1995 Spanish local elections explained
| Election Name: | 1995 Spanish local elections |
| Country: | Spain |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1991 Spanish local elections |
| Previous Year: | 1991 |
| Next Election: | 1999 Spanish local elections |
| Next Year: | 1999 |
| Seats For Election: | 65,869 councillors in 8,067 municipal councils
1,034 seats in 38 provincial deputations |
| Registered: | 31,953,812 |
| Turnout: | 22,324,852 (69.9%)
7.1 pp |
| Election Date: | 28 May 1995 |
| Leader1: | José María Aznar |
| Party1: | People's Party (Spain) |
| Leader Since1: | 4 September 1989 |
| Last Election1: | 19,543 c., 25.7% |
| Seats1: | 24,772 |
| Seat Change1: | 5,229 |
| Popular Vote1: | 7,820,392 |
| Percentage1: | 35.3% |
| Swing1: | 9.6 pp |
| Leader2: | Felipe González |
| Party2: | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party |
| Leader Since2: | 13 October 1974 |
| Last Election2: | 25,365 c., 38.7% |
| Seats2: | 21,189 |
| Seat Change2: | 4,176 |
| Popular Vote2: | 6,838,607 |
| Percentage2: | 30.8% |
| Swing2: | 7.9 pp |
| Leader3: | Julio Anguita |
| Party3: | United Left (Spain) |
| Leader Since3: | 12 February 1989 |
| Last Election3: | 2,537 c., 8.0% |
| Seats3: | 3,493 |
| Seat Change3: | 956 |
| Popular Vote3: | 2,589,780 |
| Percentage3: | 11.7% |
| Swing3: | 3.7 pp |
| Leader4: | Jordi Pujol |
| Party4: | Convergence and Union |
| Leader Since4: | 19 September 1978 |
| Last Election4: | 4,360 c., 4.9% |
| Seats4: | 4,265 |
| Seat Change4: | 95 |
| Popular Vote4: | 975,037 |
| Percentage4: | 4.4% |
| Swing4: | 0.5 pp |
| Leader5: | Xabier Arzalluz |
| Party5: | Basque Nationalist Party |
| Leader Since5: | 18 January 1985 |
| Last Election5: | 993 c., 1.6% |
| Seats5: | 1,015 |
| Seat Change5: | 22 |
| Popular Vote5: | 313,318 |
| Percentage5: | 1.4% |
| Swing5: | 0.2 pp |
| Leader6: | Antonio Moreno |
| Party6: | Andalusian Party |
| Leader Since6: | July 1994 |
| Last Election6: | 540 c., 1.8% |
| Seats6: | 345 |
| Seat Change6: | 195 |
| Popular Vote6: | 260,249 |
| Percentage6: | 1.2% |
| Swing6: | 0.6 pp |
| Map Size: | 435px |
The 1995 Spanish local elections were held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, to elect all 65,869 councillors in the 8,067 municipalities of Spain and all 1,034 seats in 38 provincial deputations.[1] [2] The elections were held simultaneously with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities, as well as local elections in the three foral deputations of the Basque Country and the ten island councils in the Balearic and Canary Islands.
Electoral system
- Municipal electionsMunicipalities in Spain were local corporations with independent legal personality. They had a governing body, the municipal council or corporation, composed of a mayor, deputy mayors and a plenary assembly of councillors. Voting for the local assemblies was on the basis of universal suffrage, with all nationals over eighteen, registered in the corresponding municipality and in full enjoyment of all political rights entitled to vote. The mayor was in turn elected by the plenary assembly, with a legal clause providing for the candidate of the most-voted party to be automatically elected to the post in the event no other candidate was to gather an absolute majority of votes.
Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each local council. Councillors were allocated to municipal councils based on the following scale:
| Population | Councillors |
|---|
| <250 | 5 |
| 251–1,000 | 7 |
| 1,001–2,000 | 9 |
| 2,001–5,000 | 11 |
| 5,001–10,000 | 13 |
| 10,001–20,000 | 17 |
| 20,001–50,000 | 21 |
| 50,001–100,000 | 25 |
| >100,001 | +1 per each 100,000 inhabitants or fraction
+1 if total is an even number | |
Councillors of municipalities with populations between 100 and 250 inhabitants were elected under an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties and for up to four candidates. Additionally, municipalities below 100 inhabitants, as well as those whose geographical location or the best management of municipal interests or other circumstances made it advisable, were to be organized through the open council system (Spanish; Castilian: régimen de concejo abierto), in which voters would directly elect the local major.[3] [4] [5]
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they sought election:
- At least 1 percent of the electors in municipalities below 5,000 inhabitants, provided that the number of signers was more than double that of councillors at stake.
