19th Canadian Parliament explained

Jurisdiction:	CA
#:	19th
Type:	Majority
Status:	inactive
Term-Begin:	1940-05-16
Term-End:	1945-04-16
Houseimage:	Chambre des Communes 1940.png
Members:	245
Sc:	James Allison Glen
Scterm:	16 May 1940 – 5 September 1945
Pm:	William Lyon Mackenzie King
Ministry:	16th Canadian Ministry
Pm-Begin:	1935-10-23
Pm-End:	1948-11-15
Lo:	Richard Hanson
Loterm:	14 May 1940 – 1 January 1943
Lo2:	Gordon Graydon
Loterm2:	1 January 1943 – 10 June 1945
Ghl:	Ian Alistair Mackenzie
Ghlterm:	14 October 1944 – 30 April 1948
Ss:	Georges Parent
Ssterm:	9 May 1940 – 14 December 1942
Ss2:	Thomas Vien
Ssterm2:	23 January 1943 – 23 August 1945
Gsl:	Raoul Dandurand
Gslterm:	23 October 1935 – 11 March 1942
Gsl2:	James Horace King
Gslterm2:	26 May 1942 – 24 August 1945
Osl:	Arthur Meighen
Oslterm:	22 October 1935 – 16 January 1942
Osl2:	Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne
Oslterm2:	16 January 1942 – 11 September 1945
Party:	Liberal Party
Party2:	National Government (Canada) & Conservative Party
Unrecparty1:	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
Unrecparty2:	Social Credit Party
Unrecparty3:	Liberal-Progressive
Sessionbegin:	16 May 1940
Sessionend:	5 November 1940
Sessionbegin2:	7 November 1940
Sessionend2:	21 January 1942
Sessionbegin3:	22 January 1942
Sessionend3:	27 January 1943
Sessionbegin4:	28 January 1943
Sessionend4:	26 January 1944
Sessionbegin5:	27 January 1944
Sessionend5:	31 January 1945
Sessionbegin6:	19 March 1945
Sessionend6:	16 April 1945
Monarchterm:	11 December 1936  - 6 February 1952
Viceroy:	Alexander Cambridge
Viceroyterm:	21 June 1940 – 12 April 1946
Lastparl:	18th
Nextparl:	20th

The 19th Canadian Parliament was in session from 16 May 1940, until 16 April 1945. The membership was set by the 1940 federal election on 26 March 1940, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1945 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and the 16th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the so-called "National Government" party (the name which the Conservatives ran under in the 1940 election), led in the House by Richard Hanson and Gordon Graydon consecutively as the three successive national leaders of the party, Robert Manion, Arthur Meighen and John Bracken did not have seats in the House of Commons. With the selection of Bracken as national leader in December 1942, the party became known as the Progressive Conservatives.

The Speaker was James Allison Glen. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1933–1947 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were six sessions of the 19th Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	16 May 1940	5 November 1940
2nd	7 November 1940	21 January 1942
3rd	22 January 1942	27 January 1943
4th	28 January 1943	26 January 1944
5th	27 January 1944	31 January 1945
6th	19 March 1945	16 April 1945

List of members

Following is a full list of members of the nineteenth Parliament listed first by province, then by electoral district.Party leaders are italicized.Parliamentary assistants is indicated by "".Cabinet ministers are in boldface.The Prime Minister is both.The Speaker is indicated by "".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Acadia			Victor Quelch	Social Credit	1935
Athabaska			Joseph Miville Dechene	Liberal	1940
Battle River			Robert Fair	Social Credit	1935
Bow River			Charles Edward Johnston	Social Credit	1935
Calgary East			George Henry Ross	Liberal	1940
Calgary West			Manley Justin Edwards	Liberal	1940
Camrose			James Alexander Marshall	Social Credit	1935
Edmonton East			Frederick Clayton Casselman (died 20 March 1941)	Liberal	1940
			Cora Taylor Casselman (by-election of 1941-06-02)	Liberal	1941
Edmonton West			James Angus MacKinnon	Liberal	1935
Jasper—Edson			Walter Frederick Kuhl	New Democracy	1935
Lethbridge			John Horne Blackmore	Social Credit	1935
Macleod			Ernest George Hansell	Social Credit	1935
Medicine Hat			Frederick William Gershaw	Liberal	1925, 1940
Peace River			John Sissons	Liberal	1940
Red Deer			Frederick Davis Shaw	Social Credit	1940
Vegreville			Anthony Hlynka	Social Credit	1940
Wetaskiwin			Norman Jaques	Social Credit	1935

