1996 British Columbia general election explained

Election Name:1996 British Columbia general election
Country:British Columbia
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Party Colour:no
Party Name:no
Previous Election:1991 British Columbia general election
Previous Year:1991
Next Election:2001 British Columbia general election
Next Year:2001
Seats For Election:75 seats of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
38 seats were needed for a majority
Election Date:May 28, 1996
Outgoing Members:35th Parliament of British Columbia
Elected Members:36th Parliament of British Columbia
Turnout:71.50%[1] 3.57 pp
Leader1:Glen Clark
Leader Since1:1996
Last Election1:51 seats
Seats1:39
Seat Change1:12
Popular Vote1:624,395
Percentage1:39.45%
Swing1:1.26
Leader2:Gordon Campbell
Leader Since2:1993
Leaders Seat2:Vancouver-Point Grey
Last Election2:17 seats
Seats2:33
Seat Change2:16
Popular Vote2:661,929
Percentage2:41.82%
Swing2:8.58
Image4: Ref
Leader Since4:1995
Last Election4:0 seats
Seats4:2
Seat Change4:2
Popular Vote4:146,734
Percentage4:9.27%
Swing4:9.09
Image5: PDA
Leader5:Gordon Wilson
Leader Since5:1993
Leaders Seat5:Powell River-Sunshine Coast
Last Election5:pre-creation
Seats5:1
Seat Change5:1
Popular Vote5:90,797
Percentage5:5.74%
Swing5:5.74
Premier
Before Election:Glen Clark
Posttitle:Premier after election
After Election:Glen Clark

The 1996 British Columbia general election was the 36th provincial election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on April 30, 1996,[2] and held on May 28, 1996. Voter turnout was 59.1 per cent of all eligible voters. The election is notable for producing a "false-winner" outcome, rewarding a party that got second in the popular vote with a majority government.

New Democratic Party leader and provincial premier Mike Harcourt had resigned as the result of a fundraising scandal involving one of the members of his caucus. Glen Clark was chosen by the party to replace Harcourt. Clark led the party to a second majority government, defeating the Liberal Party of Gordon Campbell, who had become leader of the Liberal Party after Gordon Wilson had been forced out of the position because of his relationship with another Liberal member of the legislature, Judi Tyabji.

After Wilson was defeated by Campbell in the convention to choose a new leader, he and Tyabji left the Liberal Party to establish the Progressive Democratic Alliance. Wilson was able to win re-election, but Tyabji was not, who went down to defeat with all of the other candidates fielded by the new party.

The once-dominant Social Credit Party collapsed. It elected Grace McCarthy as its leader in 1993, but she was unable to make a bid to get into the legislature until 1994, when she lost a by-election in the longtime Socred stronghold of Matsqui. Soon afterward, four of its remaining six members defected to Reform BC, leaving Social Credit without official status in the legislature. One more seat was lost in a by-election, reducing the party's representation to one MLA, Cliff Serwa. Serwa retired before the election, however, leaving the party with no incumbents. Party leader Larry Gillanders withdrew from the race while the campaign was in progress, saying that all right-wing parties should unite to topple the ruling NDP. The Socreds won only 0.4% of the vote and were completely shut out of the legislature. While the party still nominally existed until 2023 (with a hiatus from 2013 to 2016), it never elected another MLA. Reform BC held on to two of its four seats.

Although the Liberals won the largest share of the popular vote, most of their votes were wasted in the outer regions of the province, and it won only 8 seats in the Vancouver area. That allowed the NDP to win 6 more seats than the opposition Liberals, eking out a majority government. This was the last election to return an NDP majority until 2020, 24 years later.

