2002 in paleontology explained

Plants

Gymnosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Ginkgo dissecta^[1]	Sp nov	Valid	Mustoe	Early Eocene	McAbee site, Kamloops Group	Canada
Pinus matthewsii^[2]	Sp nov	Valid	McKown, Stockey, & Schweger	Pliocene	Ch'ijee's Bluff, Bluefish Basin	Canada

Angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Hymenaea mexicana^[3]	sp nov	Valid	Poinar & Brown	Late Oligocene - early Miocene	Mexican amber	Mexico	A species of Hymenaea, producer of Mexican amber
Trifurcatua flabellata^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mohr & Rydin	Lower Cretaceous	Crato Formation	Brazil	putative monocot

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cretomerobius wehri^[5]	Sp nov.	Jr synonym	Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	United States	A drepanepterygine brown lacewing. Moved to Proneuronema wehri in 2016^[6]
Dolichoderus kohlsi^[7]	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A dolichoderine ant.
Dolichoderus longipilosus^[8]	Sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber		A Dolichoderine ant
Dolichoderus nanus	Sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber		A Dolichoderine ant
Eoformica globularis	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A ant of uncertain placement.
Eoformica magna	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A ant of uncertain placement.
Fibla (Reisserella) cerdanica^[9]	Comb nov	Valid	(Nel)	Late Miocene			An inocellid snakefly, moved from Miofibla Nel, 1994
Formica gustawi^[10]	Sp nov	valid	Dlussky	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber		A formicine ant
Klondikia	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation		An ant form genus of uncertain placement. Type species K. whiteae
Kohlsimyrma	Gen et 2 sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		An ant form genus of uncertain placement. Type species K. laticeps also includes K. gracilis and K. longiceps
Mianeuretus eocenicus	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		An aneuretine ant
Myrmecites	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A myrmicine ant form genus. Type species M. rotundiceps
Pachycondyla labandeirai	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A ponerine ant.
Ponerites	Gen, 3 sp et 1 comb nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A ponerine ant form genus. Type species P. eocenicus Also includes P. coloradensis, P. hypoponeroides, & P. umbrus (moved from Ponera umbrus 1932)
Proiridomyrmex	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Dlusskys & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A dolichoderine ant form genus Type species P. vetulus
Solenopsites	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Dlussky & Rasnitsyn	Ypresian	Green River Formation		A myrmicine ant form genus. Type species S. minutus
Wesmaelius mathewesi	sp. nov	valid	Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald	Ypresian	Coldwater Formation		first description of fossil Wesmaelius

Conodonts

New taxa

Archosauromorphs

Dinosaurs

New taxa

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[12]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agnosphitys^[13]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Fraser, Padian, Walkden, & Davis	late Triassic			A possible chimera
Anabisetia^[14]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Coria & Calvo	Late Cretaceous	Cerro Lisandro Formation		An Iguanodont
Aucasaurus^[15]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Coria, Chiappe, & Dingus	Santonian	Anacleto Formation		An Abelisaurid
"Byranjaffia"^[16]	gen nov	Nomen nudum	Novacek	Late Cretaceous			Officially named Byronosaurus
Crichtonsaurus^[17]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Dong	Late Cretaceous	Sunjiawan Formation		An ankylosaurid
"Cryptovolans"^[18]	gen et sp nov	Junior synonym	Czerkas, Zhang, Li, & Li		Jiufotang Formation		Jr synonym of Microraptor
"Epidendrosaurus"^[19]	gen et sp nov	junior synonym	Zhang, Zhou, Xu, & Wang	Late Jurassic	Yixian Formation		jr synonym of Scansoriopteryx
Erliansaurus^[20]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et al.	Late Cretaceous	Iren Dabasu Formation		A Therizinosauroid
"Fusinasus"^[21]	gen et sp nov	Junior synonym of Eotyrannus	Hutt	Early Cretaceous	Wessex Formation		Jr synonym of Eotyrannus
"Huaxiasaurus"		Nomen nudum	Rey				Officially named Huaxiagnathus in 2004
Incisivosaurus^[22]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu, Wang, & Chang	Barremian	Yixian Formation		An Oviraptorosaurid
Liaoceratops^[23]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et al.	Berremian	Yixian Formation		A Ceratopsian
Pycnonemosaurus^[24]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Kellner & Campos	Bauru-type red conglomerate sandstone	Maastrichtian		An Abelisaurid
Scansoriopteryx^[25]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Yuan	Late Jurassic	Yixian Formation		Possible junior synonym of Epidendrosaurus
Sinovenator^[26]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Xu et al.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A Troodontid
Sphaerotholus^[27]	Gen. 2 sp. nov	Valid	Williamson & Carr	Late Cretaceous	Kirtland Formation, Hell Creek Formation		A pachycephalosaurine; originally described with two species, S. goodwini and S. buchholtzae.

