson's Champion Racing car.[49] Emmanuel Collard's AJR Porsche was forced into the pits with a faulty gearshift, allowing Buckler's TRG vehicle to take the LMGT lead until Bernhard made an unscheduled pit stop to replace a heavily slipping clutch.[47] Jamie Davies' No. 88 Prodrive Ferrari came to the pit lane for a two-minute stop to fix a water leak, handing the lead to Kelvin Burt's sister No. 80 car.[47]

Night

As night fell, the No. 29 Noël del Bello Racing Reynard car lost the LMP675 lead to the Intersport Racing MG-Lola car, which later saw driver Duncan Dayton spin at the PlayStation chicane but retain the class lead in the class.[50] Tom Coronel's St Team Orange Spyker C8 Double-12R soon stopped at the pit lane entry with clutch failure. He exited the car and pushed it past a white line indicating where his pit crew could help. Coronel was then told by a trackside marshal that he could not push the car any further, and it dropped out of contention for completing the laps required for classification. The lead was 33 seconds between Smith and Capello's No. 7 Bentley and Blundell and Herbert's sister No. 8 car. Pirro's Champion Racing Audi R8 was third with Seiji Ara's Team Goh entry fourth.[50] The LMGTS class was a close battle between the Prodrive pair of Kox and Anthony Davidson,[51] who set nearly identical lap times during the seventh hour.[52] Ron Fellows' No. 53 Corvette equalled their pace until the Ferraris increased their speed.[51] In the eighth hour, Davidson spun into a gravel trap at the PlayStation chicane.[53] The resulting pit stop to change the No. 80 Prodrive Ferrari's tyres and perform a precautionary check lost Davidson two laps and third place in LMGTS to Fellows.[53] [54]

David Saelens' Panoz, the Courage Compétition of Gounon, and Christophe Tinseau's Riley & Scott Mk III C-Ford were all within 20 seconds of each other for eighth place overall. Tinseau dropped out after a routine pit stop, leaving Saelens and Gounon separated by 18 seconds.[53] Herbert's No. 8 Bentley pit stop on lap 116 saw a miscommunication between the mechanic holding a jack and a rear tyre fitter that cost him ten seconds.[53] [54] 1Lammers' Racing for Holland car closed a 15-second gap with its faster pace to pass Olivier Beretta's Riley & Scott Ford for fifth overall 19 laps later.[55] Beretta suffered a puncture after hitting debris on the dirty side of the Mulsanne Straight at 190mph and slowed en route to the pit lane.[56] Fellows' No. 50 Corvette, second in LMGTS, was hampered by a suspected alternator belt failure and entered the pit lane. A broken pulley operating the vehicle's oil pump was discovered by mechanics. They replaced the battery and the support, allowing Fellows to rejoin the circuit fourth in class.[57] Kristensen's No. 7 Bentley made a 1-minute and 40-second pit stop to repair minor damage to the front of the car; he retained the overall lead over Brabham's sister No. 8 car. Luhr's No. 83 AJR Porsche succumbed to elevated oil and water temperatures caused by a sharp rock penetrating its radiator. The radiator was replaced in 24 minutes and five laps, and Luhr lost the LMGT class lead to Kazuyuki Nishizawa's No. 77 Team Taisan Advan car.[58] [59]

Magnussen spun at the Ford chicane, damaging Team Goh's Audi R8's front suspension.[60] He drove the car to the pit lane, where mechanics worked for 8 minutes and 53 seconds to repair it. Werner drove the car back into fourth place.[58] Jean-Luc Maury-Laribière of Noël del Bello Racingspun into a gravel trap at the Dunlop Curves. He recovered with the help of trackside marshals and retained the LMP675 class lead. Soheil Ayari's No. 18 Courage car passed Scott Maxwell's No. 12 Panoz LMP01 Evo car for ninth overall and then pulled away.[61] After Team Taisan Advan made a pit stop to replace the driver's-side door, all three top LMGT cars were within a lap of each other, led by Johnny Mowlem's No. 94 Risi Competizione Ferrari. Mowlem held it until his car's engine failed on the Mulsanne Straight, handing Lieb's Orbit Porsche the class lead.[60] Werner's Team Goh Audi R8 spent 10 minutes and 14 seconds in the garage twice for engine control unit repairs. Werner rejoined 3 minutes and 20 seconds ahead of Andy Wallace's Racing for Holland No. 15 car.[61] [62] As the race neared its halfway point, Smith's No. 7 Bentley lapped two to five seconds faster than Blundell's No. 8 car, extending the vehicle's overall lead to 1 minute and 20 seconds.[61]