Opinion polls

Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firmLast day
of survey
SourceBCNDPBCLPRPBCPDABCSCOtherSample
Election 1996May 28, 199639.4541.829.275.740.403.32
McIntyre & MustelMay 23, 1996[3] 43.340.99.90
Angus ReidMay 14, 1996404112
McIntyre & MustelMay 11, 1996[4] 4535.414.71.70.5
Angus ReidMay 2, 1996[5] [6] 453317
McIntyre & MustelMay 1, 1996[7] 4436161.61.4
Election called (April 30, 1996)
Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firmLast day
of survey
SourceBCNDPBCLPRPBCPDABCSCOtherSample
MarktrendApril 14, 1996[8] 383221
Angus ReidMarch 12, 1996[9] 40381631
McIntyre & MustelMarch 1996[10] 38382013
MarkTrendFebruary 23, 1996[11] 293827
ViewpointsJanuary 17, 1996[12] 34.940.620
MarkTrendJanuary 1996283727
Glen Clark becomes leader of the NDP and Premier (February 22, 1996)
Angus ReidDecember 12, 1995[13] 354022
Mike Harcourt announces resignation as Premier and leader of the NDP (November 15, 1995)[14]
Angus ReidNovember 8, 1995[15] 244922
McIntyre & MustelMarch 1995[16] 28472123
Jack Weisgerber becomes leader of the BC Reform Party (January 15, 1995)[17]
MarkTrendDecember 1994[18] 254128
McIntyre & MustelDecember 1994[19] 314220
ViewpointsNovember 1994[20] 304222
McIntyre & MustelSeptember 199425412653
Angus ReidSeptember 1994[21] 3044197
McIntyre & MustelJune 5, 1994[22] 21392875
ViewpointsJune 1994[23] 3039243
MarktrendJune 19942338343
Angus ReidMarch 1994[24] 255370.4[25] 10
March 1994[26] 25382110
Angus ReidDecember 1993[27] 214714
McIntyre & MustelDecember 1993[28] 204918
PDA founded (December 5, 1993)
Angus ReidSeptember 1993[29] 264814
Gordon Campbell becomes leader of the BC Liberals (September 11, 1993)
McIntyre & MustelSeptember 1993[30] 275019
Angus ReidJune 1993274222
Angus ReidMarch 10, 1993[31] 423217
Angus ReidNovember 19923147
Angus Reid-Southam NewsAugust 31, 1992[32] 334616
Angus Reid-Southam NewsJuly 1992483211
Election 1991October 17, 199140.7133.250.18style="background:#ffd;" -24.271.59

Results

Elections to the 36th Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (1996)
PartyLeaderCandidatesVotesSeats
±%Change (pp)19911996±Glen Clark75 624,395 29,004 39.455112Gordon Campbell75 661,929 175,721 41.821716Jack Weisgerber75 146,734 143,701 9.272Gordon Wilson66 90,797 90,797 5.741Larry Gillanders38 6,276 345,384 0.4077Stuart Parker71 31,511 18,861 1.9923 10,067 214 0.64-0.0714 4,150 2,840 0.260.1738 2,919 2,919 0.18New17 2,041 1,181 0.130.07Peter B. Macdonald8 1,002 576 0.060.03Doug Christie5 374 277 0.02-0.02Ross Ellis5 291 291 0.02New3 218 126 0.010.01
Total 5131,582,704100.00%
Rejected ballots9,951 20,782
Turnout1,592,655 99,45571.50% 3.57
Registered voters2,227,424 238,370

MLAs elected

Synopsis of results

See main article: Results of the 1996 British Columbia general election by riding.

Results by riding - 1996 British Columbia general election
RidingWinning partyTurnout
[33]
Votes[34]
Name1991Party Votes Share Margin
#
Margin
%
NDPLibRefGrnTotal
 
