| Election Name: | 1990 Andalusian regional election |
| Country: | Andalusia |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1986 Andalusian regional election |
| Previous Year: | 1986 |
| Next Election: | 1994 Andalusian regional election |
| Next Year: | 1994 |
| Seats For Election: | All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia |
| Majority Seats: | 55 |
| Opinion Polls: |
|
| Registered: | 5,007,675 3.9% |
| Turnout: | 2,771,330 (55.3%) 15.4 pp |
| Election Date: | 23 June 1990 |
| Leader1: | Manuel Chaves |
| Party1: | PSOE–A |
| Leader Since1: | 19 April 1990 |
| Leaders Seat1: | Cádiz |
| Last Election1: | 60 seats, 47.0% |
| Seats1: | 62 |
| Seat Change1: | 2 |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,368,576 |
| Percentage1: | 49.6% |
| Swing1: | 2.6 pp |
| Leader2: | Gabino Puche |
| Party2: | People's Party of Andalusia |
| Leader Since2: | 8 February 1987 |
| Leaders Seat2: | Jaén |
| Last Election2: | 28 seats, 22.2% |
| Seats2: | 26 |
| Seat Change2: | 2 |
| Popular Vote2: | 611,903 |
| Percentage2: | 22.2% |
| Swing2: | 0.0 pp |
| Leader3: | Luis Carlos Rejón |
| Party3: | IU–CA |
| Leader Since3: | 21 July 1988 |
| Leaders Seat3: | Córdoba |
| Last Election3: | 19 seats, 17.8% |
| Seats3: | 11 |
| Seat Change3: | 8 |
| Popular Vote3: | 349,659 |
| Percentage3: | 12.7% |
| Swing3: | 5.1 pp |
| Leader4: | Pedro Pacheco |
| Party4: | Andalusian Party |
| Leader Since4: | June 1986 |
| Leaders Seat4: | Cádiz |
| Last Election4: | 2 seats, 5.9% |
| Seats4: | 10 |
| Seat Change4: | 8 |
| Popular Vote4: | 296,613 |
| Percentage4: | 10.8% |
| Swing4: | 4.9 pp |
| Map Size: | 375px |
| President | |
| Before Election: | José Rodríguez de la Borbolla |
| Before Party: | PSOE–A |
| After Election: | Manuel Chaves |
| After Party: | PSOE–A |
The 1990 Andalusian regional election was held on Saturday, 23 June 1990, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
The candidate for the PSOE, Manuel Chaves, was invested as President of the Regional Government of Andalusia for the first time, after winning the election with an absolute majority of seats. He would remain in the presidency of this autonomous community for the longest period of time than any of his predecessors, not stepping down from office until 2009.
The Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville, with each being allocated an initial minimum of eight seats and the remaining 45 being distributed in proportion to their populations (provided that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other).[1] [2]
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats:
| Seats | Constituencies | |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | Seville | |
| 16 | Málaga | |
| 15 | Cádiz | |
| 13 | Córdoba, Granada | |
| 12 | Jaén | |
| 11 | Almería, Huelva, |
The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[3]
The term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 22 June 1986, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 22 June 1990. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 30 June 1990.[1] [2] [4] [5]
The Parliament of Andalusia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.[1] [4] [5]
The Parliament of Andalusia was officially dissolved on 30 April 1990, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Regional Government of Andalusia.[6] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Parliament at the time of dissolution.[7]
| Parliamentary groups | Parties | Legislators | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Total | ||||
| Socialist | PSOE–A | 60 | 60 | ||
| People's of Andalusia | PP | 19 | 19 | ||
| United Left–Assembly for Andalusia | PCA–PCE | 13 | 17 | ||
| FP | 2 | ||||
| INDEP | 1 | ||||
| PASOC | 1 | ||||
| Mixed. Andalusian Parliamentary Grouping | PA | 2 | 2 | ||
| Mixed | INDEP | 9 | 11 | ||
| PCPA | 1 | ||||
| BOCA | 1 | ||||
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2] [8]
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Parties and alliances | Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||||
| PSOE–A | Manuel Chaves | Social democracy | 47.04% | |||||||
| PP | Gabino Puche | Conservatism Christian democracy | 22.17% | |||||||
| IU–CA | Luis Carlos Rejón | Socialism Communism | 17.81% | |||||||
| PA | Pedro Pacheco | Andalusian nationalism Social democracy | 5.86% | |||||||
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | ARM | Lead | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 regional election | 23 Jun 1990 | 55.3 | 49.6 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 1.2 | 22.2 | 0.6 | 27.4 | |||
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 17 Jun 1990 | ? | ? | 47.5 | – | – | – | 21.5 | – | 26.0 | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia[9] [10] | 11–13 Jun 1990 | 2,504 | 60–65 | 44.6 | 13.6 | 16.8 | 1.9 | 20.0 | – | 24.6 | ||