Morning to early afternoon

The second-placed car in LMGTS, Davidson's No. 80 Prodrive Ferrari, had a right-front wheel bearing fault in the 12th hour and was sent into a barrier at the end of the Mulsanne Straight.[63] He extricated himself from the vehicle and was attended to by trackside marshals. Davidson was transported by ambulance to the infield medical centre to be examined by circuit doctors. He had bruising and a head concussion after hitting his head against a door, so he was taken to Centre Hospitalier Le Mans for a brain scan.[64] [65] Gavin's No. 50 Corvette C5-R moved to second in LMGTS after the Ferrari was retired. Prodrive requested that Kox, driving the No. 88 Ferrari, enter the pit lane for a precautionary brake check. Soon after, a low voltage indicator warning and no radio communication to the No. 8 Bentley's pit stall forced Blundell to pit for a replacement battery, losing the car two laps to the sister No. 7 entry. The No. 93 AJR Porsche led the field until a front splitter problem forced it into the pit lane for four minutes, handing the position to Lieb's Orbit vehicle. Owing to mechanical attrition among the Porsche 996s in the LMGT category, only two Porsches remained in contention for victory, and Ferrari was unable to challenge them.[66] Front suspension problems for the No. 12 Panoz car and an engine failure curtailing the No. 4 Riley & Scott Mk III C's race promoted the No. 88 Prodrive Ferrari to tenth overall.[66] [67]

Luhr and Maassen's No. 93 AJR Porsche was able to battle Lieb's and later Leo Hindery's No. 87 Orbit car, eventually retaking the LMGT lead it had lost when it entered the pit lane for car repairs.[68] Lammers suffered a left-rear puncture an hour and 20 minutes later, losing control of the No. 15 Racing For Holland car while braking.[68] He spun several times backwards into a gravel trap at the Indianapolis corner, damaging a rear wheel. Track marshals pushed the car back onto the track, and Lammers drove to the pit lane to repair the damage. Gunnar Jeannette's No. 11 Panoz LMP01 Evo locked up and made light contact with the tyre barrier at Arnage corner simultaneously.[69] [70] Brabham made an unscheduled pit stop in the No. 8 Bentley for a second battery replacement. The change took 3 minutes, 32 seconds, and the car returned to the race in second overall. Collins' No. 50 Corvette transmission bearing was replaced in 15 minutes after bowing out of the battle for the LMGTS lead. Lehto's Champion Racing R8 could not take advantage of the No. 8 Bentley's mechanical issues and lost one additional lap after a spin.[68] [69] At the start of the 18th hour, Saelens in the No. 12 Panoz car lost grip through Mulsanne corner and made high-speed left-front contact with a tyre barrier. Saelens was unhurt, but the car's damage forced its retirement.[71]

Maassen's No. 93 AJR Porsche entered the garage with a voltage loss corrected in six minutes by changing the alternator. Maassen returned to the track as the LMGT category leader.[72] Wallace's No. 15 Racing for Holland Dome soon after had a flat battery, dropping the car from fifth to eighth overall.[73] Gabbiani's sister No. 16 car's front-left tyre delaminated, launching carbon fibre debris from the car's front-left corner. The track needed cleaning and several cars had to pit again, necessitating the use of safety cars. Beretta's No. 11 Panoz car benefited the most from the safety car period, passing Jonathan Cochet's No. 13 Courage C60 vehicle on the Mulsanne Straight to finish fifth overall.[71] Towards the end of the 20th hour, the LMP675 class leading Noël del Bello Reynard slowed with a misfiring engine but the car's 35-lap advantage kept it in the category lead.[74] When Ayari's No. 18 Courage C60 began leaking fluids at the rear and entered the pit lane for a 22-minute repair, John Bosch's No. 15 Racing for Holland car reclaimed seventh.[73] [75] With the first four positions stable, attention focused on the battle for fifth place between the No. 11 Panoz LMP01 Evo and the No. 13 Courage C60 cars.[76] Gaël Lasoudier's No. 99 XL Racing Ferrari had an rear engine bay fire at the PlayStation Chicane, causing the third deployment of the safety cars.[75]

Finish

As the safety car period ended, Max Papis's No. 11 Panoz LMP01 Evo car caught and passed Stéphan Grégoire's No. 13 Courage C60 vehicle at Tetre Rouge turn. Fellows overtook his Corvette Racing teammate Collins in the final third of the lap to take second in LMGTS. Collins retook the lead from Fellows two laps later, before a pit stop for fuel, tyres and a driver change. O'Connell relieved Fellows and returned to second with a faster stop than Andy Pilgrim. Jean-Christophe Boullion's No. 17 Pescarolo Courage 60 car caught fire during a pit stop after fuel ignited. The team's mechanics intervened to extinguish the fire, allowing him to continue driving.[75] Johansson's Champion Racing Audi stalled during a pit stop for tyres, fuel, and a driver swap with co-driver Pirro. The problem was fixed by replacing the battery in the car's right-hand corner. It returned to the track in third, ahead of Ara's Team Goh Audi.[77] On the final lap, Lammers' No. 15 Racing for Holland Dome car caught and passed Gounon's No. 13 Courage Compétition C60 vehicle for sixth overall for his team. Meanwhile, Tristan Gommendy crashed at the Indianapolis turn, retiring the No. 16 Racing for Holland car in the pit lane.[78]

