| Country: | São Tomé and Príncipe |
| Previous Election: | 1985 |
| Election Date: | 20 January 1991 |
| Next Election: | 1994 |
| Seats For Election: | All 55 seats in the National Assembly |
| Majority Seats: | 28 |
| Party1: | Democratic Convergence Party (São Tomé and Príncipe) |
| Percentage1: | 59.33 |
| Seats1: | 33 |
| Last Election1: | New |
| Party2: | Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party |
| Percentage2: | 33.31 |
| Seats2: | 21 |
| Last Election2: | 51 |
| Party3: | Opposition Democratic Coalition |
| Percentage3: | 5.71 |
| Seats3: | 1 |
| Last Election3: | New |
Parliamentary elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 20 January 1991. They were the first multi-party elections for the National Assembly, following a referendum the previous year. The result was a victory for the Democratic Convergence Party-Reflection Group, which won 33 of the 55 seats, defeating the former sole legal party, the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe - Social Democratic Party. Voter turnout was 76.7%.
The main political parties in the election were the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe - Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD), the former sole legal party and the Democratic Convergence Party - Reflection Group (PCD-GR), a party formed by a coalition of MLSTP dissidents, independents, and young professionals. Some of the smaller parties that participated in the election were the FDC, or Christian Democratic Front and the Democratic Coalition of the Opposition (CODO), created by the merger of three former overseas opposition movements.
The elections, deemed transparent, free, and fair resulted in victory for the PCD-GR, with the MLSTP defeat blamed on the country's economic problems.[1] A transitional government headed by Daniel Daio was installed in February pending presidential elections to be held in March.