British Columbia

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Cariboo			James Gray Turgeon	Liberal	1935
Comox—Alberni			Alan Webster Neill	Independent	1921
Fraser Valley			George Cruickshank	Liberal	1940
Kamloops			Thomas O'Neill	Liberal	1935
Kootenay East			George MacKinnon	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Kootenay West			William Esling	National Government	1925
	Progressive Conservative
Nanaimo			Alan Chambers	Liberal	1940
New Westminster			Thomas Reid	Liberal	1930
Skeena			Olof Hanson	Liberal	1930
Vancouver—Burrard			Gerry McGeer	Liberal	1935
Vancouver Centre			Ian Alistair Mackenzie	Liberal	1930
Vancouver East			Angus MacInnis	C.C.F.	1930
Vancouver North			James Sinclair	Liberal	1940
Vancouver South			Howard Charles Green	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
Victoria			Robert Mayhew	Liberal	1937
Yale			Grote Stirling	National Government	1924
	Progressive Conservative

Manitoba

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Brandon			James Ewen Matthews	Liberal	1938
Churchill			Thomas Crerar	Liberal	1917, 1930, 1935
Dauphin			William John Ward	Liberal	1921, 1935
Lisgar			Howard Winkler	Liberal	1935
Macdonald			William Gilbert Weir	Liberal-Progressive	1930
Marquette				Liberal-Progressive	1926, 1935
Neepawa			Frederick Donald MacKenzie	Liberal	1935
Portage la Prairie			Harry Leader	Liberal	1921, 1935
Provencher			René Jutras	Liberal	1940
Selkirk			Joseph Thorarinn Thorson (until 6 October 1942 emoulment appointment)	Liberal	1926, 1935
			William Bryce (by-election of 9 August 1943)	C.C.F.	1943
Souris			J. Arthur Ross	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Springfield			John Mouat Turner	Liberal	1935
St. Boniface			John Power Howden	Liberal	1925
Winnipeg North Centre			J. S. Woodsworth (died 21 March 1942)	C.C.F.	1921
			Stanley Knowles (by-election of 1942-11-30)	C.C.F.	1942
Winnipeg North			Charles Stephen Booth	Liberal	1940
Winnipeg South			Leslie Mutch	Liberal	1935
Winnipeg South Centre			Ralph Maybank	Liberal	1935

New Brunswick

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Charlotte			Burton Hill	Liberal	1935
Gloucester			Clarence Joseph Veniot	Liberal	1936
Kent			Aurel Léger	Liberal	1940
Northumberland			Joseph Leonard O'Brien	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Restigouche—Madawaska			Joseph Enoil Michaud	Liberal	1933
Royal			Alfred Johnson Brooks	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
St. John—Albert			King Hazen	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Victoria—Carleton			Heber Harold Hatfield	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Westmorland			Henry Read Emmerson	Liberal	1935
York—Sunbury			Richard Hanson	National Government	1921, 1940
	Progressive Conservative

Nova Scotia

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Antigonish—Guysborough			J. Ralph Kirk	Liberal	1936
Cape Breton North and Victoria			Matthew Maclean	Liberal	1937
Cape Breton South			Clarence Gillis	C.C.F.	1940
Colchester—Hants			Gordon Purdy	Liberal	1935
Cumberland			Percy Chapman Black	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Digby—Annapolis—Kings			J. L. Ilsley	Liberal	1926
Halifax			Gordon B. Isnor	Liberal	1935
				Liberal	1940
Inverness—Richmond			Moses Elijah McGarry	Liberal	1940
Pictou			Henry Byron McCulloch	Liberal	1935
Queens—Lunenburg			John James Kinley	Liberal	1935
Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare			Vincent Pottier	Liberal	1935