Unhindered in the race's final hours, Smith was first in the No. 7 Bentley, two laps ahead of the No. 8 Bentley of Brabham.[78] Audi finished three laps behind with Champion Racing third overall and first in the LMP900 class, in their first defeat at Le Mans since the 2000 edition. Team Goh took fourth.[79] [80] It was Smith and Capello's first Le Mans victory and Kristensen's fifth.[81] Kristensen became the first driver in history to win four consecutive 24 Hours of Le Mans. He also tied Derek Bell's record of five victories and was one win shy of Jacky Ickx's all-time record of six.[82] It was Bentley's sixth overall Le Mans victory and its first since the 1930 race.[83] Prodrive held their ten-lap lead in the LMGTS category,[84] earning Enge, Kox and Davies their first class victories and Ferrari's first in a GT class since the 1981 edition.[85] Corvette Racing completed the class podium with the No. 50 ahead of the No. 53. In the LMGT class, Porsche took the first six places, with AJR winning the category on the team's first visit to Le Mans. Orbit Racing and Thierry Perrier finished second and third in class.[86] Noël del Bello Racing, unchallenged since the night, were victorious in the LMP675 class,[87] 31 laps ahead of the RN Motorsport Zytek and 84 laps in front of Rachel Welter's WR LMP01.[88]

Race results

The minimum number of laps for classification (70 per cent of the overall winning car's race distance) was 264 laps. Class winners are denoted with bold.