AbbotsfordSCLib10,998 50.24% 5,593 25.55% 69.25% 5,405 10,998 4,086 1,126 274 21,889
AlberniNDPNDP7,398 52.01% 2,299 16.16% 73.32% 7,398 5,099 823 578 195 58 72 14,223
Bulkley Valley-StikineNDPNDP4,779 37.02% 1,053 8.16% 71.05% 4,779 3,726 3,473 624 151 155 12,908
Burnaby-EdmondsNDPNDP9,912 46.45% 1,142 5.35% 70.63% 9,912 8,770 1,008 1,067 387 120 77 21,341
Burnaby NorthNDPNDP8,926 45.47% 766 3.90% 72.70% 8,926 8,160 1,081 976 395 62 31 19,631
Burnaby-WillingdonNDPNDP10,501 45.54% 823 3.57% 71.73% 10,501 9,678 999 1,161 458 74 190 23,061
Cariboo NorthNDPLib5,533 40.87% 353 2.61% 70.05% 5,180 5,533 2,561 168 97 13,539
Cariboo SouthNDPNDP6,372 41.45% 322 2.09% 70.88% 6,372 6,050 2,684 267 15,373
ChilliwackLibLib9,273 37.90% 3,284 13.42% 68.57% 5,989 9,273 3,237 232 5,736 24,467
Columbia River-RevelstokeNDPNDP6,264 42.52% 1,092 7.41% 71.04% 6,264 5,172 2,687 282 270 58 14,733
Comox ValleyNDPNDP13,230 42.76% 2,509 8.11% 72.86% 13,230 10,721 3,451 1,039 1,296 398 804 30,939
Coquitlam-MaillardvilleNDPNDP10,812 45.91% 1,372 5.83% 72.33% 10,812 9,440 1,434 1,289 133 123 320 23,551
Cowichan-LadysmithNDPNDP12,249 49.85% 4,466 18.18% 73.97% 12,249 7,783 2,434 1,459 645 24,570
Delta NorthNDPLib9,305 45.50% 648 3.17% 74.88% 8,657 9,305 755 1,385 347 20,449
Delta SouthLibLib13,415 58.78% 7,431 32.56% 74.55% 5,984 13,415 1,371 1,215 333 200 304 22,822
Esquimalt-MetchosinNDPNDP13,833 59.54% 7,063 30.40% 68.16% 13,833 6,770 1,179 921 376 60 58 35 23,232
Fort Langley-AldergroveLibLib12,005 47.30% 4,636 18.26% 76.09% 7,369 12,005 3,484 1,737 472 316 25,383
KamloopsNDPNDP10,135 44.30% 862 3.77% 69.56% 10,135 9,273 1,721 1,241 508 22,878
Kamloops-North ThompsonNDPLib7,313 43.43% 368 2.19% 72.65% 6,945 7,313 1,710 401 468 16,837
KootenayNDPNDP6,398 38.59% 511 3.08% 68.15% 6,398 5,887 3,718 363 215 16,581
LangleyLibLib9,277 46.62% 3,482 17.50% 73.19% 5,795 9,277 3,224 1,195 262 148 19,901
Malahat-Juan de FucaNDPNDP10,686 48.63% 3,130 14.24% 72.91% 10,686 7,556 1,887 1,061 601 98 84 21,973
Maple Ridge-Pitt MeadowsNDPNDP12,946 46.07% 1,986 7.07% 73.30% 12,946 10,960 1,470 2,011 464 90 158 28,099
MatsquiSCLib10,903 50.81% 5,554 25.88% 68.41% 5,349 10,903 4,405 216 385 199 21,457
Mission-KentNDPNDP8,232 44.16% 1,120 6.01% 70.92% 8,232 7,112 1,618 1,243 324 113 18,642
NanaimoNDPNDP11,210 48.75% 3,538 15.39% 69.79% 11,210 7,672 1,867 1,337 486 311 113 22,996
Nelson-CrestonNDPNDP9,179 44.90% 2,745 13.43% 75.20% 9,179 6,434 2,114 2,282 360 73 20,442
New WestminsterNDPNDP10,418 46.69% 1,827 8.19% 70.41% 10,418 8,591 1,446 1,121 488 107 142 22,313
North CoastNDPNDP7,298 64.82% 4,399 39.07% 63.33% 7,298 2,899 830 232 11,259
North IslandNDPNDP8,385 45.80% 1,604 8.76% 69.55% 8,385 6,781 1,776 887 479 18,308
North Vancouver-LonsdaleNDPLib9,325 46.37% 2,174 10.81% 71.16% 7,151 9,325 1,241 1,736 417 93 149 20,112
North Vancouver-SeymourLibLib14,165 56.35% 7,489 29.79% 76.91% 6,676 14,165 1,737 1,713 645 105 44 54 25,139
Oak Bay-Gordon HeadNDPLib12,340 46.59% 640 2.42% 79.49% 11,700 12,340 675 937 566 48 56 47 118 26,487
Okanagan-BoundaryNDPLib7,011 38.35% 27 0.15% 75.05% 6,984 7,011 2,810 775 356 183 163 18,282
Okanagan EastLibLib9,382 38.37% 2,950 12.06% 70.24% 5,176 9,382 3,116 6,432 347 24,453
Okanagan-PentictonNDPLib10,661 43.07% 1,569 6.34% 73.41% 9,092 10,661 2,976 1,444 464 113 24,750
Okanagan-VernonSCLib9,776 39.06% 2,279 9.11% 71.03% 7,497 9,776 5,356 1,839 334 227 25,029
Okanagan WestSCLib15,575 46.00% 7,294 21.54% 71.02% 8,281 15,575 4,858 4,225 519 399 33,857
Parksville-QualicumNDPLib13,459 41.19% 483 1.48% 77.12% 12,976 13,459 3,955 1,669 422 110 81 32,672