| Gruppo/ABC[11] | 11–13 Jun 1990 | 3,200 | ? | 46.8 | 14.6 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 22.2 | – | 24.6 | ||
| Demoscopia/El País[12] | 7–12 Jun 1990 | 3,200 | 69 | 46.3 | 12.7 | 12.3 | – | 21.6 | – | 24.7 | ||
| GGC Research/Rato[13] | 6–8 Jun 1990 | 3,150 | ? | 46.8 | 14.3 | 10.3 | – | 21.3 | – | 25.5 | ||
| Gruppo/ABC[14] | 25–28 May 1990 | 1,000 | ? | 46.6 | 14.2 | 10.1 | 2.8 | 22.0 | – | 24.6 | ||
| Demoscopia/El País[15] [16] | 23–27 May 1990 | 3,200 | ? | 46.8 | ? | ? | – | ? | – | ? | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia[17] | 3–5 May 1990 | ? | ? | 42.7 | 13.1 | 15.6 | 2.3 | 22.3 | – | 20.4 | ||
| Sociología Andaluza/PCA[18] | 25 Apr 1990 | 2,000 | ? | 45.7 | 14.4 | 12.8 | – | 20.8 | – | 24.9 | ||
| CIS[19] | 8 Apr 1990 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | ? | ||
| Sociología Andaluza/PCA | 25 Feb 1990 | 2,500 | ? | 47.9 | 14.1 | 12.1 | – | 17.9 | – | 30.0 | ||
| Insight/PP[20] [21] | 5–19 Feb 1990 | 3,894 | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | ? | – | ? | ||
| 1989 general election | 29 Oct 1989 | 69.3 | 52.5 | 12.0 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 20.2 | 1.5 | 32.3 | |||
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | 52.8 | 50.3 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 4.1 | 16.1 | 4.1 | 34.2 | |||
| PCA[22] | 1–11 Feb 1989 | 816 | ? | 38.4 | 18.8 | ? | – | ? | – | ? | ||
| Metra Seis/PA[23] | 15 Jan 1988 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | – | ? | |
| 1987 EP election | 10 Jun 1987 | 65.8 | 48.3 | 21.3 | 10.8 | 5.6 | 7.2 | – | – | 27.0 | ||
| 1987 local elections | 10 Jun 1987 | 66.7 | 43.7 | 19.7 | 14.3 | 7.1 | 7.0 | – | – | 24.0 | ||
| 1986 regional election | 22 Jun 1986 | 70.7 | 47.0 | 22.2* | 17.8 | 5.9 | 3.3 | – | – | 24.8 | ||
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | |||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A) | 1,368,576 | 49.60 | +2.56 | 62 | +2 | ||
| People's Party (PP)1 | 611,903 | 22.18 | +0.01 | 26 | –2 | ||
| United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA) | 349,659 | 12.67 | –5.14 | 11 | –8 | ||
| Andalusian Party (PA) | 296,613 | 10.75 | +4.89 | 10 | +8 | ||
| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 32,654 | 1.18 | –2.08 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) | 15,637 | 0.57 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 | 14,813 | 0.54 | –0.97 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Socialist Democracy (DS) | 14,499 | 0.53 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Greens of Andalusia (VA) | 13,979 | 0.51 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| The Ecologist Greens (LVE) | 12,651 | 0.46 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) | 6,300 | 0.23 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 2,401 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 2,312 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Humanist Party (PH) | 1,869 | 0.07 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Andalusian Front of Liberation (FAL) | 1,633 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Alliance for the Republic (AxR) | 698 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) | 560 | 0.02 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Andalusian Centrist Unity (UCA) | 230 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Blank ballots | 12,024 | 0.44 | +0.07 | ||||
| Total | 2,759,011 | 109 | ±0 | ||||
| Valid votes | 2,759,011 | 99.56 | +1.05 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 12,319 | 0.44 | –1.05 | ||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 2,771,330 | 55.34 | –15.37 | ||||
| Abstentions | 2,236,345 | 44.66 | +15.37 | ||||
| Registered voters | 5,007,675 | ||||||
| Sources[24] [25] [26] | |||||||
| Constituency | PSOE–A | PP | IU–CA | PA | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | S |
| Almería | 50.0 | 7 | 28.5 | 3 | 9.0 | 1 | 6.6 | − | |||||||
| Cádiz | 46.6 | 8 | 15.5 | 2 | 10.0 | 1 | 21.6 | 4 | |||||||
| Córdoba | 47.3 | 7 | 20.7 | 3 | 18.8 | 2 | 9.3 | 1 | |||||||
| Granada | 48.9 | 7 | 27.9 | 4 | 11.8 | 1 | 6.2 | 1 | |||||||
| Huelva | 55.8 | 7 | 22.2 | 2 | 9.3 | 1 | 8.2 | 1 | |||||||
| Jaén | 51.8 | 7 | 27.2 | 4 | 11.5 | 1 | 5.6 | − | |||||||
| Málaga | 49.3 | 9 | 22.0 | 4 | 14.6 | 2 | 8.8 | 1 | |||||||
| Seville | 50.4 | 10 | 19.5 | 4 | 12.5 | 2 | 13.6 | 2 | |||||||
| Total | 49.6 | 62 | 22.2 | 26 | 12.7 | 11 | 10.7 | 10 | |||||||
| Sources | |||||||||||||||
| Investiture Manuel Chaves (PSOE–A) | |||
| Ballot → | 24 July 1990 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 55 out of 109 | ||
| Abstentions | |||
| Absentees | |||
| Sources | |||