1990 Commonwealth Games Explained

XIV Commonwealth Games
Host City:	Auckland, New Zealand
Nations:	55
Athletes:	2,074
Events:	213 events in 10 sports
Opening:	24 January 1990
Closing:	3 February 1990
Opened By:	Prince Edward
Queens Baton:	Mark Todd and Peter Snell
Stadium:	Mount Smart Stadium
Motto:	This is the Moment (Maori: Ko te moma tenei)
Closed By:	Elizabeth II
Previous:	XIII

The 1990 Commonwealth Games (Maori: 1990 Taumāhekeheke Commonwealth) were held in Auckland, New Zealand from 24 January - 3 February 1990. It was the 14th Commonwealth Games, and part of New Zealand's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations. Participants competed in ten sports: athletics, aquatics, badminton, boxing, cycling, gymnastics, judo, lawn bowls, shooting and weightlifting. Netball^[1] and the Triathlon were demonstration events.

The main venue was the Mount Smart Stadium.

Host selection

The event was awarded to Auckland on 27 July 1984 at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Perth, Australia, had withdrawn from the bid contest leaving New Delhi, India, as the sole opponent to Auckland's bid. New Delhi lost the hosting rights to Auckland by a margin of 1 vote, which made it the closest host selection vote in the history of Commonwealth Games

1990 Commonwealth Games bidding results
City	Round 1
Auckland	20
New Delhi	19

Opening ceremony

The opening of the games comprised a variety of events, including the arrival of The Queen's representative Prince Edward (her youngest son), the arrival of the Queen's Baton, and many Māori ceremonial stories. The Queens Baton was carried across the Auckland Harbour by the vessel "Ceduna".The opening ceremony itself started off with the Auckland Commonwealth Games Choir singing the Song of Welcome. Upon the arrival of Prince Edward, the Māori in attendance, gave him a Challenge of a welcome. This is conducted by a Māori placing a wooden baton on the ground. To see if the visitor comes in peace or not, the visitor must pick it up.

The New Zealand national anthem "God Defend New Zealand" was sung during a ceremonial fourteen gun salute from nearby One Tree Hill. This was followed by the New Zealand Army Guard Commander allowing Prince Edward to inspect the guard of honour. After which was the introduction of the participating countries of the Commonwealth, Scotland entering first as the hosts of the previous games, and New Zealand entering last as hosts. During the introduction of the countries, the choir would display the flag of the announced country with boards.

When all the athletes finally sat down, the main Māori ceremonies began. First of the Māori ceremonies was all the Māori women performing a "Song of Welcome" for the athletes with the use of Poi. The Māori women then gave some of the athletes a Hongi. Next was the Māori story of how New Zealand was formed according to legend; it a narration of how the Polynesians found their way to what was to become New Zealand, and how New Zealand was formed between Rangi and Papa, the sky father and earth mother. The story then moved on to the coming of religion and European migration. This was demonstrated with a formation of the Union Jack, to show the colonisation by the British. Dame Whina Cooper then made a speech about the Treaty of Waitangi signed in 1840 that brought about peace and stability of modern New Zealand.

Introduction of the European communities was next with music and native dancing from European countries such as Italy, Poland, Greece, Netherlands, Scotland, Ireland, Austria, Wales and England, and music and native dancing also from Asian countries such as China, Sri Lanka and India. From here, many of the neighbouring Pacific Islanders made their entrance with the rhythmic tempo of the Pacific Island drum beat. This was to show the then complete migration of people to New Zealand.

Howard Morrison then lead New Zealand in singing the folk song Tukua-a-hau. After Morrison, the Queen's Baton arrived at the stadium where Prince Edward announced the opening of the games which was followed by the Athletes Pledge.

Fireworks followed and was capped off with a night time flyover by nine A-4 Skyhawk jets of the Royal New Zealand Air Forces 75 Squadron. The ceremony was concluded by the singing of the game's motto "This is the moment" as performers and athletes exited the stadium.

Closing ceremony

A more relaxed affair was held for the 14th Commonwealth Games closing ceremony, reflecting that of Christchurch in 1974. Attended by HM The Queen of New Zealand, formality and respect played their due part in the beginning with formal salute and the acceptance of the Commonwealth Games flag to the next host city, Victoria, Canada. This was followed by a First Nations and modern Canadian dancing display.

