The 2000 FIA GT Championship was the fourth FIA GT Championship, an auto racing series endorsed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and organized by the Stéphane Ratel Organisation (SRO). The races featured grand touring cars divided into two categories, GT and N GT, with drivers and teams titles awarded for each category. The championship began on 26 March 2000 and ended 22 October 2000 after ten races, all held in Europe.
After the 1999 season featured just a single category of cars competing, the FIA GT Championship once again became a two-class series for 2000 with the introduction of the Group N-GT cars by the FIA. The new category was positioned below the former GT2 class of cars from 1997 to 1999, now renamed to just GT, and was awarded an FIA Cup instead of a full FIA Championship. Britons Julian Bailey and Jamie Campbell-Walter won the GT Drivers' Championship with five victories, in chassis number GTM 002 driving for the GT team champions Lister Storm Racing in their first full season of FIA GT competition. Christophe Bouchut and Patrice Goueslard were the inaugural N-GT Cup winners, driving for Teams title winners Larbre Compétition Chereau.
The FIA GT Championship became a European-only series for 2000, dropping all fly-away races in North America and Asia. The two German rounds at Hockenheimring and Oschersleben were replaced by a single race at EuroSpeedway Lausitz, while the A1-Ring returned to the series after a one-year absence. Valencia, Estoril, Brno, and Magny-Cours were all new events for the series. Donington Park was the only other European event not kept for 2000.
All events were held over a distance of 500km (300miles).
Rnd | Race | Circuit | Date | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Valencia 500 km | Circuit de Valencia, Cheste, Spain | 26 March | |
2 | Estoril 500 km | Autódromo do Estoril, Estoril, Portugal | 2 April | |
3 | Monza 500 km | Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza, Italy | 16 April | |
4 | P&O Stena Line Silverstone 500x2 | Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone, United Kingdom | 14 May | |
5 | MOL FIA GT Hungaroring | Hungaroring, Mogyoród, Hungary | 2 July | |
6 | Zolder 500 km | Zolder Circuit, Zolder, Belgium | 23 July | |
7 | 500 km A1-Ring | A1-Ring, Spielberg, Austria | 6 August | |
8 | Lausitz 200 | EuroSpeedway Lausitz, Klettwitz, Germany | 2 September | |
9 | Česká pojišťovna Racing Weekend | Autodrom Brno Masaryk, Brno, Czech Republic | 17 September | |
10 | Trophee Ecospace d'Automne | Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, Magny-Cours, France | 22 October | |
Source:[1] |
Entrant | Car | Engine | Tyre | Drivers | Rounds | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chamberlain Motorsport | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 1 | Stephen Watson | 1–5 | ||
Ni Amorim | 1–2 | ||||||
Xavier Pompidou | 3 | ||||||
Didier Defourny | 4 | ||||||
Tamás Illés | 5 | ||||||
Horst Felbermayr | 7 | ||||||
Horst Felbermayr Jr. | 7 | ||||||
2 | Walter Brun | 1–4, 8 | |||||
Toni Seiler | 1–4, 8 | ||||||
Freisinger Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 3 | Wolfgang Kaufmann | All | ||
Bob Wollek | 1, 3, 5 | ||||||
Stéphane Ortelli | 2, 4 | ||||||
Bert Longin | 6 | ||||||
Gottfried Grasser | 7 | ||||||
Hubert Haupt | 8–9 | ||||||
Michael Trunk | 10 | ||||||
4 | Ernst Palmberger | All | |||||
Yukihiro Hane | 1–8, 10 | ||||||
Cyril Chateau | 9 | ||||||
Konrad Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 5 | Franz Konrad | 1–8 | ||
Jürgen von Gartzen | 1–8 | ||||||
6 | Manfred Jurasz | 5 | |||||
Kurt Thiel | 5 | ||||||