- At least 100 signatures in municipalities between 5,001 and 10,000.
- At least 500 signatures in municipalities between 10,001 and 50,000.
- At least 1,500 signatures in municipalities between 50,001 and 150,000.
- At least 3,000 signatures in municipalities between 150,001 and 300,000.
- At least 5,000 signatures in municipalities between 300,001 and 1,000,000.
- At least 8,000 signatures in municipalities over 1,000,001.
Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[3] [4]
- Deputations and island councilsProvincial deputations were the governing bodies of provinces in Spain, having an administration role of municipal activities and composed of a provincial president, an administrative body, and a plenary. Basque provinces had foral deputations instead—called Juntas Generales—, whereas deputations for single-province autonomous communities were abolished: their functions transferred to the corresponding regional parliaments. For insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, deputations were replaced by island councils in each of the islands or group of islands. For Majorca, Menorca and Ibiza–Formentera this figure was referred to in Spanish as consejo insular (Catalan; Valencian: consell insular), whereas for Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma its name was cabildo insular.
Most deputations were indirectly elected by local councillors from municipalities in each judicial district. Seats were allocated to provincial deputations based on the following scale:
| Population | Seats |
|---|
| <500,000 | 25 |
| 500,001–1,000,000 | 27 |
| 1,000,001–3,500,000 | 31 |
| >3,500,001 | 51 | |
Island councils and foral deputations were elected directly by electors under their own, specific electoral regulations.[3] [4]
Municipal elections
Overall
← Summary of the 28 May 1995 municipal election results in Spain →| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Councillors |
|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/- |
|---|
| People's Party and allies (PP–UPN) | 7,820,392 | 35.27 | +9.56 | 24,772 | +5,229 |
| People's Party (PP) | 7,743,656 | 34.93 | +9.59 | 24,479 | +5,181 |
| Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | 76,736 | 0.35 | –0.01 | 293 | +48 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and allies (PSOE–PSC) | 6,838,607 | 30.84 | –7.88 | 21,189 | –4,176 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 5,771,843 | 26.03 | –7.30 | 19,483 | –4,038 |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | 1,066,764 | 4.81 | –0.59 | 1,706 | –138 |
| United Left and allies (IU–IC) | 2,589,780 | 11.68 | +3.67 | 3,493 | +956 |
| United Left (IU) | 2,203,281 | 9.94 | +3.33 | 3,104 | +843 |
| Initiative for Catalonia–The Greens (IC–EV) | 386,499 | 1.74 | +0.34 | 389 | +113 |
| Convergence and Union and allies (CiU–CDA–PNA) | 975,037 | 4.40 | –0.46 | 4,265 | –95 |
| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 313,318 | 1.41 | –0.18 | 1,015 | +22 |
| Andalusian Party (PA) | 260,249 | 1.17 | –0.65 | 345 | –195 |
| Canarian Coalition (CC) | 247,219 | 1.12 | +0.04 | 429 | +101 |
| Canarian Coalition (CC)2 | 211,882 | 0.96 | +0.28 | 372 | +126 |
| Canarian Initiative (ICAN) | 21,140 | 0.10 | –0.27 | 30 | –47 |
| Nationalist Canarian Centre (CCN) | 10,915 | 0.05 | New | 19 | +19 |
| Independents of Gran Canaria (IGC) | 3,282 | 0.01 | –0.03 | 8 | +3 |
| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 208,098 | 0.94 | +0.37 | 428 | +187 |
| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 204,906 | 0.92 | +0.43 | 525 | +297 |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 184,742 | 0.83 | –0.23 | 621 | –80 |
| Basque Solidarity (EA) | 133,576 | 0.60 | –0.10 | 406 | +13 |
