2001 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre explained

2001 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
Location:Sheshnag Lake, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Target:Kashmiri Hindus
Date:20 July 2001
Type:Mass murder
Motive:Islamist Terrorism

On 20 July 2001, in the month of Shraavana, 13 people were killed and 15 other injured in a terror attack on a pilgrim night camp at Sheshnag Lake near the Amarnath Temple glacial cave shrine in Kashmir Valley in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, in two explosions and firing by militants.[1] [2] [3] In a pre-dawn attack, terrorists penetrated several layers of security cordon and exploded two improvised explosive devices (lEDs), casualties included 8 Hindu civilian pilgrims entailing 2 women, and 3 Muslim civilians and 2 security personnel.[4]

Background

The 48-days July–August annual Hindu pilgrimage, undertaken by up to 600,000 or more pilgrims to high glacial Amarnath cave shrine of iced stalagmite Shiv linga e at in Himalayas, is called Amarnath Yatra.[5] [6] [7] It begins with a mountainous trek from the Nunwan and Chandanwari base camps at Pahalgam and reaches cave-shine after night halts at Sheshnag Lake and Panchtarni camps.[8]

The yatra is both a way of earning revenue by the state government by imposing tax on pilgrims,[9] [10] and making living by the local Shia Muslim Bakarwal-Gujjars by taking a portion of revenue and by offering services to the Hindu pilgrims, and this source of income has been threatened by the militant groups who have banned and attacked the yatra numerous times,[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] as well as have massacred at least 30 and injured at least 60 people in Amarnath pilgrimage terrorist-attack massacre (2000) causing death of 21 unarmed Hindu pilgrims, 7 Muslim civilians and 3 security forces in a two hour long indiscriminate shoot out at Pahalgam town in Anantnag district. See also: Amarnath pilgrimage terrorist-attack massacre (2000). This attack on Amarnath yatra was part of the larger 1st and 2nd August 2000 Kashmir massacre in 5 separate coordinated terrorist attacks that killed at least 89 (official count) to 105 people (as reported by PTI), and injured at least 62 more.[16]

Aftermath

Union Government of India released the additional funding and state Government of Jammu and Kashmir tightened the security.[4] Few weeks later Bin Laden launched September 11 attacks on USA which forced the change in global response to the Islamic terror attacks from aloof and sporadic to united and coordinated.[17] Pakistan-backed Islamic terrorist organizations,[18] Lashkar-e-Taiba[19] [20] [21] [22] founded by Hafiz Saeed[23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] and Hizbul Mujahideen were designated terrorist organisations by India,[29] European Union[30] and United States.[31] [32] [33] [34] [35]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://www.firstpost.com/india/amarnath-yatra-devotees-have-faced-repeated-terror-attacks-heres-the-blood-soaked-history-of-pilgrimage-3799091.html "Amarnath Yatra devotees have faced repeated terror attacks: Here's the blood-soaked history of pilgrimage"
  2. Vicky Nanjappa, Amarnath yatra has been attacked thrice in the past, One India News. 11 July 2017.
  3. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010722/main1.htm 6 pilgrims among 13 killed in 2 blasts
  4. 2001, Kashmir, Data India, Issues 27-52, pp.650.
  5. http://www.amarnathyatra.org/yatra.htm Amarnath Yatra explained
  6. Web site: Amarnath Yatra Tourism Information. www.oneindiaonline.com.
  7. http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2012/07/amarnath_journey_to_the_shrine.html Amarnath: Journey to the shrine of a Hindu god
  8. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amarnath-yatra-ends-least-number-of-pilgrims-in-decade/article14576514.ece Amarnath yatra ends, fewest pilgrims in decade
  9. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Remove-entry-fee-on-buses-to-Vaishno-Devi-Amarnath-BJP/articleshow/6064803.cms BJP demands removal of Amarnath yatra entry fee
  10. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=65397 No Additional Tax Levied on Vehicles Going to Amarnath and Vaishno Devi
  11. Carl W. Ernst, 2016, Refractions of Islam in India: Situating Sufism and Yoga, SAGE Publications, .
  12. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Muslim-group-asks-for-reviving-Amarnath-Yatra/articleshow/53247175.cms Muslim group asks for reviving Amarnath Yatra
  13. http://www.orfonline.org/expert-speaks/kashmir-no-algorithm-for-azadi Expert Speak on Kashmir: No algorithm for Azadi
  14. Web site: Rediff On The NeT: Harkatul Mujaheedin 'bans' Amarnath Yatra . Rediff.com . 9 July 1998 . 2013-04-15.
  15. http://rajyasabha.gov.in/journals/178/26081996.htm
  16. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000803/main1.htm#1 "Night of massacres leaves 105 dead in valley"
  17. http://indianexpress.com/article/research/911-anniversary-how-the-world-changed-in-15-years-3025632/ 9/11 anniversary: How the world changed in 15 years
  18. Sati Sahni, 10,000 The birth of the Hizbul Mujahideen, Rediff News, July 2000
  19. Book: Basset, Donna. Encyclopedia of Terrorism. 2012. ABC-CLIO. 978-0313308956. 12. Peter Chalk.
  20. Web site: Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (a.k.a. Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba) . Jayshree Bajoria . 14 January 2010 . Council on Foreign Relations . 11 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100605151918/http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/ . 5 June 2010 . dmy .
  21. Audrey. Kurth Cronin. Huda Aden . Adam Frost . Benjamin Jones . Foreign Terrorist Organizations. Congressional Research Service. 6 February 2004. 4 March 2009.
  22. Web site: Mumbai Terror Attacks Fast Facts. CNN.
  23. Web site: Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad . Brookings.edu . 28 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120127080018/http://www.brookings.edu/events/2011/0118_pakistan_america.aspx . 27 January 2012 . dmy .
  24. Web site: Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America and the Future of Global Jihad, transcript . http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20111029182345/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/events/2011/0118_pakistan/20110118_deadly_embrace.pdf . dead . 29 October 2011 . Brookings.edu . 28 October 2012 .
  25. Web site: The 9/11 Attacks' Spiritual Father . Brookings.edu . 28 October 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120127015845/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0911_riedel.aspx . 27 January 2012 . dmy .
  26. Web site: The 15 faces of terror. Rediff.com. 28 October 2012.
  27. Book: E. Atkins. Stephen. Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. 2004. Greenwood Press. 978-0313324857. 173. registration.
  28. News: Bad Company – Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Mujahidein in Pakistan. 11 March 2010. Ashley J. Tellis. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The group's earliest operations were focused on the Kunar and Paktia provinces in Afghanistan, where LeT had set up several training camps in support of the jihad against the Soviet occupation..
  29. Web site:

    Ministry of Home Affairs:: BANNED ORGANISATIONS

    . 2013-01-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20130129051543/http://mha.nic.in/uniquepage.asp?id_pk=292. 2013-01-29. dead. 2017-05-15.
  30. Web site: COUNCIL DECISION (CFSP) 2015/2430 of 21 December 2015. eur-lex.europa.eu. 2017-05-15.
  31. News: US adds 4 Indian outfits to terror list. 13 May 2015. Rediff. 30 April 2004.
  32. Web site: L – Appendix A: Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents, 2002. 2016-08-22.
  33. Web site: N – Appendix C: Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups. 2016-08-22.
  34. Web site: Appendix C – Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups. 2016-08-22.
  35. Book: Background Information on Other Terrorist Groups. State Department of the United States of America.

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