1998 in science explained
The year 1998 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.
Astronomy and space exploration
Botany
Computer science
Geology
Mathematics
Paleontology
- September 11 – First portion of upper body (an upper arm bone, followed later by the skull) of "Little Foot" (Stw 573), a nearly complete young female Australopithecus fossil skeleton capable of walking upright is found in the cave system of Sterkfontein, South Africa eventually dated at around 3.67 million years BP.[5]
Physics
Physiology and medicine
Technology
Institutions
Publications
- Jacques Heyman – Structural Analysis: A Historical Approach (Cambridge University Press)[17]
Awards
Richard Ewen Borcherds, William Timothy Gowers, Maxim Kontsevich and Curtis T. McMullen
Deaths
- March 13 – Hans von Ohain (b. 1911), German aeronautical engineer.
- March 15 – Benjamin Spock (b. 1903), American pediatrician.
- March 16 – Sir Derek Barton (b. 1918), English-born organic chemist, Nobel laureate.
- May 9 – R. J. G. Savage (b. 1927), British palaeontologist.
- May 14 – Marjory Stoneman Douglas (b. 1890), American conservationist.
- May 22 – José Enrique Moyal (b. 1910), Jerusalem-born mathematical physicist.
- May 31 – Michio Suzuki (b. 1926), Japanese mathematician.
- July 3 – Danielle Bunten Berry, also known as Dan Bunten (b. 1949), American software developer.
- July 12 – Arkady Ostashev (b. 1925), Soviet, Russian scientist, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, laureate of the Lenin and state prizes.
- July 14 – Miroslav Holub (b. 1923), Czech immunologist and poet.
- July 21 – Alan Shepard (b. 1923), American astronaut.
- August 4 – Yury Artyukhin (b. 1930), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.
- August 26 – Frederick Reines (b. 1918), American physicist, Nobel laureate.[18]
- October 10 – Konstantin Petrzhak (b. 1907), Soviet Russian physicist.
- October 28 – Tommy Flowers (b. 1905), English computer engineer.
- November 12 – Sally Shlaer (b. 1938), US mathematician and engineer
- November 24 – Nicholas Kurti (b. 1908), Hungarian-born physicist.
- December 5 – Hazel Bishop (b. 1906), American cosmetic chemist.
- December 7 – Martin Rodbell (b. 1925), American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist, Nobel laureate.
- December 17 – Claudia Benton (b. c.1959), American pediatric neurologist (murdered).
- December 18 – Lev Dyomin (b. 1926), Soviet Russian cosmonaut.
- December 20 – Sir Alan Hodgkin (b. 1914), English physiologist, Nobel laureate.
- December 28 – Robert Rosen (b. 1934), American theoretical biologist.
Notes and References
- Discovery of a supernova explosion at half the age of the Universe. Perlmutter, S.. Nature. 391. 51–4. 1998-01-01. 10.1038/34124. 6662. astro-ph/9712212 . 1998Natur.391...51P . 4329577 . etal.
- The Astronomical Journal. 116. 3. Riess, Adam G. . 1009–38. 10.1086/300499. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant. 1998AJ....116.1009R. astro-ph/9805201 . September 1998. etal.
- News: Nobel physics prize honours accelerating Universe find. Jason. Palmer. 2011-10-04. 2011-10-06. BBC News.
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 1998 . An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85. 4. 531–53. 2992015. 10.2307/2992015.
- News: Geggel. Laura. 'Miracle' Excavation of 'Little Foot' Skeleton Reveals Mysterious Human Relative. 2018-12-11. Live Science. 2018-12-11.
- Maldacena. Juan . The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity . Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics . 2 . 4 . 1998 . 231–252 . hep-th/9711200. 1998AdTMP...2..231M . 10.4310/ATMP.1998.V2.N2.A1.
- News: Ghostly particles rule the universe . BBC News . June 5, 1998.
- Wakefield, A. J.. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 351. 9103. 637–41. 1998-02-28. 9500320. 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0. 439791 . etal.
- Book: Goldacre, Ben. Ben Goldacre
. Ben Goldacre. The Media's MMR Hoax. Bad Science. London. Harper Perennial. 2009. 978-0-00-728487-0. 290–331.
- Book: Homer, Trevor. 151. The Book of Origins. London. Portrait. 2006. 978-0-7499-5110-8.
- Web site: EMAS: The first bionic arm. National Museums Scotland. 2017-08-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20170815184106/http://www.nms.ac.uk/explore/stories/science-and-technology/made-in-scotland-changing-the-world/scottish-science-innovations/emas-bionic-arm/. August 15, 2017. dead.
- News: World's first hand transplant. BBC. 1998-09-25. 2013-01-05.
- Poltorak, Alexander. Alexander I. Poltorak. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science. 282. 5396. 2085–8. December 1998. 9851930. 10.1126/science.282.5396.2085. 1998Sci...282.2085P. etal.
- With some small gaps. The C. elegans Sequencing Consortium. 1998. Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: A platform for investigating biology. Science. 282. 5396. 2012–2018. 10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. 9851916. 1998Sci...282.2012..
- News: Is human chip implant wave of the future? . CNN . January 13, 1999 . May 12, 2010.
- Web site: Baroness Susan Greenfield. Royal Institution. 2011-08-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721185206/http://www.rigb.org/contentControl?action=displayContent&id=00000001885. July 21, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
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- News: Wilford . John Noble . Frederick Reines Dies at 80; Nobelist Discovered Neutrino . 24 October 2021 . . 28 August 1998 . subscription.