1 Samuel 27 Explained
1 Samuel 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,[1] but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.
Text
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 12 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 1–2, 8–12.[2] [3]
Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B;
B; 4th century) and
Codex Alexandrinus (
A;
A; 5th century).
Places
David in Gath (27:1–4)
David decided to cross over into Philistine territory to escape from Saul (verse 1), which wasimmediately achieved (verse 4), and stayed as a vassal of King Achish of Gath for one year and four months (verse 7). When the first time David was in Gath, he had to feign insanity to escape (1 Samuel 21:10–15), but this time, with 600 loyal soldiers and the report of his fallout with Saul, David was well received as a group of mercenaries for the Philistines, a common practice in the ancient Near East as documented in various sources.[4] [5]
Verse 2
And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that were with him unto Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath.[6]
- "Achish, the son of Maoch": the additional identification of a father may imply this king to be different from the one David met in 1 Samuel 21.[7] He is considered identical with Achish, son of Maachah (1 Kings 2:39).[8]
David in Ziklag (27:5–12)
For a brief period he and his army lived "in the royal city" with Achish (which is in Gath), but by his own request, he later settled in Ziklag, presumably was given by Achish to him in return for military service and since then became a crown property of Judean kings. From Ziklag, David attacked Israel's enemies, the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites, but giving the impression to Achish that he was attacking enemies of the Philistines. By conquering these prospective enemies and collecting booty, David actually was making preparations for his kingship.
Verse 6
Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day. Therefore, Ziklag has belonged to the kings of Judah to this day.[9]
- "Ziklag": allotted to the tribes of Simeon and Judah in Joshua 15:31; 19:5, but the location is unknown, some identifying it with Tell el-Khuweilfeh, north of Beersheba, others with Tell esh-Sheri 'ah, south-east of Gaza.
See also
Sources
Commentaries on Samuel
- Book: Auld, Graeme. 1 & 2 Samuel. https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 . James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. 2003. 978-0-8028-3711-0.
- Book: Bergen, David T.. 1, 2 Samuel. B&H Publishing Group. 1996. 978-0-8054-0107-3.
- Book: Chapman, Stephen B. . 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary . Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company . 2016 . 978-1-4674-4516-0 .
- Book: Evans, Paul . 1-2 Samuel . The Story of God Bible Commentary . Tremper . Longman . Zondervan Academic . 2018 . 978-0-310-49094-4 .
- Book: Gordon, Robert. I & II Samuel, A Commentary. Paternoster Press . 1986 . 978-0-310-23022-9.
- Book: Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm. I & II Samuel, A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. 1964. trans. from German 2nd edition 1960. 978-0-664-22318-2. 19.
- Book: Tsumura, David Toshio. The First Book of Samuel. Eerdmans. 2007. 978-0-8028-2359-5.
General
- Book: Breytenbach, Andries. Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets . Brill. 2000. Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? . https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50. Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy. 9789004118713.
- Book: Coogan, Michael David . Michael D. Coogan . The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 . Coogan . Michael David . Marc Zvi . Brettler . Carol Ann . Newsom . Pheme . Perkins . Augmented 3rd . Oxford University Press . 2007 . 978-0-19-528881-0 .
- Book: Fitzmyer, Joseph A.<!--. Joseph Fitzmyer-->
. Joseph Fitzmyer--> . A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 2008. 978-0-8028-6241-9. Grand Rapids, MI.
- Book: Halley, Henry H. . Henry Hampton Halley . Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary . 24th (revised). Zondervan Publishing House . 1965 . registration. 0-310-25720-4.
- Book: Hayes, Christine . Introduction to the Bible . Yale University Press . 2015 . 978-0-300-18827-1.
- Book: Jones, Gwilym H. . 12. 1 and 2 Samuel . The Oxford Bible Commentary . John . Barton . John Barton (theologian) . John . Muddiman . John Muddiman . Oxford University Press . first (paperback) . 2007 . 196–232 . 978-0-19-927718-6 . February 6, 2019.
- Book: Klein, R.W.. Samuel, books of. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Bromiley, Geoffrey W. Eerdmans. 2003. 978-0-8028-3784-4.
- Book: Knight, Douglas A. https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62. James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards. Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists. Old Testament Interpretation. T&T Clark. 1995. 978-0-567-29289-6 .
- Book: Ulrich . Eugene . The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants . 2010 . Brill .
- Book: Würthwein, Ernst . Ernst Würthwein . The Text of the Old Testament . Wm. B. Eerdmans . Grand Rapids, MI . 1995 . Erroll F.. Rhodes . 0-8028-0788-7 . January 26, 2019.
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Hirsch . Emil G. . SAMUEL, BOOKS OF . www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
- Web site: 2018-01-05. General Info The Way To Yahuweh. 2022-11-04. en-GB.
- Web site: The Dead Sea Scrolls – 4Q Multiple Compositions. 2022-11-04. The Dead Sea Scrolls – 4Q Multiple Compositions. en.
- Lemche, N.P (1978) "David's Rise", JSOT 10:12–14
- [Daniel Bodi|Bodi, Daniel]
- 27:2 KJV KJV
- Web site: 1 Samuel 27 Benson Commentary. 2022-11-04. biblehub.com.
- Web site: 1 Samuel 27 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers. 2022-11-04. biblehub.com.
- 2 1 Samuel MEV