Proton Competition | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 7 | Gerold Ried | All | ||
Christian Ried | All | ||||||
Mauro Casadei | 2, 4 | ||||||
Renato Maestropietro | 3 | ||||||
Haberthur Racing | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 8 | Mauro Casadei | 1, 3, 6, 8–10 | ||
Michel Ligonnet | 1 | ||||||
Alberto Costello | 1 | ||||||
Patrick Vuillaume | 2–4, 6, 10 | ||||||
Walter Meloni | 2 | ||||||
Nuno Mousinho Esteves | 2 | ||||||
Riccardo Schmid | 3 | ||||||
Manfred Jurasz | 4, 9 | ||||||
Erik Bruynoghe | 6 | ||||||
Andrea Garbagnati | 8 | ||||||
Roberto Orlandi | 9 | ||||||
9 | Jacques Corbet | 1 | |||||
Patrick Vuillaume | 1 | ||||||
Paco Orti | 1 | ||||||
Luca Cattaneo | 3 | ||||||
Renato Premoli | 3 | ||||||
Antonio De Castro | 3 | ||||||
Paul Belmondo Competition | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 10 | Jean-Claude Lagniez | 1–4 | ||
Guy Martinolle | 1–4 | ||||||
Claude-Yves Gosselin | 10 | ||||||
Anthony Kumpen | 10 | ||||||
Paul Belmondo Racing | 11 | Claude-Yves Gosselin | 1–5, 7–9 | ||||
Boris Derichebourg | 1–3 | ||||||
Paul Belmondo | 4–10 | ||||||
Marc Duez | 6, 10 | ||||||
12 | Vincent Vosse | 1–6, 8–10 | |||||
Paul Belmondo | 1–3 | ||||||
Boris Derichebourg | 4–10 | ||||||
Emmanuel Clérico | 7 | ||||||
Lister Storm Racing | Lister Storm GTM | Jaguar 7.0 L V12 | 14 | Jamie Campbell-Walter | All | ||
Julian Bailey | All | ||||||
15 | Nicolaus Springer | All | |||||
Peter Hardman | 1–3 | ||||||
Carlos Palau | 1 | ||||||
Philippe Favre | 2–5, 7–10 | ||||||
Tiff Needell | 6 | ||||||
First Racing | Ferrari 550 Millennio | Ferrari F133 6.0 L V12 | 16 | Fabien Giroix | 1, 3, 6, 9–10 | ||
Jean-Denis Délétraz | 1, 3, 6, 9–10 | ||||||
Marcos Cars International | Marcos Mantara LM600 | Chevrolet 5.9 L V8 | 19 | Cor Euser | 1–4, 6 | ||
Christian Vann | 1–2 | ||||||
Harald Becker | 3–4, 6 | ||||||
Herman Buurman | 3 | ||||||
Racing Box | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 21 | Luca Cappellari | All | ||
Gabriele Matteuzzi | 1–7, 9–10 | ||||||
Raffaele Sangiuolo | 1, 3–10 | ||||||
Angelo Zadra | 2 | ||||||
Giorgio Tibaldo | 8 | ||||||
Wieth Racing | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 22 | Niko Wieth | 1–3, 5–10 | ||
Franz Wieth | 1–3, 5–10 | ||||||
KRT Lamborghini Racing | Lamborghini Diablo GTR | Lamborghini 6.0 L V12 | 23 | Günther Kronsender | 4–5, 7, 9 | ||
Josef Jobst | 4–5, 7, 9 | ||||||
Reiter Engineering | Lamborghini Diablo GTR | Lamborghini 6.0 L V12 | 24 | Michael Trunk | 7–9 | ||
Bernhard Müller | 7–9 | ||||||
Carsport Holland | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 25 | Mike Hezemans | All | ||
David Hart | 1–6, 8–9 | ||||||
Tom Coronel | 7, 10 | ||||||
39 | David Hart | 10 | |||||
Peter Kox | 10 | ||||||
Autorlando | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 27 | Marco Spinelli | All | ||
Fabio Villa | 1–6, 8–10 | ||||||
Gabriele Sabatini | 1, 3–10 | ||||||
Manfred Jurasz | 7 | ||||||
RWS | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 28 | Horst Felbermayr | 1–3, 5 | ||
Horst Felbermayr Jr. | 1–3, 5 | ||||||
Team ART | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 29 | Jean-Pierre Jarier | 3–4, 7 | ||
François Lafon | 3–4, 7 | ||||||
Seikel Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 32 | Francis Werner | 1–2 | ||
Jacques Piattier | 1–2 | ||||||
Cirtek Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 33 | Jonathan Baker | 6 | ||
Charlie Cox | 6 | ||||||
Estoril Racing | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 36 | Manuel Monteiro | 2, 10 | ||
Michel Monteiro | 2, 10 | ||||||
Bovi Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 37 | Kálmán Bódis | 5 | ||
Attila Barta | 5 | ||||||
