| Unit Name: | 1st Donetsk Corps |
| Native Name: | 1-й Донецкий корпус |
| Start Date: | 1 September 1919 |
| End Date: | 11 January 1920 |
| Country: |  Ukraine |
| Allegiance: | Makhnovshchina |
| Branch: | Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine |
| Type: | Partisan corps |
| Specialization: | --> |
| Size: | 15,000 |
| Garrison: | Donetsk |
| Colours: | --> |
| Colours Label: | --> |
| Equipment: | 15,500 bayonets, 3,650 sabers, 144 machine guns, 16 cannons. |
| Battles: | Ukrainian War of Independence
|
| Commander1: | Timofey Lashkevich |
| Commander1 Label: | 1st Donetsk Corps |
| Commander2: | Alexander Kalashnikov |
| Commander2 Label: | 1st Brigade |
| Commander3: | Trofim Yakovlevich Vdovichenko |
| Commander3 Label: | 2nd Brigade |
| Commander4: | Petro Havrylenko |
| Commander4 Label: | 3rd Brigade |
| Commander5: | Mikhail Uralov |
| Commander5 Label: | 4th Brigade |
| Commander6: | Fedir Shchus |
| Commander6 Label: | 1st Cavalry Brigade |
| Commander7: | Lev Zadov |
| Commander7 Label: | Counterintelligence |
The 1st Donetsk Corps was a military formation of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, it was created on 1 September 1919 and existed until 1920.
On 1 September 1919, a meeting of insurgents was held in Dobrovelychkivka, at which a delegate was elected from each regiment. The meeting discussed the question of the further political existence of the Makhnovshchina as an independent organism. They also discussed the issue of reorganizing the rebel regiments into a single army that would be effective in guerrilla warfare. The meeting elected a Military Revolutionary Council, as the central command of the insurgents. The insurgent regiments led by Nestor Makhno were officially named the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (RIAU). Viktor Belash was in charge of organizing the army. Belash developed the structure of the RIAU, which consisted of four corps (three active and one reserve), each built from a number of divisions, which were in turn divided into regiments, battalions, companies and platoons. Kalashnikov was appointed at the head of the 1st Donetsk corps.
On 27 September 1919, the 1st corps took part in the Battle of Peregonovka, in which the RIAU won a major victory. On 28 September 1919, Makhno decided to conduct a deep raid on the Yekaterinoslav, in which the 1st corps also took part. The Insurgent Army set off on a march in three main columns for the raid. The infantry in carts and cavalry made daily marches of 80-90 versts. The left column, consisting of infantry regiments of the 1st corps, moved 320 miles along the route from Novoarkhanhelsk, to Elisavetgrad, and Kamenka, before they arrived at Yekaterinoslav. Units of the 1st corps did not delay in storming the city and changed their route. As a result, Kalashnikov's column occupied Krivoy Rog (this was part of the task of the 2nd corps), and his attack on Yekaterinoslav did not take place.
On 11 January 1920, at a meeting of commanders in Gulyaypole, it was decided to immediately disband the 1st corps to their homes. In the spring of 1920, an insurgent detachment headed by Nestor Makhno was created from the soldiers of the former 1st corps.