! rowspan="2"
ClassTeamDriversChassisTyreTime/Retired
Engine
1LMGTP7 Team Bentley Rinaldo Capello
Tom Kristensen
Guy Smith
Bentley Speed 837724:00:40.928
2LMGTP8 Team Bentley Mark Blundell
David Brabham
Johnny Herbert
Bentley Speed 8375+2 Laps
Bentley 4.0L Turbo V8
3LMP9006 Champion Racing JJ Lehto
Emanuele Pirro
Stefan Johansson
Audi R8372+5 Laps
Audi 3.6L Turbo V8
4LMP9005 Audi Sport Japan Team Goh Seiji Ara
Jan Magnussen
Marco Werner
Audi R8370+7 Laps
Audi 3.6L Turbo V8
5LMP90011 JML Team Panoz Olivier Beretta
Gunnar Jeannette
Max Papis
Panoz LMP01 Evo360+17 Laps
Élan 6L8 6.0L V8
6LMP90015 Racing for Holland Jan Lammers
John Bosch
Andy Wallace
Dome S101360+17 Laps
Judd GV4 4.0L V10
7LMP90013 Courage Compétition Jonathan Cochet
Stéphan Grégoire
Jean-Marc Gounon
Courage C60360+17 Laps
Judd GV4 4.0L V10
8LMP90017 Pescarolo Sport
Franck Lagorce
Stéphane Sarrazin
Courage C60356+21 Laps
Peugeot 3.2L Turbo V6
9LMP90018 Pescarolo Sport Éric Hélary
Nicolas Minassian
Soheil Ayari
Courage C60352+25 Laps
Peugeot 3.2L Turbo V6
10GTS88 Veloqx Prodrive Racing Tomáš Enge
Peter Kox
Jamie Davies
336+41 Laps
11GTS50 Corvette Racing Oliver Gavin
Kelly Collins
Andy Pilgrim
Chevrolet Corvette C5-R326+51 Laps
Chevrolet 7.0L V8
12GTS53 Corvette Racing Ron Fellows
Johnny O'Connell
Franck Fréon
Chevrolet Corvette C5-R326+51 Laps
Chevrolet 7.0L V8
13LMP9009 Kondo Racing Masahiko Kondō
Ukyo Katayama
Ryō Fukuda
Dome S101322+55 Laps
Mugen MF408S 4.0L V8
14GT93 Alex Job Racing
Petersen Motorsports
Sascha Maassen
Emmanuel Collard
Lucas Luhr
Porsche 911 GT3-RS320+57 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
15LMP67529 Noël del Bello Racing
Christophe Pillon
Didier André
Reynard 2KQ-LM319+58 Laps
16GTS86 Larbre Compétition Patrice Goueslard
Christophe Bouchut
Steve Zacchia
Chrysler Viper GTS-R317+60 Laps
Chrysler 8.0L V10
17GT87 Orbit Racing Leo Hindery Jr.
Peter Baron
Marc Lieb
Porsche 911 GT3-RS314+63 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
18GT75 Thierry Perrier
Perspective Racing
Michel Neugarten
Nigel Smith
Ian Khan
Porsche 911 GT3-RS305+72 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
19GT77 Team Taisan Advan Atsushi Yogo
Akira Iida
Kazuyuki Nishizawa
Porsche 911 GT3-RS304+73 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
20GT81 The Racer's Group Kevin Buckler
Timo Bernhard
Jörg Bergmeister
Porsche 911 GT3-RS304+73 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
21GTS72 Luc Alphand Aventures Luc Alphand
Jérôme Policand
Frédéric Dor
Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello298+79 Laps
Ferrari F133 6.0L V12
22LMP67526 RN Motorsport Ltd. John Nielsen
Hayanari Shimoda
Casper Elgaard
DBA4 03S288+89 Laps
Zytek ZG348 3.4L V8
23GT78 PK Sport, Ltd. Robin Liddell
David Warnock
Piers Masarati
Porsche 911 GT3-RS285+92 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
24LMP90019 Automotive Durango SRL Sylvain Boulay
Michele Rugolo
Jean-Bernard Bouvet
Durango LMP1277+100 Laps
Judd GV4 4.0L V10
25GT70 JMB Racing David Terrien
Fabrizio de Simone
Fabio Babini
Ferrari 360 Modena GT273+104 Laps
Ferrari F131 3.6L V8
26GT94 Risi Competizione Anthony Lazzaro
Ralf Kelleners
Terry Borcheller
Ferrari 360 Modena GT269+108 Laps
Ferrari F131 3.6L V8
27GT84 T2M Motorsport Vanina Ickx
Roland Bervillé
Patrick Bourdais
Porsche 911 GT3-RS264+113 Laps
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
28
GTS64 Graham Nash Motorsport
Ray Mallock Ltd.
Pedro Chaves
Thomas Erdos
Mike Newton
Saleen S7-R292Incomplete final lap
(Engine)
Ford 7.0L V8
29
LMP67524 Rachel Welter Yojiro Terada
Olivier Porta
Gavin Pickering
WR LMP01235Insufficient distance
Peugeot 2.0L Turbo I4
30
GT85 ST Team Orange Spyker Norman Simon
Tom Coronel
Hans Hugenholtz
Spyker C8 Double-12R229Insufficient distance
Audi 4.0L V8
31
LMP90016 Racing for Holland Felipe Ortiz
Beppe Gabbiani
Tristan Gommendy
Dome S101316Accident
Judd GV4 4.0L V10
32
LMP90012 JML Team Panoz Benjamin Leuenberger
David Saelens
Scott Maxwell
Panoz LMP01 Evo233Accident
Élan 6L8 6.0L V8
33
GTS68 Luis Marques
Olivier Thévenin
Dominique Dupuy
Chrysler Viper GTS-R229Engine
Chrysler 8.0L V10
34
GT99 XL Racing Ange Barde
Michel Ferté
Gaël Lasoudier
Ferrari 550 Maranello227Fire
Ferrari F131 5.5L V12
35
LMP9004 Riley & Scott Racing Jim Matthews
Marc Goossens
Christophe Tinseau
Riley & Scott Mk III C214Engine
Ford (Yates) 6.0L V8
36
LMP67525 Gerard Welter Bastien Brière