András Bakos | 5 | ||||||
Rupert Atzberger | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.6 L Turbo Flat-6 | 38 | Rupert Atzberger | 10 | ||
Siegfried Kaser | 10 | ||||||
BVB Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT2 | Porsche 3.8 L Turbo Flat-6 | 44 | Geoff Lister | 4 | ||
Max Beeverbroock | 4 | ||||||
Felbermayr | Chrysler Viper GTS-R | Chrysler 356-T6 8.0 L V10 | 45 | Horst Felbermayr | 4 | ||
Horst Felbermayr Jr. | 4 | ||||||
Sources:[2] [3] |
Entrant | Car | Engine | Tyre | Drivers | Rounds | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 50 | Magnus Wallinder | All | ||
Robert Nearn | 1–4 | ||||||
Nigel Smith | 5–10 | ||||||
51 | Michel Neugarten | 1–6 | |||||
Nigel Smith | 1–4 | ||||||
Robert Nearn | 5–10 | ||||||
Stéphane Ortelli | 7 | ||||||
Hans Willems | 8 | ||||||
Geoff Lister | 9–10 | ||||||
Larbre Compétition Chereau | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 52 | Christophe Bouchut | All | ||
Patrice Goueslard | All | ||||||
53 | Ferdinand de Lesseps | 1–4, 6–10 | |||||
Jean-Luc Chéreau | 1, 3–6, 10 | ||||||
André Ahrlé | 2–3, 5–10 | ||||||
Sébastien Bourdais | 5 | ||||||
Noël del Bello Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 54 | Jean-Luc Maury-Laribiére | 1, 3 | ||
Marc Sourd | 1 | ||||||
Bernard Chauvin | 1 | ||||||
Patrick Caternet | 3 | ||||||
Jacques Corbet | 3 | ||||||
ART Engineering | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 55 | Constantino Bertuzzi | 3–9 | ||
Pierangelo Masselli | 3–9 | ||||||
Franco Bertoli | 10 | ||||||
Paolo Rapetti | 10 | ||||||
57 | Fabio Mancini | 7–8, 10 | |||||
Gianni Collini | 7–8, 10 | ||||||
Franco Bertoli | 9 | ||||||
Paolo Rapetti | 9 | ||||||
EMKA GTC | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 56 | Steve O'Rourke | 1–8, 10 | ||
Tim Sugden | 1–8, 10 | ||||||
Stephen Day | 2 | ||||||
Freisinger Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 58 | Nikolai Fomenko | 8, 10 | ||
Aleksey Vasilyev | 8, 10 | ||||||
Haberthur Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 60 | Fabio Babini | 3 | ||
Fabio Rosa | 3 | ||||||
Michel Ligonnet | 8–10 | ||||||
Michel Neugarten | 8–9 | ||||||
Jean-Charles Cartier | 10 | ||||||
Supertech erg | Ferrari 360 Modena | Ferrari 3.6 L V8 | 61 | Erich Prinoth | 3 | ||
Ivan Capelli | 3 | ||||||
LRO | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 63 | Franco Bugané | 3 | ||
François Migault | 3 | ||||||
"Raël" | 3 | ||||||
Michel Ligonnet | 4 | ||||||
Christophe d'Ansembourg | 4 | ||||||
Stanislas De Sadeleer | 4 | ||||||
Perspective Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 64 | Thierry Perrier | 1, 10 | ||
Jean-Paul Richard | 1, 10 | ||||||
Gérard Larrousse | 1 | ||||||
Michel Neugarten | 10 | ||||||
MAC Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 66 | Paolo Rapetti | 1–3, 5–6 | ||
Massimo Frigerio | 1–3, 5, 7 | ||||||
Massimo Cattori | 6 | ||||||
Michel Neugarten | 7 | ||||||
Renato Biciato | 7 | ||||||
67 | Paco Orti | 2 | |||||
Luis Villamil | 2 | ||||||
Roberto Orlandi | 3, 8 | ||||||
Renato Biciato | 3 | ||||||
Fabio Mancini | 4–6 | ||||||
Gianni Collini | 4–6 | ||||||
Paolo Rapetti | 8 | ||||||
Seikel Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 68 | Tony Burgess | 4 | ||
Max Cohen-Olivar | 4 | ||||||
JMB Competition | Ferrari 360 Modena N-GT | Ferrari 3.6 L V8 | 70 | Marco Lambertini | 3–4, 6, 10 | ||
Batti Pregliasco | 3–4, 6, 10 | ||||||
Christian Pescatori | 6, 10 | ||||||
71 | Philippe Alliot | 4, 6, 10 | |||||
Peter Kutemann | 4, 6, 10 | ||||||
Loris Kessel Racing | Ferrari 360 Modena N-GT | Ferrari 3.6 L V8 | 75 | Loris Kessel | 3 | ||
Andrea Garbagnati | 3 | ||||||
Paolo Ligresti | 3 | ||||||