Birds

New taxa

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Adelalopus ^[28]	Valid	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Mayr & Smith	Early Oligocene	Borgloon Formation		A palaelodid Type species A. hoogbutseliensis
Aegialornis germanicus ^[29]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mlíkovský	Middle Eocene			An Aegialornithid
Archaeotrogon nocturnus	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mlíkovský	Eocene or Early Oligocene	Phosphorites du Quercy		An archaeotrogonid
Athene trinacriae ^[30]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Pavia & Mourer-Chauviré	Pleistocene			A strigid owl.
Belonopterus downsi ^[31]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Campbell, Jr.	Late Pleistocene	La Brea Tar Pits		A charadriid lapwing.
Camusia quintanai ^[32]	Valid	Gen. et Sp. nov.	Seguí	Pliocene	Vroeg-Midden		A gruid crane.
Cathayornis aberransis ^[33]	?Valid	Sp. nov.	Hou, Zhou, Zhang, & Gu	Valanginian	Jiufotang Formation		A cathayornithid
Cimolopteryx petra ^[34]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Hope	Maastrichtian	Lance Formation		A cimolopterygid moved to Lamarqueavis petra in 2010^[35]
Collocalia manuoi ^[36]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steadman	Quaternary			An apodid swiftlet.
Colymboides belgicus	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mayr & Smith	Early Oligocene	Borgloon Formation		A gaviid.
Delphinornis arctowskii ^[37]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Myrcha et al.	Eocene	La Meseta Formation		A spheniscid penguin.
Delphinornis gracilis	Valid	Comb. nov.	(Wiman)	Eocene	La Meseta Formation		A spheniscid penguin Moved from Ichtyopteryx gracilis (1905)
Enaliornis seeleyi ^[38]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Galton & Martin	Early Cretaceous			An enaliornithid
Eocathayornis ^[39]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Zhou	Valanginian	Jiufotang Formation		An enantiornithelian, Type species E. walkeri
Giganhinga ^[40]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Rinderknecht & Noriega	Pliocene-Pleistocene	San José Formation		An anhingid Type species G. kiyuensis
Gigantohierax ^[41]	Valid	Gen et Sp. nov.	Arredondo & Arredondo	Quaternary	Cave deposits		An Accipitridae Type species G. suarezi
Halimornis ^[42]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Chiappe, Lamb Jr., & Ericson	Early-Middle Campanian	Mooreville Chalk Formation		An Euenantiornithalean Type species H. thompsoni
Hesperornis bairdi ^[43]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Martin & Lim	Campanian	Pierre Shale Formation		A hesperornithid
Hesperornis chowi	Valid	Sp. nov.	Martin & Lim	Campanian	Pierre Shale Formation		A hesperornithid
Hesperornis macdonaldi	Valid	Sp. nov.	Martin & Lim	Campanian	Pierre Shale Formation		A hesperornithid
Hesperornis mengeli	Valid	Sp. nov.	Martin & Lim	Campanian	Pierre Shale Formation		A hesperornithid
?Idiornis anthracinus ^[44]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mayr	Middle Eocene			A cuculid cuckoo Moved to Dynamopterus anthracinus (2013)^[45]
Jeholornis ^[46]	Valid	Gen et Sp. nov.	Zhou & Zhang	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation		A jeholornithid Type species J. prima
Jiliniornis ^[47]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Hou & Ericson	Middle Eocene	Huadian Formation		A charadriid Type species J. huadianensis
Jinzhouornis	jr synonym	Gen et 2 Sp. nov.	Hou, Zhou, Zhang, & Gu	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A confuciusornithid Type species J. yixianensis, also included J. zhangjiyingia Genus and species synonymized with Confuciusornis sanctus 2018^[48]
Jixiangornis ^[49]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Ji et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation		An avialaen Type species J. orientalis
Larus utunui ^[50]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steadman	Subrecent			A larid gull.
Marambiornis	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Myrcha et al.	Eocene	La Meseta Formation		A penguin Type species M. exilis
Masillastega ^[51]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Mayr	Early Middle Eocene	Messel Formation		A sulid Type species M. rectirostris	thumb|center|upright|Masillastega rectirostris
Mesetaornis	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Myrcha et al.	Eocene	La Meseta Formation		A penguin. Type species M. polaris
Miodytes serbicus ^[52]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Dimitreijevich, Gál, & Kessler	Early Miocene	Valjevo Basin		A podicipedid grebe.
Novacaesareala ^[53]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Parris & Hope	Early Danian	Hornerstown Formation		A possible torotigid Type species N. hungerfordi
Oligosylphe	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Mayr & Smith	Early Oligocene	Borgloon Formation		A sylphornithid Type species O. mourerchauvireae
Omnivoropteryx^[54]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Czerkas & Ji	Early Cretaceous	Jiufutang Formation		An Omvivoropterygidae Type species O. sinousaorum
Oxyura doksana	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mlíkovský	Early Miocene			A possible sea duck.
Paraortygoides radagasti ^[55]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Dyke * Gulas	Early Eocene	London Clay		A gallinuloidid
Parasarcoramphus ^[56]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Mourer-Chauviré	Bartonian-Late Oligocene	Phosphorites du Quercy		A cathartid. Type species P. milneedwardsi
Plesiocathartes geiselensis ^[57]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mayr	Middle Eocene			A leptosomiformean.
Plesiocathartes kelleri^[58]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel Formation		A Leptosomiformean.
Polarornis ^[59]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Chatterjee	Late Cretaceous	López de Bertodano Formation Seymour Island		A vegaviid^[60] Type species P. gregorii
Sapeornis^[61]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Zhou & Zhang	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation		A omnivoropterygid Type species S. chaoyangensis
Septentrogon ^[62]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Kristoffersen	Ypresian	Fur Formation		A trogonid Type species S. madseni
Shenzhouraptor ^[63]	valid	Gen et sp nov.	Ji et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation		An Avialae. Type species S. sinensis
Spheniscus urbinai ^[64]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Stucchi	Late Miocene-Early Pliocene	Pisco Formation		A spheniscid penguin.
Taubatornis ^[65]	Valid	Gen et sp nov.	Olson & de Alvarenga	Late Oligocene or Early Miocene	Tremembé Formation		A teratorn Type species T. campbelli
Teratornis olsoni ^[66]	jr synonym	Sp. nov.	Arredondo & Arredondo	Pleistocene	Cave deposits		A teratorn Moved to Oscaravis olsoni in 2009^[67]
Teratornis woodburnensis ^[68]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Campbell & Stenger	Late Pleistocene		United States	A teratorn
Teviornis ^[69]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Kurochkin, Dyke, & Karhu	Maastrichtian	Nemegt Formation		A presbyornithid Type species T. gobiensis
Tyto balearica cyrneichnusae ^[70]	Valid	Subsp. nov.	Louchart	Late Pleistocene			A tytonid owl subspecies.

