| Election Name: | 2002–2003 Tamil Nadu assembly by-elections |
| Country: | India |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1999–2000 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election |
| Previous Year: | 1999/2000 |
| Next Election: | 2004–05 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election |
| Next Year: | 2004-05 |
| Election Date: | 21 February – 31 May 2002; 26 February 2003 |
| Seats For Election: | 5 vacant seats in the Legislature of Tamil Nadu |
| Leader1: | J. Jayalalithaa |
| Leaders Seat1: | Andipatti |
| Party1: | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| Alliance1: | N/A |
| Seats1: | 5 |
| Seat Change1: | 4 |
| Popular Vote1: | 21919,906 |
| Percentage1: | 53.5% |
| Leader2: | M. Karunanidhi |
| Party2: | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| Alliance2: | National Democratic Alliance |
| Leaders Seat2: | Chepauk |
| Seats2: | 0 |
| Seat Change2: | 3 |
| Popular Vote2: | 212,100 |
| Percentage2: | 35.5% |
| Chief Minister | |
| Posttitle: | Chief Minister |
| Before Election: | O. Panneerselvam |
| Before Party: | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| After Election: | J. Jayalalithaa |
| After Party: | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
By-elections to Andipatti constituency was held in Tamil Nadu, India, on 21 February 2002. Three state assembly constituencies, Saidapet, Vaniyambadi, and Acharapakkam were held on 31 May 2002. In 2003, by-election in Sathankulam was held on 26 February 2003. During this by-election, the DMK and all the other major parties supported the Congress candidate, while only BJP supported the AIADMK candidate. This election came after the support of the Anti-conversion bill by AIADMK general secretary, Jayalalithaa and increasing tension between DMK and BJP due to the passage of the bill. The AIADMK win in Sathankulam was significant, since it completes the AIADMK sweep in by-elections after its victory in 2001. Also the anti-conversion bill was not an important factor in the congress-bastion Sathankulam, whose electorate consists of a large percentage of minorities.[1]
Despite attempts by the opposition to delay the Andipatti by-election, due to alleged voter list irregularities, the Election Commission of India decided to have the vacant seat in Andipatti, early in February and push off the other three vacant seats, in May.[2] Andipatti seat was made vacant by the resignation of Thanga Tamil Selvan to facilitate the election of J. Jayalalithaa, who had her corruption charges cleared in late December in 2001. Despite the fact that she could not participate in the 2001 General Elections due to her 4 nominations being disqualified, she was sworn-into office. After being released from the case, she contested this election and became Chief minister in March 2002.[3]
As AIADMK had won 132 seats in 2001 State assembly election, even with the breakup of its previous alliance with Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC), Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India (CPI), Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPIM) and Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), it would have still continued to stay in power, regardless of the results in the by-election. But since Jayalalithaa was legally not allowed to run for an MLA seat in 2001, she made the decision to run for an MLA seat before swearing in as Chief Minister.[4]
The Andipatti victory, in late February, paved way for Jayalalithaa to swear in as Chief Minister. The party also swept the by-election in late May. The PMK lost an anticipated victory in Acharappakam, a constituency with a high percentage of Vanniyars electorates. It was observed that the Dalit vote base coupled with the popularity of Jayalalithaa led to the defeat, allowing AIADMK to wrest this seat from the PMK.
Due to reported frustrations with J. Jayalalithaa, almost all of her allies from 2001 election, left the AIADMK alliance and started their own third front. The Third Front consisted of CPM, CPI, Indian National League (INL), TMC and INC. AIADMK, which was supported by 196 MLAs in 2001, shrunk to 132 seats, with 64 MLAs leaving the alliance. Only 117 seats are required for a party to form a Government. The PMK, who backed AIADMK in 2001, backed the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), in this by-election, which was part of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
After Sathankulam by-election in 2003:
| AIADMK+ | SEATS | DMK+ | SEATS | Third Front | SEATS | OTHERS | SEATS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIADMK | 136 (+4) | DMK | 30 (-1) | CPM | 6 | MDMK | 0 | |
| PMK | 19 (-1) | CPI | 5 | FBL | 1 | |||
| BJP | 4 | TMC | 22 | |||||
| MADMK | 2 | INC | 7 | |||||
| INL | 0 (-1) | |||||||
| TOTAL (2003) | 136 | TOTAL (2003) | 55 | TOTAL (2003) | 42 | TOTAL (2003) | 1 | |
| TOTAL (2001) | 196 | TOTAL (2001) | 37 | TOTAL (2001) | n/a | TOTAL (2001) | 1 |
Source: Election Commission of India[5]
The election here became very controversial, when opposition leaders, DMK, the left and others, complained about ADMK party cadres allegedly working with the police, that resulted in taking over of polling booths. There were also complaints of voter registration fraud by the opposition. The opposition leaders appealed for an entirely new election in this constituent, which was rejected, by the ECI.[6]
Source: ECI[8]
Election was necessitated due to death of S.S. Mani Nadar.