| Election Name: | 1996 Estonian presidential election |
| Country: | Estonia |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1992 Estonian presidential election |
| Previous Year: | 1992 |
| Next Election: | 2001 Estonian presidential election |
| Next Year: | 2001 |
| Election Date: | 26 August 1996 27 August 1996 20 September 1996 |
| Nominee1: | Lennart Meri |
| Party1: | Pro Patria Union |
| Color1: | 014F9A |
| Nominee2: | Arnold Rüütel |
| Party2: | People's Union of Estonia |
| Color2: | F5B453 |
| Nominee3: | Tunne Kelam |
| Party3: | Pro Patria Union |
| Color3: | 014F9A |
| Nominee4: | Siiri Oviir |
| Party4: | Estonian Centre Party |
| Color4: | 007557 |
| Nominee5: | Enn Tõugu |
| Party5: | Independent |
| Color5: | DDDDDD |
| President | |
| Before Election: | Lennart Meri |
| Before Party: | Pro Patria Union |
| After Election: | Lennart Meri |
| After Party: | Pro Patria Union |
The Estonian presidential election is an indirect election in which the President of Estonia is elected.[1] The first round was held on August 26, 1996, the second and third round on August 27, 1996. As no one reached a sufficient majority in the closed ballot vote of the Riigikogu, the next stage was held on September 20 at the Constituent Assembly. Seated President Lennart Meri was elected for a further term.[2]
In August 1991, Estonia declared its independence from the Soviet Union. Lennart Meri was elected as the first President of Estonia after the restoration of Estonian sovereignty.
When the incumbent President Lennart Meri ran for re-election in 1996, his main challenger was Arnold Rüütel, the former Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Estonia
According to Section 79 of the Estonian Constitution of 1992, the State Assembly (Riigikogu) was first called upon to elect the head of state. A candidate needs 68 yes votes from the 101 Assembly members to be elected. The three rounds of voting were held from August 26 to 27, with none of the candidates managed to secure the majority in State Assembly.
As a result, on September 20, 1996, a special electoral assembly (Valimiskogu) convened at the hall of Estonian National Opera in Tallinn. It consisted of the 101 members of Estonian State Assembly and 273 electors who were delegated by the local authorities (cities and municipalities)
In the electoral assembly, the person who receives more than half of the votes cast by the 374 members of the electoral assembly will be elected as President. Moreover, At least 21 members of the electoral council had the right to nominate a candidate. The registration of candidates started on September 16 and ended on September 18. In addition to the two candidates from the previous voting processes, three more candidates were registered: Tunne Kelam, the then Vice Speaker of the Riigikogu; Enn Tõugu, a computer scientist with no party affiliation; and Siiri Oviir, former Minister of Social Affairs.
The first voting process in Electoral Body had five candidates. None of them received the majority votes necessary for winning the election. Therefore the two front-runners of the first voting, Lennart Meri and Arnold Rüütel, faced off in a second voting process held on the same day. Lennart Meri was able to prevail against his challenger Arnold Rüütel with 196 yes votes.[3]
| Voting in the Riigikogu | Voting in Electoral Body | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | First round | Second round | Third round | First round | Second Round | ||||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Lennart Meri | 45 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 139 | 37 | 196 | 53 | |
| Arnold Rüütel | 34 | 36 | 34 | 35 | 32 | 33 | 85 | 23 | 126 | 34 | |
| Tunne Kelam | - | - | - | - | - | - | 76 | 20 | - | - | |
| Enn Tõugu | - | - | - | - | - | - | 47 | 13 | - | - | |
| Siiri Oviir | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25 | 7 | - | - | |
| Invalid/blank votes | 16 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 13 | |
| Total | 95 | 96 | 96 | 372 | 372 | ||||||