Stéphane Daoudi
WR LMP02176Engine
Peugeot 3.0L V6
37
GTS80 Veloqx Prodrive Racing Anthony Davidson
Kelvin Burt
Darren Turner
Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello176Accident
Ferrari F131 5.9L V12
38
LMP90014 Team Nasamax
McNeil Engineering
Romain Dumas
Robbie Sterling
Werner Lupberger
Reynard 01Q138Fire
Cosworth XDE 2.7L Turbo V8
(Bioethanol)
39
GT95 Risi Competizione Shane Lewis
Butch Leitzinger
Johnny Mowlem
Ferrari 360 Modena GT138Engine
Ferrari F133 3.6L V8
40
GT83 Seikel Motorsport Anthony Burgess
David Shep
Andrew Bagnall
Porsche 911 GT3-RS134Gearbox
Porsche 3.6L Flat-6
41
LMP67527 Intersport Racing Jon Field
Duncan Dayton
Rick Sutherland
MG-Lola EX257107Engine
MG (AER) XP20 2.0L Turbo I4
42
GT92 DeWalt Racesports Salisbury Mike Jordan
Michael Caine
Tim Sugden
TVR Tuscan T400R93Gearbox
TVR Speed Six 4.0L I6
43
GTS66 Konrad Motorsport Franz Konrad
Toni Seiler
Walter Brun
Saleen S7-R91Gearbox
Ford 7.0L V8
44
LMP90021 Edouard Sezionale Patrice Roussel
Edouard Sezionale
Lucas Lasserre
Norma M2000-282Engine
Ford (Roush) 6.0L V8
45
LMP67531 Courage Compétition David Hallyday
Philippe Alliot
Carl Rosenblad
Courage C6541Engine
JPX 3.4L V6
46
LMP90010 Audi Sport UK
Arena Motorsport
Frank Biela
Perry McCarthy
Mika Salo
Audi R828Fuel
Audi 3.6L Turbo V8
47
LMP67523 Team Bucknum Racing Jeff Bucknum
Bryan Willman
Chris McMurry
Pilbeam MP9127Engine
JPX 3.4L V6
48
GT91 DeWalt Racesport Salisbury Rob Barff
Richard Hay
Richard Stanton
TVR Tuscan T400R11Crash
TVR Speed Six 4.0L I6
49
GTS61 Carsport America Mike Hezemans
Anthony Kumpen
David Hart
Pagani Zonda GR10Gearbox
Mercedes-Benz AMG 6.0L V12
DNSLMP90020 Lister Racing Jamie Campbell-Walter
Nathan Kinch
Vincent Vosse
Lister Storm LMPDid not start
Chevrolet LS1 6.0L V8
Key
Symbol Tyre manufacturer
Dunlop
Goodyear
Michelin
Pirelli
Yokohama