Ontario

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Algoma East			Thomas Farquhar	Liberal	1935
Algoma West			George E. Nixon	Liberal	1940
Brantford City			William Ross Macdonald	Liberal	1935
Brant			George Ernest Wood	Liberal	1935
Broadview			Thomas Langton Church	National Government	1933
	Progressive Conservative
Bruce			William Rae Tomlinson	Liberal	1935
Carleton			Alonzo Hyndman (died 9 April 1940)	National Government	1935
			George Russell Boucher (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Conservative	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Cochrane			Joseph-Arthur Bradette	Liberal	1926
Danforth			Joseph Henry Harris	Conservative	1921
	Progressive Conservative
Davenport			John Ritchie MacNicol	National Government	1930
	Progressive Conservative
Dufferin—Simcoe			William Earl Rowe	National Government	1925
	Progressive Conservative
Durham			Frank Rickard	Liberal	1935
Eglinton			Frederick Hoblitzell	Liberal	1940
Elgin			Wilson Mills	Liberal	1934
Essex East			Paul Martin Sr.	Liberal	1935
Essex South			Murray Clark	Liberal	1935
Essex West			Norman Alexander McLarty	Liberal	1935
Fort William			Daniel McIvor	Liberal	1935
Frontenac—Addington			Wilbert Ross Aylesworth	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Glengarry			William Burton Macdiarmid	Liberal	1940
Greenwood			Denton Massey	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
Grenville—Dundas			Arza Clair Casselman	National Government	1921, 1925
	Progressive Conservative
Grey—Bruce			Walter Harris	Liberal	1940
Grey North			William Pattison Telford, Jr. (resigned 9 December 1944 to allow Andrew McNaughton to campaign for seat, albeit unsuccessfully)	Liberal	1926, 1935
			Wilfrid Garfield Case (by-election of 1945-02-05)	Progressive Conservative	1945
Haldimand			Mark Senn	Conservative	1921
	Progressive Conservative
Halton			Hughes Cleaver	Liberal	1935
Hamilton East			Thomas Hambly Ross	Liberal	1940
Hamilton West			Colin Gibson	Liberal	1940
Hastings—Peterborough			George Stanley White	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Hastings South			George Henry Stokes	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
High Park			Alexander James Anderson	National Government	1925
	Progressive Conservative
Huron North			Elston Cardiff	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Huron—Perth			William Henry Golding	Liberal	1932
Kenora—Rainy River			Hugh McKinnon	Liberal	1934
Kent			Earl Desmond	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Kingston City			Norman McLeod Rogers (died 10 June 1940)	Liberal	1935
			Angus Lewis Macdonald (by-election of 1940-08-12)	Liberal	1940
Lambton—Kent			Hugh MacKenzie	Liberal-Progressive	1935
Lambton West			Ross Gray	Liberal	1929
Lanark			Bert Soper	Liberal	1940
Leeds			George Fulford	Liberal	1940
Lincoln			Norman Lockhart	Conservative	1935
	Progressive Conservative
London			Allan Johnston	Liberal	1940
Middlesex East			Duncan Graham Ross	Liberal	1935
Middlesex West			Robert McCubbin	Liberal	1940
Muskoka—Ontario			Stephen Furniss	Liberal	1935
Nipissing			Raoul Hurtubise	Liberal	1930
Norfolk			William Horace Taylor	Liberal	1926
Northumberland			William Alexander Fraser	Liberal	1930
Ontario			William Henry Moore	Liberal	1930
Ottawa East			Joseph Albert Pinard	Liberal	1936
Ottawa West			George McIlraith	Liberal	1940
Oxford			Almon Rennie	Liberal	1934
Parkdale			Herbert Alexander Bruce	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Parry Sound			Arthur Slaght	Liberal	1935
Peel			Gordon Graydon	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
Perth			Fred Sanderson	Liberal	1925
Peterborough West			Gordon Fraser	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Port Arthur			Clarence Decatur Howe	Liberal	1935
Prescott			Élie-Oscar Bertrand	Liberal	1929
Prince Edward—Lennox			George Tustin	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
Renfrew North			Ralph Warren	Liberal	1937
Renfrew South			James Joseph McCann	Liberal	1935
Rosedale			Harry Jackman	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Russell			Alfred Goulet	Liberal	1925
Simcoe East			George McLean	Liberal	1935
Simcoe North			Duncan Fletcher McCuaig	Liberal	1935
Spadina			Samuel Factor	Liberal	1930
Stormont			Lionel Chevrier	Liberal	1935
St. Paul's			Douglas Ross	National Government	1935
	Progressive Conservative
Timiskaming			Walter Little	Liberal	1935
Trinity			Arthur Roebuck	Liberal	1940
Victoria			Bruce McNevin	Liberal	1935
Waterloo North			William Daum Euler (until Senate appointment)	Liberal	1917
			Louis Orville Breithaupt (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Liberal	1940
Waterloo South			Karl Kenneth Homuth	National Government	1938
	Progressive Conservative
Welland			Arthur Damude (died 15 September 1941)	Liberal	1935
			Humphrey Mitchell (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1931, 1942
Wellington North			John Knox Blair	Liberal	1930
Wellington South			Robert Gladstone	Liberal	1935
Wentworth			Ellis Corman	Liberal	1940
York East			Robert Henry McGregor	National Government	1926
	Progressive Conservative
York North			William Pate Mulock	Liberal	1934
York South			Alan Cockeram (resigned to allow Arthur Meighen to campaign for seat, albeit unsuccessfully)	National Government	1940
			Joseph W. Noseworthy (by-election of 1942-02-09)	C.C.F.	1942
York West			Agar Rodney Adamson	Conservative	1940
	Progressive Conservative