Next,thousands of children entered the stadium with a mass skipping rope demonstration, followed by the athletes. The Queen then made the traditional closing speech and called for all the Commonwealth's athletes to assemble in four years time in Victoria. As the evening wore on, opera singer Dame Kiri Te Kanawa sang "Now is the Hour", a favourite New Zealand hymn, as the Royal New Zealand Air Force’s A4 Skyhawks made one final swooping flyover of Mount Smart Stadium followed by fireworks. The Queen, Duke of Edinburgh, and Prince Edward then exited the stadium standing in open top vehicles.

Mascot

The mascot of the games was Goldie, representing New Zealand's national symbol the kiwi bird.

Participating teams

55 teams were represented at the 1990 Games.
(Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).

Participating Commonwealth countries and territories
Australia Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Bermuda Botswana Canada Cayman Islands Cook Islands Cyprus Ghana Gibraltar Guyana Hong Kong India Jamaica Kenya Lesotho Malawi Malaysia Maldives Malta Mauritius Nauru Nigeria Norfolk Island Pakistan Papua New Guinea Saint Kitts and Nevis Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Swaziland Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Uganda Vanuatu Zambia Zimbabwe
Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories
Nauru Seychelles

Medals by country

This is the full table of the medal count of the 1990 Commonwealth Games. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.

Figures from Commonwealth Games Foundation website.^[2]

Medals by event

At these games, the Triathlon was a demonstration event; won by Erin Baker (women) and Rick Wells (men), both from New Zealand.

Men
Light Flyweight
Flyweight
Bantamweight
Featherweight
Lightweight
Light Welterweight
Welterweight
Light Middleweight
Middleweight
Light Heavyweight
Heavyweight
Super Heavyweight

Cycling

Track

Men
Time Trial		00:01:06		00:01:07		00:01:07
Sprint
Individual Pursuit		00:04:45		00:04:53		00:04:52
Team Pursuit	Gary Anderson Nigel Donnelly Glenn McLeay Stuart Williams	00:04:23	Brett Aitken Steve McGlede Shaun O'Brien Darren Winter	00:04:26	Chris Boardman Simon Lillistone Bryan Steel Glen Sword	00:04:27
10 Miles Scratch		00:19:44		00:19:44		00:19:44
Points Race		81		72		39
Women
Sprint
Individual Pursuit		00:03:55		00:03:55		00:04:00

Road

Men
Road Race	04:34:00	04:34:00	04:34:05
Team Time Trial	02:06:47	02:09:20	02:09:33
Women
Road Race	01:55:11.60	1:55:11.88	1:55:12.06

Gymnastics

Artistic

Men
All-Around	57.95	57.8	57.4
Team	171.8	170.45	169.5
Horizontal Bar	9.85		9.8
Parallel Bars	9.8	9.675	9.6
Vault	9.625	9.575	9.25
Pommel Horse	9.825	9.725	9.7
Rings	9.775	9.75	9.725
Floor	9.75	9.675	9.6
Women
All-Around	38.912	38.687	38.499
Team	116.784	115.272	114.046
Asymmetric Bars	9.875	9.85	9.737
Beam	9.85	9.762	9.7
Vault	9.712	9.643	9.506
Floor	9.887	9.762	9.675

Rhythmic

Women
All-Around	37.65	37.25	36.9
Ball	9.45	9.4	9.25
Hoop	9.4	9.2	9.1
Ribbon	9.4	9.3	9.2
Rope	9.3	9.275	9.25

Judo

See main article: Judo at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.