Notes and References

  1. News: Audi and Bentley gear up for monumental Le Mans battle Famous endurance test is still world's greatest race. McGill. Jim. 14 June 2003. The Herald. 17 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617070022/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/11986922.audi-and-bentley-gear-up-for-monumental-le-mans-battle-famous-endurance-test-is-still-worlds-greatest-race/. 17 June 2019. live.
  2. Encyclopedia: 24 Hours of Le Mans. Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 July 2021. Augustyn. Adam. 17 June 2019. C. Shepherd. Melinda. Chauhan. Yamini. Levy. Michael. Lotha. Gloria. Tikkanen. Amy. live. 21 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210821070332/https://www.britannica.com/sports/24-Hours-of-Le-Mans.
  3. Book: O'Kane, Philip. Hassan. David. The History of Motor Sport: A Case Study Analysis. A History of the 'Triple Crown' of Motor Racing: The Indianapolis 500, the Le Mans 24 Hours and the Monaco Grand Prix . 2012. Routledge. Abingdon, Oxfordshire. 105–109. 978-0-415-67788-2. Open Library. registration.
  4. Web site: Competitor Information: 2003 Regulations: Appendix A. 3 October 2002. Automobile Club de l'Ouest. https://web.archive.org/web/20030315135624/http://www.mulsannescorner.com/ACOrglement2003annexea.pdf. 15 March 2003. live. 17 June 2019.
  5. Web site: Le Mans – White Lines (Kerbs) & Things. Legangneux. David. 4 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617101420/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/news/lemans/2003lemans/lemans146.htm. 17 June 2019. live. 17 June 2019.
  6. Web site: Le Mans Accepts 72 Entries for 24 Hours. 4 March 2003. Speed. https://web.archive.org/web/20030331132917/http://www.speedtv.com/articles/auto/roadracing/5373/. 31 March 2003. dead. 17 June 2019.
  7. Web site: Le Mans in 2003 beckons for Petit winners. Wilkins. Robert. 17 October 2002. Crash. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617175358/https://www.crash.net/alms/news/131945/1/le-mans-in-2003-beckons-for-petit-winners. 17 June 2019. dead. 17 June 2019.
  8. Web site: 24 Heures du Mans 2003: Supplementary Regulations. 18 December 2002. Automobile Club de l'Ouest. 6–7 & 11–12. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20030315065630/http://www.lemans.org/sport/pdf/2003_24H_REGULATIONS_GB.pdf. 15 March 2003. 17 June 2019.
  9. Web site: Audi boss confirms Le Mans pull-out. 22 November 2002. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617202528/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/21307. 17 June 2019. live. 17 June 2019.
  10. Web site: Fifty selected cars announced for Le Mans. 25 March 2003. Autoweek. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617073838/https://autoweek.com/article/car-news/fifty-selected-cars-announced-le-mans. 17 June 2019. live. 17 June 2019.
  11. News: A propos de la sélection pour les 24 Heures : 3 questions à Michel Cosson: " On a pris les cinquante meilleurs ". Virfeu. Jean-Claude. 1 April 2003. Ouest-France. 17 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20050710115137/http://www.ouest-france.fr/Dossiers/24heures2003_autoactu.asp?IdArt=64413&IdThe=&IdCla=3794&NomCla=Les+24+heures+du+Mans+auto&PageCour=1&PageTot=2. 10 July 2005. dead. fr.
  12. Web site: Following the LM Entry Saga. 2 April 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617182926/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/news/lemans/2003lemans/lemans050.htm. 17 June 2019. live. 17 June 2019.
  13. Web site: 'Green fuel' to challenge for pole at Le Mans. 5 February 2003. Crash. https://web.archive.org/web/20190618082820/https://www.crash.net/le-mans/news/140187/1/green-fuel-to-challenge-for-pole-at-le-mans. 18 June 2019. live. 18 June 2019.
  14. Web site: Bio-ethanol at Le Mans – raising the profile of 'renewable' fuels. Wagstaff. Ian. 26 June 2003. Just-Auto.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617192224/https://www.just-auto.com/analysis/bio-ethanol-at-le-mans-raising-the-profile-of-renewable-fuels_id87084.aspx. 17 June 2019. live. 17 June 2019.
  15. Web site: Prodrive set the GTS class pace. Wilkins. Robert. 5 May 2003. Crash. https://web.archive.org/web/20190618082825/https://www.crash.net/le-mans/news/140233/1/prodrive-set-the-gts-class-pace. 18 June 2019. live. 18 June 2019.
  16. Web site: Bentleys, Audis lead the way in preliminaries. 4 May 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190618082821/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentleys-audis-lead-the-way-in-preliminaries/121801/. 18 June 2019. live. 18 June 2019.
  17. Web site: Biela unhurt in major accident. 6 May 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190618082821/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/22858. 18 June 2019. live. 18 June 2019.
  18. Web site: Le Mans Test Day Round Up. 5 May 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190617113738/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/news/lemans/2003lemans/lemans107.htm. 17 June 2019. live. 18 June 2019.
  19. Web site: Qualifying 1: Bentleys dominate. 11 June 2003. Autosport. live. https://archive.today/20190618141443/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23335. 18 June 2019. 18 June 2019.
  20. Web site: Bentley fast for first qualifying, part one. 12 June 2003. motorsport.com. live. 18 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20200411141306/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentley-fast-for-first-qualifying-part-one/126445/. 11 April 2020.
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  22. Web site: Wednesday Qualifying Report – GTS & GT. 11 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125143/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/wednesday_gtgts.htm. 5 June 2019. dead. 18 June 2019.
  23. Web site: Kristensen turns two quick laps to take provisional pole. 12 June 2003. motorsport.com. 18 June 2003. https://archive.today/20220202141903/https://us.motorsport.com/lemans/news/kristensen-turns-two-quick-laps-to-take-provisional-pole/1046566/?nrt=102. 2 February 2022. live.
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  29. Web site: Qualifying 3: No change at the top. Autosport. 12 June 2003. 18 June 2019. https://archive.today/20190618195904/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23356. 18 June 2019. live.
  30. Web site: Bentleys on front row for 24 Hours of Le Mans. motorsport.com. 14 June 2003. 18 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200411141459/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentleys-on-front-row-for-24-hours-of-le-mans/126547/. 11 April 2020.
  31. Web site: Thomas. Barry. Bentley Secure Front Row. Eurosport. 13 June 2003. 18 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20030708222404/http://eurosport.com/home/pages/V3/L0/S76/E5522/sport_Lng0_Spo76_Evt5522_Sto444685.shtml. 8 July 2003. dead.