RWS / Red Bull Racing | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 77 | Luca Riccitelli | All | ||
Hans-Jörg Hofer | 1–3 | ||||||
Hans Willems | 1, 3–6 | ||||||
Dieter Quester | 7–10 | ||||||
79 | Hans-Jörg Hofer | 5–10 | |||||
Philipp Peter | 5 | ||||||
Dieter Quester | 5 | ||||||
Giorgio Tibaldo | 6 | ||||||
Hans Willems | 7 | ||||||
Günther Blieninger | 7 | ||||||
Patrick Huisman | 8 | ||||||
Bob Wollek | 9–10 | ||||||
Cirtek Motorsport | Porsche 911 GT3-R | Porsche 3.6 L Flat-6 | 78 | Paul Phillips | 4 | ||
Adam Topping | 4 | ||||||
Robert Schirle | 4 | ||||||
Adam Simmons | 6 | ||||||
Ian Gibbons | 6 | ||||||
Jürgen Lorenz | 6 | ||||||
Sources: |
Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each category. Cars were required to complete at least 70% of the laps covered by the winning car in order to be classified as a finisher. Drivers were required to complete 20% of the distance covered by their car to earn points. Teams titles were awarded based on all the results obtained by a maximum of two cars per team.[5]
+Points system | |||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Due to the Estoril round being abandoned before 75% of the race distance was completed, half points were awarded to the top six teams and drivers.
valign=middle | valign=middle | Driver | valign=middle | Team | VAL | EST | MON | SIL | HUN | ZOL | A1R | LAU | BRN | MAG | valign=middle | Total points | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Christophe Bouchut | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 72 | ||||
1 | Patrice Goueslard | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 72 | ||||
2 | Luca Riccitelli | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 5 | 2 | Ret | 2 | Ret | 1 | Ret | 1 | 2 | 2 | 43 | ||||
3 | Michel Neugarten | Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 33 | ||||||||
MAC Racing | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
Haberthur Racing | Ret | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Perspective Racing | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
4 | Nigel Smith | Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 8 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | Ret | 3 | Ret | 3 | 31 | ||||
5 | Dieter Quester | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 4 | Ret | 1 | 2 | 2 | 25 | |||||||||
6 | Magnus Wallinder | Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 2 | 5 | Ret | 4 | 3 | 4 | Ret | 3 | Ret | 3 | 25 | ||||
7 | Tim Sugden | EMKA GTC | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 5 | NC | 2 | 4 | Ret | 22.5 | |||||
7 | Steve O'Rourke | EMKA GTC | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 5 | NC | 2 | 4 | Ret | 22.5 | |||||
8 | Hans Willems | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 5 | Ret | 2 | Ret | 1 | 3 | 22 | ||||||||
Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
9 | Robert Nearn | Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 2 | 5 | Ret | 4 | 2 | 3 | Ret | 8 | Ret | Ret | 20 | ||||
10 | Hans-Jörg Hofer | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 5 | 2 | Ret | 4 | Ret | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 19 | |||||
11 | Ferdinand de Lesseps | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 4 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 17 | |||||
12 | Fabio Mancini | MAC Racing | 8 | 6 | 6 | 12 | |||||||||||
ART Engineering | 1 | 10 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
12 | Gianni Collini | MAC Racing | 8 | 6 | 6 | 12 | |||||||||||
ART Engineering | 1 | 10 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