| Valencian Union–Independents–Centrists (UV–FICVA–CCV) | 129,759 | 0.59 | –0.40 | 215 | –120 |
| Aragonese Party (PAR) | 116,447 | 0.53 | –0.15 | 1,050 | –171 |
| Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 86,895 | 0.39 | New | 79 | +79 |
| Valencian People's Union–Nationalist Bloc (UPV–BN) | 84,462 | 0.38 | +0.09 | 168 | +76 |
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 81,560 | 0.37 | –3.51 | 261 | –2,678 |
| Platform of Independents of Spain (PIE) | 79,338 | 0.36 | New | 206 | +206 |
| Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 41,628 | 0.19 | –0.19 | 170 | –115 |
| Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 40,246 | 0.18 | +0.04 | 97 | +31 |
| Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalists of Majorca (PSM–NM) | 37,230 | 0.17 | +0.06 | 91 | +37 |
| Socialist Party of Menorca–Nationalists of the Islands (PSM–NI)3 | 2,352 | 0.01 | –0.01 | 6 | –5 |
| Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE) | 664 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | –1 |
| Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 36,438 | 0.16 | +0.05 | 43 | +24 |
| Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 34,715 | 0.16 | +0.11 | 138 | +110 |
| Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 33,221 | 0.15 | +0.05 | 88 | +19 |
| Basque Citizen Initiative (ICV–Gorordo) | 32,129 | 0.14 | New | 5 | +5 |
| Extremaduran Coalition (CEx)4 | 28,060 | 0.13 | +0.05 | 139 | +72 |
| Aragonese Union (CHA) | 27,648 | 0.12 | +0.07 | 39 | +23 |
| Nationalist Canarian Platform (PCN) | 26,956 | 0.12 | +0.06 | 44 | –10 |
| Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 14,018 | 0.06 | New | 2 | +2 |
| Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) | 10,493 | 0.05 | ±0.00 | 31 | –14 |
| Independents of Fuerteventura (IF) | 2,445 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 11 | +2 |
| Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) | 24,186 | 0.11 | New | 42 | +42 |
| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) | 23,415 | 0.11 | New | 1 | +1 |
| Alavese Unity (UA) | 21,562 | 0.10 | –0.01 | 37 | –2 |
| Federation of Independents of Catalonia (FIC) | 19,718 | 0.09 | New | 177 | +177 |
| Majorcan Union (UM)5 | 18,713 | 0.08 | +0.03 | 44 | +23 |
| Portuese Independents (IP) | 16,522 | 0.07 | +0.04 | 16 | +8 |
| The Greens (LV) | 13,490 | 0.06 | –0.38 | 4 | –1 |
| Asturianist Party (PAS)6 | 13,414 | 0.06 | ±0.00 | 6 | ±0 |
| Andalusian Federation of Independents (FADI) | 12,964 | 0.06 | New | 58 | +58 |
| Riojan Party (PR) | 11,842 | 0.05 | +0.01 | 103 | +21 |
| Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 11,551 | 0.05 | –0.23 | 21 | –116 |
| The Alternative Greens (LVA)7 | 11,519 | 0.05 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| Coalition for Gran Canaria (CGC) | 10,970 | 0.05 | New | 6 | +6 |
| Ávila Independent Group (AIAV) | 10,547 | 0.05 | New | 115 | +115 |
| Independent Solution (SI) | 10,310 | 0.05 | –0.07 | 61 | ±0 |
| Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL)8 | 10,004 | 0.05 | +0.02 | 98 | +62 |
| Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx) | 9,361 | 0.04 | New | 37 | +37 |
| Independent Socialist Party (PSI) | 8,067 | 0.04 | +0.03 | 9 | +6 |
| Others | 934,652 | 4.22 | — | 4,812 | –631 |
| Blank ballots | 323,712 | 1.46 | +0.33 | |
|
| Total | 22,171,945 | 100.00 | | 65,869 | –439 |
|
| Valid votes | 22,171,945 | 99.32 | +0.02 | |
| Invalid votes | 152,907 | 0.68 | –0.02 |
| Votes cast / turnout | 22,324,852 | 69.87 | +7.09 |
| Abstentions | 9,628,960 | 30.13 | –7.09 |
| Registered voters | 31,953,812 | |
|
| Sources[6] [7] |
| |
City control
The following table lists party control in provincial capitals, as well as in municipalities above or around 75,000.[8] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.