  32. Web site: Final qualifying: Kristensen holds pole. Autosport. 12 June 2003. 18 June 2019. https://archive.today/20190618200108/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23358. 18 June 2019. live.
  33. Web site: Warm-up: Blundell fastest. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190623082023/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23389. 23 June 2019. live. 19 June 2019.
  34. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Race Morning Warmup. 14 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125337/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/satwarmup.htm. 5 June 2019. live. 19 June 2019.
  35. Web site: Heat leak hits Team Nasamax. 14 June 2003. Crash. 19 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20050124213234/http://www.crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68413. 24 January 2005. dead.
  36. Web site: The race is go!. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620080548/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23398. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  37. Web site: Le Mans 2003 is go!!. 14 June 2003. Crash. https://web.archive.org/web/20030915024702/http://www.crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68317. 15 September 2003. dead. 20 June 2019.
  38. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 1 – 3. 14 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620051601/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans1_3.htm. 20 June 2019. dead. 20 June 2019.
  39. Web site: 80th Le Mans 24 Hours: Engine Failure Ends AMECO's Charge Into GT Class Lead at Le Mans. 16 June 2003. ItaliaSpeed.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20031007040830/http://www.italiaspeed.com/news_2003_sportscars/news_089_lemans_acemco_result.html. 7 October 2003. dead. 20 June 2019.
  40. Web site: 80° édition: 49 voitures au départ. Spirit Of. fr. 13 June 2003. 25 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20030625192413/http://www.spiritof.com.fr/spirit%20of/spirit3/LM/lm2003/audepart.htm. 25 June 2003. dead.,
  41. Web site: Early hiccup for defending GTS champs. 14 June 2003. Crash. https://web.archive.org/web/20050124213130/http://www.crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68331. 24 January 2005. dead. 20 June 2019.
  42. Web site: Hour 1: Bentley leads the way. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620080548/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23398. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  43. Web site: 14 June 2003 . TVR challenged halved inside one hour? . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20050124213133/http://www.crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68336 . 24 January 2005 . 20 June 2019 . Crash.
  44. Web site: No. 8 Bentley survives, but Biela comes up empty. 15 June 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620151125/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/no-8-bentley-survives-but-biela-comes-up-empty/126729/. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  45. Web site: Frank Biela: out of gas.... Hergault. Julien. Light. Tony. 30 October 2013. Automobile Club de l'Ouest. https://web.archive.org/web/20161105225329/https://www.lemans.org/en/news/frank-biela-out-of-gas/12954. 5 November 2016. live. 20 June 2019.
  46. Web site: Bentley has close call but maintains lead. 15 June 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620194113/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentley-has-close-call-but-maintains-lead/126740/. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  47. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 4 – 6. 14 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620084741/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans4_6.htm. 20 June 2019. dead. 20 June 2019.
  48. Web site: Hour 4: Oil on the track. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620194116/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23405. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  49. Web site: Oil spill at Mulsanne brings out safety cars. 15 June 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620194116/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/oil-spill-at-mulsanne-brings-out-safety-cars/126749/. 20 June 2019. live. 20 June 2019.
  50. Web site: Bentley leads the way into darkness. 15 June 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621091612/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentley-leads-the-way-into-darkness/126788/. 21 June 2019. live. 21 June 2019.
  51. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 7 – 9. 14 June 2003. DailySportsCar. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621090022/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans7_9.htm. 21 June 2019. dead. 21 June 2019.
  52. Web site: Hour 7: Green and red in the dark. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621192016/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23421. 21 June 2019. live. 21 June 2019.
  53. Web site: Pit confusion adds to Herbert's woes, still trails Capello. 15 June 2003. motorsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621192013/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/pit-confusion-adds-to-herbert-s-woes-still-trails-capello/126809/. 21 June 2019. live. 21 June 2019.
  54. Web site: Hour 8: dropping like flies. 14 June 2003. Autosport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621192016/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23421. 21 June 2019. live. 21 June 2019.
  55. Web site: Jan Lammers flies into fifth, Bentleys still lead. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 21 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621205314/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/jan-lammers-flies-into-fifth-bentleys-still-lead/126821/. 21 June 2019.
  56. Web site: Beretta dodges a bullet. Crash. 15 June 2003. 21 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621205323/https://www.crash.net/le-mans/news/140328/1/beretta-dodges-a-bullet. 21 June 2019.
  57. Le Mans Nine-Hour Report: Corvette On The Move. Corvette Racing. 14 June 2003. 21 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20030820112850/http://corvetteracing.com/race_news/racenews_set.htm. 20 August 2003. dead.
  58. Web site: Audis attack, falter in the wee hours. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 21 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621205310/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/audis-attack-falter-in-the-wee-hours/126838/. 21 June 2019.
  59. Web site: AJR strikes problems. 15 June 2003. Crash. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20050124211107/http://www.crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68430. 24 January 2005. 20 June 2019.
  60. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 10 – 12. DailySportsCar. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200931/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans10_12.htm. 21 June 2019. dead.