Peace River NorthSCRef5,299 48.41% 2,162 19.75% 60.49% 1,975 3,137 5,299 169 240 125 10,945
Peace River SouthSCRef3,901 31.89% 123 1.01% 62.60% 3,778 3,774 3,901 183 145 452 12,233
Port CoquitlamNDPNDP14,767 46.37% 1,457 4.58% 73.48% 14,767 13,310 1,335 1,789 417 124 102 31,844
Port Moody-Burnaby MountainNDPLib10,272 44.73% 468 2.04% 73.40% 9,804 10,272 1,039 1,408 441 22,964
Powell River-Sunshine CoastLibPD10,833 49.05% 4,745 21.49% 75.37% 6,088 3,911 677 10,833 518 57 22,084
Prince George-Mount RobsonNDPNDP4,713 40.67% 949 8.19% 63.84% 4,713 3,764 2,076 788 247 11,588
Prince George NorthNDPNDP5,837 39.58% 914 6.20% 66.75% 5,837 4,923 2,430 891 173 495 14,749
Prince George-OminecaSCLib5,514 36.88% 308 2.06% 67.79% 5,206 5,514 2,998 1,023 209 14,950
Richmond CentreLibLib9,925 55.52% 4,202 23.51% 68.67% 5,723 9,925 614 996 235 154 38 65 126 17,876
Richmond EastLibLib10,205 55.60% 4,442 24.20% 71.62% 5,763 10,205 792 1,093 235 139 43 83 18,353
Richmond-StevestonLibLib9,643 56.65% 4,602 27.04% 74.36% 5,041 9,643 556 919 188 88 38 450 99 17,022
Rossland-TrailNDPNDP8,635 50.74% 2,712 15.94% 74.99% 8,635 5,923 1,366 660 434 17,018
Saanich North and the IslandsLibLib13,374 47.57% 2,828 10.06% 77.89% 10,546 13,374 1,627 1,533 898 72 63 28,113
Saanich SouthNDPNDP11,394 46.11% 527 2.13% 77.16% 11,394 10,867 676 1,198 343 86 144 24,708
ShuswapNDPLib8,596 34.55% 727 2.92% 72.79% 7,869 8,596 5,617 1,325 237 221 1,014 24,879
SkeenaNDPNDP5,353 40.34% 635 4.79% 70.72% 5,353 4,718 2,744 205 249 13,269
Surrey-CloverdaleLibLib14,297 48.27% 5,466 18.46% 74.75% 8,831 14,297 2,690 2,417 366 306 709 29,616
Surrey-Green TimbersNDPNDP10,278 50.11% 3,348 16.32% 69.40% 10,278 6,930 1,183 1,150 228 114 255 32 101 241 20,512
Surrey-NewtonNDPNDP13,969 49.54% 4,181 14.83% 71.33% 13,969 9,788 1,244 1,841 340 174 577 48 217 28,198
Surrey-WhalleyNDPNDP7,396 50.14% 2,820 19.12% 65.38% 7,396 4,576 1,302 968 243 115 70 82 14,752
Surrey-White RockLibLib18,039 58.04% 9,824 31.61% 75.89% 8,215 18,039 2,519 1,110 677 226 295 31,081
Vancouver-BurrardNDPNDP10,646 49.70% 2,671 12.47% 62.68% 10,646 7,975 671 1,014 563 93 458 21,420
Vancouver-FraserviewNDPNDP8,774 45.97% 380 1.99% 71.94% 8,774 8,394[35] 643 815 225 177 57 19,085
Vancouver-HastingsNDPNDP9,894 54.01% 3,549 19.37% 67.96% 9,894 6,345 568 824 486 137 64 18,318
Vancouver-KensingtonNDPNDP9,496 50.74% 1,888 10.09% 70.25% 9,496 7,608 472 537 349 135 119 18,716
Vancouver-KingswayNDPNDP10,525 55.46% 3,528 18.59% 71.07% 10,525 6,997 367 518 264 75 65 69 98 18,978
Vancouver-LangaraLibLib11,038 60.20% 5,523 30.12% 68.66% 5,515 11,038 519 839 337 89 18,337
Vancouver-Little MountainNDPLib12,036 50.25% 2,646 11.05% 68.32% 9,390 12,036 489 1,062 714 85 82 96 23,954
Vancouver-Mount PleasantNDPNDP11,155 64.05% 6,912 39.69% 60.50% 11,155 4,243 354 584 759 86 114 121 17,416
Vancouver-Point GreyNDPLib12,637 48.86% 1,563 6.04% 71.03% 11,074 12,637 406 857 683 62 76 70 25,865
Vancouver-QuilchenaLibLib15,509 68.68% 10,532 46.64% 75.71% 4,977 15,509 495 827 627 91 57 22,583
Victoria-Beacon HillNDPNDP11,960 52.51% 4,324 18.98% 68.17% 11,960 7,636 654 1,093 1,008 96 64 73 194 22,778
Victoria-HillsideNDPNDP11,585 53.32% 4,723 21.74% 67.53% 11,585 6,862 979 1,227 790 97 188 21,728
West Vancouver-CapilanoLibLib16,675 71.29% 13,189 56.38% 76.63% 3,486 16,675 1,326 1,182 461 174 47 40 23,391
West Vancouver-GaribaldiLibLib12,326 57.17% 6,038 28.00% 73.03% 6,288 12,326 1,430 693 532 98 36 159 21,562
Yale-LillooetNDPNDP7,080 41.06% 1,168 6.77% 72.21% 7,080 5,912 3,419 706 124 17,241