Shooting

Pistol

Men/Open
50m Free Pistol		554		549		549
50m Free Pistol - Pairs	Phil Adams Bengt Sandström	1106	Brian Read Greg Yelavich	1084	Ateequr Rahman Abdus Sattar	1078
25m Centre-Fire Pistol		583		577		576
25m Centre-Fire Pistol - Pairs	Phil Adams Bruce Quick	1155	Barry O'Neale Greg Yelavich	1144	Ashok Pandit Surinder Marwah	1142
25m Rapid-Fire Pistol		583		582		579
25m Rapid-Fire Pistol - Pairs	Bruce Favell Pat Murray	1153	Stanley Wills Mark Howkins	1138	Brian Girling John Rolfe	1133
10m Air Pistol		580		574		574
10m Air Pistol - Pairs	Ateequr Rahman Abdus Sattar	1138	Phil Adams Bengt Sandström	1138	Julian Lawton Greg Yelavich	1137

Rifle

Men/Open
50m Rifle Prone		591		590		590
50m Rifle Prone - Pairs	Stephen Petterson Roger Harvey	1185	Barry Sutherland Michael Ashcroft	1184	Bob Jarvis Philip Scanlan	1180
50m Rifle Three Positions		1157		1154		1143
50m Small Bore Rifle Three Positions - Pairs	Jean-François Sénécal Mart Klepp	2272	Malcolm Cooper Robert Smith	2268	William Murray Robert Law	2258
Full Bore Rifle		394		390		390
Full Bore Rifle - Pairs	Simon Belither Andrew Tucker	580	James Corbett Barry Wood	565	Clifford Mallett Colin Mallett	564
10m Air Rifle		583		578		577
10m Air Rifle - Pairs	Guy Lorion Mart Klepp	1163	Chris Hector Robert Smith	1155	Soma Dutta Bhagirath Samai	1148
10m Running Target		539		539		535
10m Running Target - Pairs	Paul Carmine Tony Clarke	1091	David Lee Mark Bedlington	1070	David Chapman John Maddison^[3]	1064

Shotgun

Men/Open
Trap		184		183		179
Trap - Pairs	Kevin Gill Ian Peel	181	Colin Evans James Birkett-Evans	178	Russell Mark John Maxwell	178
Skeet		187		187		184
Skeet - Pairs	Ian Marsden James Dunlop	189	Andy Austin Ken Harman	185	Tim Dodds John Woolley	183

Weightlifting

Men
Flyweight - Snatch	105	95	90
Flyweight - Clean and Jerk	127.5	117.5	117.5
Flyweight - Overall	232.5	212.5	207.5
Bantamweight - Snatch	110	107.5	102.5
Bantamweight - Clean and Jerk	137.5	125	122.5
Bantamweight - Overall	247.5	230	227.5
Featherweight - Snatch	112.5	112.5	110
Featherweight - Clean and Jerk	145	142.5	142.5
Featherweight - Overall	257.5	255	252.5
Lightweight - Snatch	130	130	127.5
Lightweight - Clean and Jerk	165	160	155
Lightweight - Overall	295	290	280
Middleweight - Snatch	135	135	132.5
Middleweight - Clean and Jerk	177.5	170	167.5
Middleweight - Overall	310	305	292.5
Light Heavyweight - Snatch	155	152.5	145
Light Heavyweight - Clean and Jerk	192.5	182.5	180
Light Heavyweight - Overall	347.5	332.5	317.5
Middle Heavyweight - Snatch	162.5	152.5	150
Middle Heavyweight - Clean and Jerk	195	192.5	190
Middle Heavyweight - Overall	357.5	345	340
Sub Heavyweight - Snatch	165	145	140
Sub Heavyweight - Clean and Jerk	197.5	175	175
Sub Heavyweight - Overall	362.5	320	315
Heavyweight - Snatch	160	152.5	152.5
Heavyweight - Clean and Jerk	197.5	192.5	187.5
Heavyweight - Overall	357.5	345	335
Super Heavyweight - Snatch	180	177.5	172.5
Super Heavyweight - Clean and Jerk	222.5	222.5	205
Super Heavyweight - Overall	402.5	400	377.5

References

The Bateman New Zealand Encyclopedia

External links

Commonwealth Games Official Site

Notes and References

Web site: NETBALL HISTORY: 1990 Commonwealth Games Demonstration event (Auckland) . Netball Scoop . 27 November 2021.
http://www.thecgf.com/games/games_index.asp Past Commonwealth Games
No bronze medal awarded as not enough pairs took part - The Complete Book of the Commonwealth Games (Graham Groom -2017)