| Election Name: | 1994 Hong Kong local elections |
| Flag Image: | Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg |
| Country: | Hong Kong |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1991 Hong Kong local elections |
| Previous Year: | 1991 |
| Next Election: | 1999 Hong Kong local elections |
| Next Year: | 1999 |
| Seats For Election: | All Elected Constituencies 346 (of the 373) seats in all 18 Districts Boards |
| Election Date: | 18 September 1994 |
| Registered: | 2,450,372 33.14% |
| Turnout: | 693,215 (33.11%) 0.64pp |
| Leader2: | Tsang Yok-sing |
| Party2: | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong |
| Last Election2: | New party |
| Seats2: | 37 |
| Seat Change2: | 12 |
| Popular Vote2: | 81,126 |
| Percentage2: | 11.82% |
| Swing2: | N/A |
| Leader1: | Martin Lee |
| Colour1: | 196C57 |
| Party1: | UDHK/MP |
| Last Election1: | New party |
| Seats1: | 75 |
| Seat Change1: | 26 |
| Popular Vote1: | 157,929 |
| Percentage1: | 23.01% |
| Swing1: | N/A |
| Leader3: | Frederick Fung |
| Party3: | Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood |
| Last Election3: | 15 seats, 5.26% |
| Seats3: | 29 |
| Seat Change3: | 12 |
| Popular Vote3: | 47,731 |
| Percentage3: | 6.95% |
| Swing3: | 2.20pp |
| Leader4: | Allen Lee |
| Party4: | Liberal Party (Hong Kong) |
| Last Election4: | New party |
| Seats4: | 18 |
| Seat Change4: | 6 |
| Popular Vote4: | 50,755 |
| Percentage4: | 7.39% |
| Swing4: | N/A |
| Leader5: | Hu Fa-kuang |
| Party5: | Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong |
| Last Election5: | 24 seats, 8.96% |
| Seats5: | 11 |
| Seat Change5: | 5 |
| Popular Vote5: | 25,499 |
| Percentage5: | 3.72% |
| Swing5: | 5.24pp |
| Leader6: | Lau Kong-wah |
| Party6: | Civil Force |
| Last Election6: | New party |
| Seats6: | 10 |
| Seat Change6: | 7 |
| Popular Vote6: | 12,141 |
| Percentage6: | 1.77% |
| Swing6: | N/A |
| Leader7: | Yum Sin-ling |
| Party7: | 123 Democratic Alliance |
| Last Election7: | New party |
| Seats7: | 6 |
| Popular Vote7: | 15,527 |
| Percentage7: | 2.26% |
| Swing7: | N/A |
| Leader8: | Patrick Shiu |
| Party8: | Hong Kong Democratic Foundation |
| Last Election8: | 3 seats, 1.63% |
| Seats8: | 3 |
| Popular Vote8: | 4,048 |
| Percentage8: | 0.59% |
| Swing8: | 1.04pp |
| Leader9: | Ambrose Lau |
| Party9: | Hong Kong Progressive Alliance |
| Last Election9: | New party |
| Seats9: | 1 |
| Popular Vote9: | 3,288 |
| Percentage9: | 0.48% |
| Swing9: | N/A |
The 1994 Hong Kong District Board elections were held on 18 September 1994 for all 18 districts of Hong Kong and 346 members from directly elected constituencies. It was the last district-level elections in the colonial period before the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. It was the first elections to be held after the abolition of the appointed seats as proposed by the new electoral arrangements, as the last step of the democratisation by the then Governor Chris Patten before the handover.
Despite set against the British-Chinese dispute over Hong Kong's political reform, the election was influenced by local issues such as bus fares and garbage collection. The turnout of 33.1 per cent, slightly higher than the 32.5 per cent turnout for the 1991 District Board elections. Almost 700,000 votes cast were 60 per cent more than in the previous election and reflect the broader franchise stemming from Patten's reform package.
Under the Patten reform package, the voting age was lowered to 18 from 21, appointed members were abolished, and District Board members were given responsibility of filling ten of the 60 Legislative Council seats through Election Committee constituency in the 1995 Legislative Council election.[1] The multiple-member single-constituency electoral method was also changed to single-member constituency method.
The pro-democracy alliance, the United Democrats–Meeting Point, which was undergoing the merger plan of creating the Democratic Party, captured the lead with 75 seats (77 seats in some other materials) and teamed up with smaller pro-democracy parties to gain control of five of the 18 District Boards, Central and Western District, Sham Shui Po District and Kwun Tong District in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon, and Tuen Mun District and Kwai Tsing District in the New Territories.[1] The biggest pro-Beijing party, the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) won 37 seats, doing better than expected, while conservative, pro-business candidates of the Liberal Party, the Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong (LDF) and the Hong Kong Progressive Alliance came in below expectations with 30 seats.[1]
After the elections, Beijing appointed 200 District Affairs Advisers as the part of establishing a political structure parallel to that of the British one, as it claimed that Patten's reform violated the constitution and Sino-British agreements.[1] After the handover, the 1994 elected District Boards transformed into 18 Provisional District Boards with the reintroduction of the appointed seats by Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa. The Provisional District Boards were replaced by the District Councils elected in 1999.