Prince Edward Island

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	King's			Thomas Vincent Grant	Liberal	1935
Prince			James Ralston	Liberal	1926, 1940
Queen's			James Lester Douglas	Liberal	1940
				Liberal	1940

Quebec

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Argenteuil			James Wright McGibbon	Liberal	1940
Beauce			Édouard Lacroix	Liberal	1925
Beauharnois—Laprairie			Maxime Raymond	Liberal	1925
				Bloc populaire canadien
Bellechasse			Louis-Philippe Picard	Liberal	1940
Berthier—Maskinongé			J.-Émile Ferron	Liberal	1935
Bonaventure			Alphée Poirier	Liberal	1940
Brome—Missisquoi			Maurice Hallé	Liberal	1940
Cartier			Peter Bercovitch (died 26 December 1942)	Liberal	1938
			Fred Rose (by-election of 1943-08-09)	Labor Progressive	1943
Chambly—Rouville			Vincent Dupuis	Liberal	1929
Champlain			Hervé-Edgar Brunelle	Liberal	1935
Chapleau			Hector Authier	Liberal	1940
Charlevoix—Saguenay			Pierre-François Casgrain (until 15 December 1941 emoulment appointment)	Liberal	1917
			Frédéric Dorion (by-election of 1942-11-30)	Independent	1942
Châteauguay—Huntingdon			Donald Elmer Black	Liberal	1935
Chicoutimi			Alfred Dubuc	Liberal	1917
Compton			Joseph-Adéodat Blanchette	Liberal	1935
Dorchester			Léonard Tremblay	Liberal	1935
Drummond—Arthabaska			Armand Cloutier	Liberal	1940
Gaspé			Joseph Sasseville Roy	Independent Conservative	1940
	Independent
Hochelaga			Raymond Eudes	Liberal	1940
Hull			Alphonse Fournier	Liberal	1930
Jacques Cartier			Elphège Marier	Liberal	1939
Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm			Charles-Édouard Ferland	Liberal	1928
Kamouraska			Louis Philippe Lizotte	Liberal	1940
Labelle			Maurice Lalonde	Liberal	1935
Lake St-John—Roberval			Armand Sylvestre	Liberal	1925, 1935
Laurier			Ernest Bertrand	Liberal	1935
Laval—Two Mountains			Liguori Lacombe	Independent Liberal	1925, 1935
Lévis			Maurice Bourget	Liberal	1940
Lotbinière			Hugues Lapointe	Liberal	1940
Maisonneuve—Rosemont			Sarto Fournier	Liberal	1935
Matapédia—Matane			Arthur-Joseph Lapointe	Liberal	1935
Mégantic—Frontenac			Joseph Lafontaine	Liberal	1940
Mercier			Joseph Jean	Liberal	1932
Montmagny—L'Islet			Léo Kemner Laflamme	Liberal	1925, 1940
Mount Royal			Fred Whitman	Liberal	1940
Nicolet—Yamaska			Lucien Dubois	Liberal	1930
Outremont			Thomas Vien (resigned 5 October 1942)	Liberal	1917, 1935
			Léo Richer Laflèche (by-election of 1942-11-30)	Liberal	1942
Pontiac			Wallace McDonald	Liberal	1935
Portneuf			Pierre Gauthier	Liberal	1936
				Bloc populaire canadien
Québec—Montmorency			Wilfrid Lacroix	Liberal	1935
	Independent Liberal
Quebec East			Ernest Lapointe (died 26 November 1941)	Liberal	1904
			Louis St. Laurent (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1942
Quebec South			Charles Gavan Power	Liberal	1917
Quebec West and South			Charles Parent	Liberal	1935
	Independent Liberal
Richelieu—Verchères			Arthur Cardin	Liberal	1911
Richmond—Wolfe			James Patrick Mullins	Liberal	1935
Rimouski			Émmanuel d'Anjou	Liberal	1917, 1940
St. Ann			Thomas Healy	Liberal	1940
St. Antoine—Westmount			Douglas Abbott	Liberal	1940
St. Denis			Azellus Denis	Liberal	1935
St. Henry			Joseph-Arsène Bonnier	Liberal	1938
St. Hyacinthe—Bagot			Adélard Fontaine	Liberal	1930
St. James			Eugène Durocher	Liberal	1939
St. Johns—Iberville—Napierville			Martial Rhéaume	Liberal	1930
St. Lawrence—St. George			Brooke Claxton	Liberal	1940
St. Mary			Hermas Deslauriers (died 28 May 1941)	Liberal	1917
			Gaspard Fauteux (by-election of 1942-02-09)	Liberal	1942
St-Maurice—Laflèche			Joseph-Alphida Crête	Liberal	1935
Shefford			Joseph-Hermas Leclerc	Liberal	1935
Sherbrooke			Maurice Gingues	Liberal	1940
Stanstead			Robert Davison (until election voided 24 May 1943)	Liberal	1935
			Joseph-Armand Choquette (by-election of 1943-08-09)	Bloc populaire canadien	1943
Terrebonne			Lionel Bertrand	Independent Liberal	1940
Trois-Rivières			Robert Ryan	Liberal	1940
Témiscouata			Jean-François Pouliot	Liberal	1924
	Independent Liberal
Vaudreuil—Soulanges			Joseph Thauvette	Liberal	1930
Verdun			Paul-Émile Côté	Liberal	1940
Wright			Rodolphe Leduc	Liberal	1936