= Open seat

= turnout is above provincial average

= winning candidate was in previous Legislature

= Incumbent had switched allegiance

= Previously incumbent in another riding

= Not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature

= Incumbency arose from by-election gain

= other incumbents renominated

= previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada

= Multiple candidates

Summary analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place[36]
Party in 1st place Party in 2nd place Total
NDP Lib PD
39 39
32 1 33
1 1 2
1 1
Total34 40 1 75
Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party
Parties 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
39 34 2
33 40 2
2 44 24 5
1 1 24 37 3
2 9 52
1 4
4 2
1 5
2

Seats changing hands

Of the 75 seats, 23 were open, of which 21 had members who chose not to stand for reelection, and two arose from MLAs campaigning in another riding. Voters in only 20 seats changed allegiance from the previous election in 1991:

NDP to Liberal (12)
Social Credit to Liberal (5)
Social Credit to Reform (2)
Liberal to Progressive Democrat (1)
Source !!colspan="5"
Party
align="center" NDPLib align="center" Ref align="center" PDTotal
Seats retained Incumbents returned28 8 36
Open seats held11 5 16
Ouster of incumbents changing affiliation3 3
Seats changing hands Incumbents defeated8 8
Open seats gained - new MLAs5 5
Open seats gained - taken by MLAs previously incumbent in another riding2 2
Byelection gains held2 2
Incumbents changing allegiance2 1 3
Total39 33 2 1 75