|-! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" colspan=3 |Political Affiliation! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular vote! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Standing! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Elected! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" | ±|-|style="background-color:Pink;border-bottom-style:hidden;" rowspan="15" || width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong|81,126 || 11.82 || 83 || 37 || 12|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Party|50,755 || 7.39 || 89 || 18 || 6|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Democratic Federation of Hong Kong| 25,499 || 3.72 || 28 || 11 || 5|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Civil Force|12,141 || 1.77 || 10 || 10 || 7|-|style="background-color:#007034"|| style="text-align:left;" |East Kowloon District Residents' Committee|9,197 || 1.34 || 11 || 8 || 0|-|style="background-color:#9E5238"|| style="text-align:left;" |Kwun Tong Man Chung Friendship Promotion Association|11,952 || 1.74 || 12 || 7 || 2|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |United Front for the Service of the People|9,720 || 1.42 || 8 || 4 || |-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Public Affairs Society|6,982 || 1.02 || 15 || 2 || 1|-|style="background-color:#E21C2A"|| style="text-align:left;" |Kowloon City District Residence Association|1,486 || 0.22 || 2 || 2 || -|-|style="background-color:#00652E"|| style="text-align:left;" |Sham Shui Po Residents Association|332 || 0.05 || 3 || 2 || -|-|style="background-color:#810002"|| style="text-align:left;" |Mongkok District Residence Association|1,450 || 0.21 || 2 || 1 || -|-|style="background-color:#44B5AF"|| style="text-align:left;" |Tai Po District Residence Association|3,325 || 0.48 || 4 || 1 || -|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Progressive Alliance| 3,288 || 0.48 || 7 || 1 || 0|-|style="background-color:Black"|| style="text-align:left;" |New Territories West Residents Association|2,187 || 0.32 || 5 || 1 || 1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" | Pro-China independents and others| 151,436 || 22.08 || 162 || 90 || |-|- style="background-color:Pink"| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | Total for pro-China and conservative parties and allies || 371,455 || 54.12 || 442 || 196 || 23|-|style="background-color:LightGreen;border-bottom-style:hidden;" rowspan="11"|| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |United Democrats–Meeting Point| 157,929 || 23.01 || 133 || 75 || 26|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood| 47,731 || 6.95 || 40 || 29 || 12|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |123 Democratic Alliance| 15,527 || 2.26 || 20 || 6 || 0|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Democratic Foundation|4,048 || 0.59 || 5 || 3 || 0|-|style="background-color:Green"|| style="text-align:left;" |Kowloon City Observers|5,164 || 0.75 || 6 || 2 || 1|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Public Doctors' Association|3,273 || 0.48 || 3 || 2 || -|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions|2,850 || 0.42 || 2 || 2 || -|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union|2,127 || 0.31 || 1 || 1 || -|-| width=1px style="background-color: " || style="text-align:left;" |Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre|859 || 0.13 || 3 || 1 || 1|-|style="background-color:Red"|| style="text-align:left;" |Pioneer|387 || 0.06 || 1 || 0 || -|-|style="background-color:"|| style="text-align:left;" |Independent democrats and others| 40,803 || 5.94 || 35 || 25 ||
|-style="background-color:LightGreen"| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | Total for pro-democracy parties and allies || 280,698 || 40.89 || 249 || 146 || 48|-|- style="background-color:#DDDDDD;"| colspan=3 style="text-align:left;" | Total for others || 34,255 || 4.99 || 66 || 4 || 2|-|style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="3"|Total (turnout 33.1%)|width="75" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|686,408|width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|757|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|346|style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|73|}
| District Board | Post-election control | Largest party | UD/MP | DAB | ADPL | LP | Pro-dem | Ex officio | Composition | Details | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central & Western | Pro-democracy | 8 | 2 | 1 | 3 | bgcolor=LightGreen | 9 | 5 | Details | ||||||||
| Wan Chai | Pro-Beijing | United Democrats | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | bgcolor=Pink | 7 | Details | |||||||
| Eastern | Pro-Beijing | 4 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 10 | bgcolor=Pink | 22+2 Ind. | Details | ||||||||
| Southern | Pro-Beijing | 4 | 2 | 10 | 4 | bgcolor=Pink | 12 | Details | |||||||||
| Yau Tsim Mong | Pro-Beijing | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | bgcolor=Pink | 9 | Details | ||||||
| Sham Shui Po | Pro-democracy | 3 | 11 | 1 | 5 | bgcolor=LightGreen | 15 | 5 | Details | ||||||||
| Kowloon City | Pro-Beijing | 2 | 2 | 2 | bgcolor=#f4bfbf | 6 | 1 | 8 | 5 | bgcolor=Pink | 16 | Details | |||||
| Wong Tai Sin | Pro-Beijing | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 8 | bgcolor=Pink | 14 | Details | |||||||
| Kwun Tong | Pro-democracy | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 18 | bgcolor=lightgreen | 17 | 16 | Details | ||||||
| Tsuen Wan | Pro-Beijing | 2 | 1 | 12 | 6 | bgcolor=Pink | 9 | 2 | Details | ||||||||
| Tuen Mun | Pro-democracy | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 | bgcolor=LightGreen | 15 | 10 | 1 | Details | |||||
| Yuen Long | Pro-Beijing | 3 | 1 | 15 | 3 | bgcolor=Pink | 16 | 6 | Details | ||||||||
| North | Pro-Beijing | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | bgcolor=Pink | 8 | 4 | Details | ||||||||
| Tai Po | Pro-Beijing | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | bgcolor=Pink | 13 | 2 | Details | ||||||
| Sai Kung | Pro-Beijing | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | bgcolor=pink | 6 | 2 | Details | ||||||||
| Sha Tin | Pro-Beijing | 8 | 2 | bgcolor=#b2e4cb | 10 | 11 | 12 | bgcolor=Pink | 19 | 1 | Details | ||||||
| Kwai Tsing | Pro-democracy | 9 | 6 | 11 | bgcolor=LightGreen | 23 | 3 | 1 | Details | ||||||||
| Islands | Pro-Beijing | 2 | 4 | 0 | bgcolor=Pink | 6 | 8 | Details | |||||||||
| TOTAL | 75 | 37 | 29 | 18 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 158 | 148 | bgcolor=Pink | 196+2 Ind. | 27 | |||||