Saskatchewan

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24%	Assiniboia			Jesse Pickard Tripp	Liberal	1940
Humboldt			Harry Raymond Fleming (died 5 November 1942)	Liberal	1935
			Joseph William Burton (by-election of 1943-08-09)	C.C.F.	1943
Kindersley			Charles Henderson	Liberal	1940
Lake Centre			John Diefenbaker	National Government	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Mackenzie			Alexander Malcolm Nicholson	C.C.F.	1940
Maple Creek			Charles Evans	Liberal	1935
Melfort			Percy Wright	C.C.F.	1940
Melville			James Garfield Gardiner	Liberal	1936
Moose Jaw			J. Gordon Ross	Liberal	1925, 1935
North Battleford			Dorise Nielsen	Unity	1940
Prince Albert			William Lyon Mackenzie King	Liberal	1908, 1919, 1921, 1926
Qu'Appelle			Ernest Perley	National Government	1921
	Progressive Conservative
Regina City			Donald McNiven	Liberal	1935
Rosetown—Biggar			M. J. Coldwell	C.C.F.	1935
Rosthern			Walter Tucker	Liberal	1935
Saskatoon City			Walter George Brown (died 1 April 1940)	United Reform	1939
			Alfred Henry Bence (by-election of 1940-08-19)	Conservative	1940
	Progressive Conservative
Swift Current			Roy Theodore Graham	Liberal	1940
The Battlefords			John Gregory	Liberal	1940
Weyburn			Tommy Douglas	C.C.F.	1935
Wood Mountain			Thomas Donnelly	Liberal	1925
Yorkton			George Hugh Castleden	C.C.F.	1940

Yukon

Electoral district	Name	width=20%	Party	First elected/previously elected
width=24% rowspan=2	Yukon			George Black	National Government	1921, 1940
Progressive Conservative

By-elections

See main article: By-elections to the 19th Canadian Parliament.

References

• Web site: Government of Canada. Privy Council Office. 16th Ministry. Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. 9 November 2006. 22 February 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050222095644/http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=Publications&doc=min%2Fmin_16_e.htm. dead.
• Web site: Government of Canada. Library of Parliament. Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. 19th Parliament. 30 November 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061220074115/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/house/mpsparl.asp?Language=E. 20 December 2006. dead.
• Web site: Government of Canada. Library of Parliament. Duration of Sessions. 12 May 2006. 14 November 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071114112755/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/compilations/parliament/Sessions.aspx. dead.
• Web site: Government of Canada . Library of Parliament . General Elections . 12 May 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060504214348/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/House/asp/Elections.asp?Language=E&Hist=Y&gen=Y . 4 May 2006 .
• Web site: Government of Canada . Library of Parliament . Key Dates for each Parliament . 12 May 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20050914163314/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/info/parl-dates.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y . 14 September 2005 .
• Web site: Government of Canada . Library of Parliament . Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons . 12 May 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070311060420/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/house/OppLeader.asp?lang=E&Hist=Y . 11 March 2007 .
• Web site: Government of Canada. Library of Parliament. Prime Ministers of Canada. 12 May 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060427095217/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/pm/index.asp?Language=E&param=pi&param2=gen. 27 April 2006 . dead.
• Web site: Government of Canada . Library of Parliament . Speakers . 12 May 2006 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060917033025/http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/hf-parl-off/index.asp?Language=E . 17 September 2006 .