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: B.C. Voter Participation: 1983 to 2013 . . May 11, 2017 . March 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328040547/https://142.34.128.33/docs/stats/bc-voter-participation-1983-2013.pdf . dead .
  2. News: Haysom . Ian . Calgary Herald . B.C. calls vote after budget . May 1, 1996 . A3.
  3. News: McInnes . Craig . B.C. vote too close to call, poll finds: Key to outcome may lie in how many Reformers opt for Liberals to block a win by NDP . May 25, 1996 . A13 . The Globe and Mail.
  4. News: McInnes . Craig . NDP pads lead in B.C. campaign poll: Liberal Leader still slips as voters' pick for premier despite publicity efforts last week B.C. Poll . May 13, 1996 . A4 . The Globe and Mail.
  5. News: B.C. NDP, Liberals in dead heat poll shows . May 16, 1996 . A9 . The Gazette.
  6. News: Haysom . Ian . No one is ready to dismiss third-place Reform party . May 6, 1996 . A6 . The Ottawa Citizen.
  7. News: McInnes . Craig . NDP climbs into lead in B.C. poll Support for opposition drops as new Premier pulls party past early-favourite Liberals . May 3, 1996 . A8 . The Globe and Mail.
  8. News: Hauka . Don . Poll surge heartens NDP: Premier urged to drop writ as voters sour on Liberals . April 18, 1996 . A5 . The Province.
  9. News: Rowlands . Bob . NDP, Grits in dead heat . May 16, 1996 . 1 . The Times Colonist.
  10. News: McInnes . Craig . NDP climbs into lead in B.C. poll: Support for opposition drops as new Premier pulls party past early-favourite Liberals . May 3, 1996 . A8 . The Globe and Mail.
  11. News: Poll shows NDP stalled . March 2, 1996 . A18 . The Vancouver Sun.
  12. News: New poll shows NDP closing gap on Grits . January 24, 1996 . The Times Colonist . A4, 1.
  13. News: Fong . Petti . New Democrats surge ahead in latest B.C. poll . December 18, 1995 . A1 . The Vancouver Sun.
  14. News: B.C. premier quits after poll results . Schreiner . John . Damsell . Keith . November 16, 1995 . 5 . Financial Post.
  15. News: Grits likely next B.C. government . November 12, 1995 . 1 . Times Colonist.
  16. News: Poll rains on hopes of NDP in B.C. Liberals get twice the backing no matter who takes over . November 21, 1995 . N4 . The Globe and Mail.
  17. News: Leyne . Les . Weisberger elected leader on first ballot . January 15, 1995 . 1 . Times Colonist.
  18. News: Hunter . Justine . Voters say they still prefer Liberals . December 15, 1994 . B8 . The Vancouver Sun.
  19. News: McLintock . Barbara . NDP on rise, says survey . December 14, 1996 . A12 . The Province.
  20. News: Baldrey . Keith . NDP's own poll puts Liberals in lead . November 25, 1994 . B4 . The Vancouver Sun.
  21. News: Kieran. Brian . NDP facing an uphill election battle . January 15, 1995 . A6 . The Province.
  22. News: Austin . Ian . Hauka . Don . Support grows for B.C. Reform: Gain from Grits: Poll . June 10, 1994 . A12 . The Province.
  23. News: Two polls put B.C. Liberals on top . June 4, 1994 . 1 . Times Colonist.
  24. News: Smyth . Michael . Poll: Grits leave NDP in distance. March 19, 1994 . 1 . Times Colonist.
  25. News: Hunter . Justine . Harcourt's popularity on rise, poll says: Liberals still first with voters, Reform party shows gains . March 19, 1994 . A3 . The Vancouver Sun.
  26. News: Cernetig . Miro . Socreds' collapse creates a political vacuum . March 10, 1994 . A4 . The Globe and Mail.
  27. News: Leyne . Les . B.C. Liberals keep big lead in Reid poll . January 6, 1994 . 1 . Times Colonist.
  28. News: McLintock . Barbara . Colebourn . John . Campbell's Grits No. 1: NDP, Socreds eat Liberals' dust. December 15, 1993 . A6 . The Province.
  29. News: Hunter. Justine. Socred support plummets to only 14%, Reid poll shows . October 30, 1993 . A6 . The Vancouver Sun.
  30. News: McLintock . Barbara . We like Gordon Campbell best, for now: Poll . September 10, 1993 . A5 . The Province.
  31. News: Baldrey . Keith . B.C. Liberals dive in poll: Leader thought taking party down with him . March 18, 1993 . A1 . The Vancouver Sun.
  32. News: O'Neil. Peter . Honeymoon over - or blip in poll . September 4, 1992 . A4 . The Vancouver Sun.
  33. including spoilt ballots
  34. parties receiving more than 1% of the popular vote, or fielding candidates in at least half of the constituencies, are listed separately. Family Coalition is also shown separately, as it received more votes than Natural Law while fielding fewer candidates.
  35. [Gulzar Singh Cheema]
  36. Summarized from Web site: 1996 Voting Results by Voting Area. . Elections BC. March 13, 2024.