| Municipality | Population | Previous control | New control |
|---|
| A Coruña | 255,087 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Albacete | 141,179 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Alcalá de Henares | 166,250 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Alcobendas | 83,990 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Alcorcón | 103,787 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Algeciras | 102,079 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) |
| Alicante | 274,964 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Almería | 167,361 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Ávila | 49,639 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Avilés | 88,570 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Badajoz | 130,153 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Badalona | 219,340 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Barakaldo | 103,594 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Barcelona | 1,630,867 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Bilbao | 371,876 | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) |
| Burgos | 166,251 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Cáceres | 80,235 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Cádiz | 155,438 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Cartagena | 179,659 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Castellón de la Plana | 139,094 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Ciudad Real | 62,072 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Córdoba | 315,948 | | United Left (IU) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Cornellà de Llobregat | 84,142 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Coslada | 79,240 | | United Left (IU) | | United Left (IU) |
| Cuenca | 44,960 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Dos Hermanas | 82,814 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Elche | 191,305 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Ferrol | 85,692 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Fuenlabrada | 158,212 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Getafe | 144,368 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Getxo | 83,466 | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) |
| Gijón | 269,644 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Girona | 72,333 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Granada | 271,180 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Guadalajara | 67,401 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Huelva | 145,049 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Huesca | 45,515 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Aragonese Party (PAR) |
| Jaén | 112,772 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Jerez de la Frontera | 186,273 | | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) |
| L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | 266,642 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Las Palmas | 371,787 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Leganés | 178,162 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| León | 147,311 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Lleida | 114,234 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Logroño | 124,823 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Lugo | 87,305 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Madrid | 3,041,101 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Málaga | 531,443 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Marbella | 86,013 | | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) |
| Mataró | 102,117 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Móstoles | 199,141 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Murcia | 341,531 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Ourense | 108,547 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Oviedo | 201,712 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Palencia | 79,561 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Palma | 322,008 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Pamplona | 182,465 | | Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | | Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) |
| Pontevedra | 76,461 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Reus | 90,059 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Sabadell | 189,006 | | Initiative for Catalonia (IC) | | Initiative for Catalonia (IC) |
| Salamanca | 167,382 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| San Cristóbal de La Laguna | 125,183 | | Canarian Coalition (CC) | | Canarian Coalition (CC) |
| San Fernando | 87,588 | | Andalusian Party (PA) | | Andalusian Party (PA) |
| San Sebastián | 177,929 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Sant Boi de Llobregat | 79,594 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Santa Coloma de Gramenet | 131,764 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Santa Cruz de Tenerife | 203,929 | | Canarian Coalition (CC) | | Canarian Coalition (CC) |
| Santander | 194,822 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Santiago de Compostela | 93,398 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) |
| Segovia | 55,372 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Seville | 714,148 | | Andalusian Party (PA) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Soria | 33,317 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Talavera de la Reina | 75,138 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Tarragona | 114,630 | | Convergence and Union (CiU) | | Convergence and Union (CiU) |
| Telde | 84,078 | | Canarian Coalition (CC) | | Canarian Coalition (CC) |
| Terrassa | 161,428 | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) |
| Teruel | 29,971 | | Aragonese Party (PAR) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Toledo | 64,040 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Torrejón de Ardoz | 87,219 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Valencia | 764,293 | | People's Party (PP) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Valladolid | 336,917 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Vigo | 288,573 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Vitoria-Gasteiz | 214,148 | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) |
| Zamora | 65,885 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) |
| Zaragoza | 606,620 | | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | | People's Party (PP) | |
Provincial deputations
Summary
Deputation control
The following table lists party control in provincial deputations.[2] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.
Notes and References
- Web site: Municipal elections in Spain 1979-2011 . interior.gob.es . Ministry of the Interior . es . 12 August 2017.
- Web site: Provincial deputation elections since 1979 . es . historiaelectoral.com . 24 September 2017.
- General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985 . Organic Law . 5 . . es . 19 June 1985 . 28 December 2016.
- Web site: Representation of the people Institutional Act . . . juntaelectoralcentral.es . Central Electoral Commission . 16 June 2017.
- Regulation of the Basis of Local Regimes Law of 1985 . Law . 7 . . es . 2 April 1985 . 27 August 2017.
- Web site: Electoral Results Consultation. Municipal. May 1995. National totals . es . infoelectoral.mir.es . Ministry of the Interior . 24 September 2017.
- Web site: Municipal elections (overall results since 1979) . es . historiaelectoral.com . 24 September 2017.
- Web site: Municipal elections (city majors by party) . historiaelectoral.com . Historia Electoral . es . 24 February 2018.