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Edgarosaurus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Druckenmiller	Albian	Thermopolis Shale		A polycotylid Type species E. muddi
Kaiwhekea	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Cruickshank & Fordyce	Maastrichtian	Katiki Formation		An aristonectine elasmosaurid Type species K. katiki
Vinialesaurus	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Gasparini et al.	Oxfordian	Jagua Formation		A cryptoclidid Type species V. caroli Moved from Cryptocleidus caroli (1949)

Pterosaurs

In October, a partial Mesadacylus wing was discovered in the Kingsview Quarry of Colorado. This find marks the first time that a Morrison pterosaur has been found at more than one site in the formation.^[71]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Austriadactylus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Dalla Vecchia, Wild, & Reitner	Late Triassic	Seefelder Beds
Hatzegopteryx^[72]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Buffetaut, Grigorescu, & Csiki	Late Cretaceous	Densuș-Ciula Formation		possibly a jr synonym of Quetzalcoatlus
Jeholopterus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Wang & Zhou	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds
Piksi	gen et sp nov	Valid	Varricchio	Late Cretaceous	Two Medicine Formation		At first thought to be a bird, but subsequently reinterpreted as a pterosaur, likely a member of Ornithocheiroidea.^[73]
Pterorhynchus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Ji	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds
Thalassodromeus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Kellner & Campos	early Cretaceous	Santana Formation
Utahdactylus	gen et sp nov	Valid	Czerkas & Mickelson	Late Jurassic	Morrison Formation, Utah

Lepidosauromorphs

Squamates

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
"Lakumasaurus"^[74]	Gen et sp nov	Jr synonym	Novas et al.	Late Campanian	Santa Marta Formation
Prognathodon currii^[75]	Sp nov	Valid	Christiansen & Bonde	Late Campanian	Mishash Formation		A large mosasaur

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Criocephalosaurus^[76]	gen nov	Valid	Kammerer & Sidor	Upper Permian		South Africa	A dinocephalian. Replacement name for Criocephalus Broom, 1928, preoccupied by Criocephalus Mulsant 1839.
Kitchinganomodon^[77]	Gen nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian		South Africa	A dicynodont. New genus for "Platycyclops" crassus Broom, 1948.
Kwazulusaurus^[78]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Beaufort Group	South Africa	A dicynodont. The type species is Kwazulusaurus shakai.
Lanthanocephalus^[79]	gen et sp nov	Preoccupied	Modesto, Rubidge, & Welman	Upper Permian	Koonap Formation	South Africa	Genus preoccupied by Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000, moved to the replacement Lanthanostegus in 2003
Neotrirachodon^[80]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Tatarinov	Middle Triassic	Donguz Formation		A cynodont. The type species is Neotrirachodon expectatus.
Ruhuhucerberus^[81]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Kawinga Formation		A gorgonopsian. The type species is Ruhuhucerberus terror.
Titanogorgon	gen nov	Valid	Maisch	Upper Permian	Kawinga Formation		A gorgonopsian. New genus for "Gorgonognathus" maximus von Huene, 1950.

Notes and References

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