13 | André Ahrlé | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 7 | 5 | Ret | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 12 | ||||||
14 | Jean-Luc Chéreau | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 4 | 5 | 5 | Ret | 5 | 9 | 9 | ||||||||
15 | Bob Wollek | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 4 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||
16 | Pierangelo Masselli | ART Engineering | 4 | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 7 | 6 | 5 | |||||||
16 | Constantino Bertuzzi | ART Engineering | 4 | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 7 | 6 | 5 | |||||||
17 | Günther Blieninger | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 3 | 4 | |||||||||||||
18 | Thierry Perrier | Perspective Racing | 6 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||
18 | Jean-Luc Richard | Perspective Racing | 6 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||
19 | Philipp Peter | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||
20 | Massimo Frigerio | MAC Racing | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 3 | |||||||||
21 | Michel Ligonnet | LRO | 11 | 3 | |||||||||||||
Haberthur Racing | Ret | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
22 | Renato Biciato | MAC Racing | 8 | 5 | 2 | ||||||||||||
23 | Patrick Huisman | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 5 | 2 | |||||||||||||
24 | Paolo Rapetti | MAC Racing | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | Ret | 9 | 1 | ||||||||
ART Engineering | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
25 | Jean-Charles Cartier | Haberthur Racing | 6 | 1 | |||||||||||||
26 | Paco Orti | MAC Racing | 6 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||
26 | Luis Villamil | MAC Racing | 6 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||
valign=middle | valign=middle | Driver | valign=middle | Team | VAL | EST | MON | SIL | HUN | ZOL | A1R | LAU | BRN | MAG | valign=middle | Total points | |
Sources:[7] |
|
valign=middle | valign=middle | Team | VAL | EST | MON | SIL | HUN | ZOL | A1R | LAU | BRN | MAG | valign=middle | Total points | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Larbre Compétition Chereau | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 89 | |||
4 | 7 | 5 | 5 | Ret | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 9 | ||||||
2 | RWS / Red Bull Racing | 5 | 2 | Ret | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 57 | |||
Ret | Ret | Ret | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
3 | Pennzoil Quaker State G-Force | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | Ret | 3 | Ret | 3 | 51 | |||
8 | 5 | Ret | 4 | 3 | 4 | Ret | 8 | Ret | Ret | ||||||
4 | EMKA GTC | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 5 | NC | 2 | 4 | Ret | 22.5 | ||||
5 | ART Engineering | 4 | 6 | Ret | Ret | 1 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 15 | |||||
Ret | 10 | 7 | 8 | ||||||||||||
6 | MAC Racing | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 5.5 | |||||
8 | 8 | 7 | Ret | ||||||||||||
7 | Perspective Racing | 6 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||
8 | Haberthur Racing | Ret | Ret | 5 | 6 | 3 | |||||||||
- | Cirtek Motorsport | 9 | 7 | 0 | |||||||||||
- | Loris Kessel Racing | 7 | 0 | ||||||||||||
- | Seikel Motorsport | 7 | 0 | ||||||||||||
- | JMB Competition | 9 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 0 | |||||||||
13 | 9 | 11 | |||||||||||||
- | Noël del Bello Racing | 9 | Ret | 0 | |||||||||||
- | Supertech erg | 10 | 0 | ||||||||||||
- | LRO | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||||||||||
- | Freisinger Motorsport | 11 | Ret | 0 | |||||||||||
Sources:[9] |