  61. Web site: Kristensen, Smith hang on to lead at midway point. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622093646/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/kristensen-smith-hang-on-to-lead-at-midway-point/126873/. 22 June 2019.
  62. Web site: Hour 12: Battles everywhere but the front. Autosport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622093644/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23426. 22 June 2019.
  63. Web site: 2003 24 Heures du Le Mans. European Car. 20 February 2009. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622083148/http://www.superstreetonline.com/event-coverage/motorsports/0309ec-2003-lemans. 22 June 2019. live.
  64. Web site: Davidson bruised but otherwise okay. Crash. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622093646/https://www.crash.net/le-mans/news/140330/1/davidson-bruised-but-otherwise-okay. 22 June 2019.
  65. News: Bentley power to first 24-hour victory in seven decades. Allsop. Derick. 16 June 2003. The Independent. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622203701/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing/bentley-power-to-first-24-hour-victory-in-seven-decades-109016.html. 22 June 2019. live.
  66. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 13 – 15. DailySportsCar. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622081838/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans13_15.htm. 22 June 2019. live.
  67. Web site: Hour 16: It's easy being green. Autosport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622093646/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23431. 22 June 2019.
  68. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 16 – 18. DailySportsCar. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125349/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans16_18.htm. 5 June 2019. dead.
  69. Web site: Bentley motors on. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131151/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentley-motors-on/126908/. 22 June 2019.
  70. Web site: Hour 17: Lammers spins but survives. Autosport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131158/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23433. 22 June 2019.
  71. Web site: Safety cars back out before high noon. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131152/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/safety-cars-back-out-before-high-noon/126919/. 22 June 2019.
  72. Alex Job Racing – Petersen Motorsports/White Lightining Racing: Fifth Report (8:30 a.m. – 1:30 p.m.). Alex Job Racing. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20030626124508/http://www.alexjobracing.com/03_lemans/0615c.htm. 26 June 2003. dead.
  73. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 19 – 21. DailySportsCar. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622102945/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans19_21.htm. 22 June 2019. live.
  74. Web site: Hour 20: Drama at high noon. Autosport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131157/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23437. 22 June 2019.
  75. Web site: Bentleys, Audis hold station into the final two hours. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131156/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/bentleys-audis-hold-station-into-the-final-two-hours/126933/. 22 June 2019.
  76. Web site: Hour 21: Bentley closes on win. Autosport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622131151/http://classic.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/23443. 22 June 2019.
  77. Web site: Final hour begins at Le Mans. motorsport.com. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622184253/https://www.motorsport.com/lemans/news/final-hour-begins-at-le-mans/126938/. 22 June 2019.
  78. Web site: The 71st Le Mans 24 Hours: Hours 22 – 24. DailySportsCar. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125423/http://archive.dailysportscar.com/subscribers/lemans/2003/qual_race/71lemans22_24.htm. 5 June 2019. dead.
  79. Web site: Privateer Audi proud of podium. Crash. 16 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20040127163353/http://crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68636. 27 January 2004. dead.
  80. The 2003 season in review. Audi Media Center. 27 November 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622184256/https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/press-releases/the-2003-season-in-review-8705. 22 June 2019.
  81. Web site: 15 June 2003. Historic 1–2 for Bentley. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20030617213140/http://www.eurosport.com/home/pages/V3/L0/S76/E5522/sport_Lng0_Spo76_Evt5522_Sto445506.shtml. 17 June 2003. 22 June 2019. Eurosport.
  82. Web site: Bentley's historic Le Mans win. Car Magazine. 16 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622151535/https://www.carmag.co.za/news-blog/bentleys-historic-le-mans-win/https://web.archive.org/web/20190622151535/https://www.carmag.co.za/news-blog/bentleys-historic-le-mans-win/. 22 June 2019. live.
  83. Web site: Bentley claim Le Mans crown. BBC Sport. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20040704063222/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/2986658.stm. 4 July 2004.
  84. Web site: First Ferrari GT victory at Le Mans since 1974 – looking forward to UK FIA GT Race on 29 June. Classic Driver. 18 June 2003. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622184251/https://www.classicdriver.com/en/article/first-ferrari-gt-victory-le-mans-1974-looking-forward-uk-fia-gt-race-29-june. 22 June 2019.
  85. News: LM GTS: Ferrari redore son prestigieux blason. Panighini. Phillipe. 16 June 2003. Ouest-France. 23 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20050710044551/http://www.ouest-france.fr/Dossiers/24heures2003_autoactu.asp?IdArt=76835&IdThe=&IdCla=3794&NomCla=Les+24+heures+du+Mans+auto&PageCour=1&PageTot=2. 10 July 2005. dead. fr.
  86. Web site: Porsche rivals combine for Le Mans win. Crash. 15 June 2003. 22 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20040127205518/http://crash.net/uk/en/news_view.asp?cid=28&nid=68548. 27 January 2004. dead.
  87. News: LMP 675. – Nouvelle victoire de la Reynard-Lehmann: Noël Del Bello double la mise. Virfeu. Boris. 16 June 2003. Ouest-France. 23 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20050710115408/http://www.ouest-france.fr/Dossiers/24heures2003_autoactu.asp?IdArt=76836&IdThe=&IdCla=3794&NomCla=Les+24+heures+du+Mans+auto&PageCour=1&PageTot=2. 10 July 2005. dead. fr.
  88. Web site: 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans. Racing-Reference. 22 June 2019. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606022853/https://www.racing-reference.info/race/2003-05/X. 6 June 2019.