1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election explained

Election Name:1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
Country:India
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
Previous Year:1984
Next Election:1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
Next Year:1991
Election Date:21 January 1989
11 March 1989
Seats For Election:All 234 seats in the Legislature of Tamil Nadu*
Majority Seats:118
Turnout:69.69%
Party1:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Image1:File:M._Karunanidhi_.jpg
Leader1:M. Karunanidhi
Alliance1:National Front
Leaders Seat1:Harbour
Seats1:150
Seat Change1: 125
Popular Vote1:9,135,220
Percentage1:37.89%
Swing1:0.89%
Party2:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Leader2:J. Jayalalithaa
Leaders Seat2:Bodinayakkanur
Alliance2:AIADMK (Jayalalithaa Faction)
Seats2:27
Seat Change2:7
Popular Vote2:5,393,857
Percentage2:22.37%
Swing2:n/a
Party4:Indian National Congress (Indira)
Leader4:G. K. Moopanar
Leaders Seat4:Papanasam
Seats4:26
Seat Change4:35
Popular Vote4:4,780,714
Percentage4:19.83%
Swing4:3.55%
Party5:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Leader5:V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
Leaders Seat5:Andipatti
(lost)
Alliance5:AIADMK (Janaki Faction)
Seats5:2
Seat Change5:95
Popular Vote5:2,214,965
Percentage5:9.19%
Swing5:n/a
Map Size:200px
CM
Before Election:President's rule
After Election:M. Karunanidhi
After Party:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

The ninth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 21 January 1989. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won the election and its leader M. Karunanidhi, became the Chief Minister. It was his third term in office. The DMK was in power only for a short term, as it was dismissed on 31 January 1991 by the Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 (Otherwise) of the Indian Constitution.

Background

Split in AIADMK

After the death of M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R) in December 1987, his wife V. N. Janaki Ramachandran took over as Chief Minister. She lasted less than a month in power. The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) split into two factions, one led by Janaki and the other by J. Jayalalithaa. The undivided AIADMK legislature party had a strength of 132 including the Speaker P. H. Pandian. 97 of them supported the Janaki faction while 33 backed the Jayalalithaa group. Speaker Pandian was a supporter of Janaki. He did not recognize the Jayalalithaa group as a separate party. On 28 January 1988, Janaki sought a vote of confidence in the Assembly. The Jayalalithaa group abstained from the assembly and Pandian disqualified all of them. Earlier in December 1986, 10 MLAs of the DMK had been expelled from the Assembly by Pandian for their participation in the anti-Hindi agitation of 1986, bringing down the strength of the house to 224. The disqualification of the 33 MLAs of the Jayalalithaa group by P.H.Pandian further reduced the assembly's strength to 191. This enabled Janaki to win the vote of confidence with the support of only 99 members (with 8 opposing votes and 3 neutrals). Other opposition parties boycotted the vote - only 111 members were present during the motion.[1] [2] [3] Though she won the vote of confidence, her government was dismissed by prime minister Rajiv Gandhi on 30 January citing the disruptions in the assembly. After a year of President's rule, elections were again held in January 1989. Both the AIADMK factions claimed to be the official AIADMK and requested the election commission to grant the "two leaves" symbol of the AIADMK to them. However, the election commission refused to recognize either of them as the official AIADMK and temporarily froze the "two leaves" symbol on 17 December 1988. Instead it awarded the "cock" symbol to the Jayalalithaa faction (AIADMK(J)), while the Janaki faction (AIADMK(JA)) was given the "two doves" symbol.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Coalitions

The Tamil Nadu unit of the Indian National Congress initially decided to ally with the Jayalalithaa faction.[9] This move was opposed by actor and Congress leader Sivaji Ganesan. On 10 February 1988, he left the party along with his supporters to form a new party Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani.[9] [10] Ganesan's party allied itself with the Janaki faction. Eventually, the Congress also contested the elections alone.

The DMK was part of the Janata Dal led National Front. The front initially included both the Communist Party of India (CPI) and Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM).[11] However, in the election only Janata Dal and CPM had a seat sharing agreement with the DMK. The CPI allied itself with the AIADMK(J).

This election attracted unusually high level of attention at the national level. It was seen as a precursor for the General election of 1989, a test of Rajiv Gandhi's popularity and P.H.Pandian's popularity as a speaker claiming Sky High Powers. The Tamil Nadu Congress (under G. K. Moopanar) was contesting elections alone after a gap of twelve years and Rajiv Gandhi campaigned extensively making multiple campaign visits to Tamil Nadu. V. P. Singh and Jyoti Basu, the national leaders of Janata Dal and CPM respectively also campaigned for the DMK led front in Tamil Nadu.[11]

Seat allotments

DMK Front

No.
PartyElection SymbolLeaderSeats
1. 202
2. Communist Party of India (Marxist)A. Nallasivan 21
3. Era. Sezilyan10

AIADMK (Jayalalithaa) Front

No.
PartyElection SymbolLeaderSeats
1. 198
2. P. Manickam 13
3. 4
†: The four seats that were delayed were contested by a united AIADMK front (AIADMK(J) & AIADMK(JA)), under the leader Jayalalithaa in a bye-election.

AIADMK (Janaki) Front

No.
PartyElection SymbolLeaderSeats
1. Double Pegions 175
2. 49

Congress

No.
PartyElection SymbolLeaderSeats
1. 214
2. 10

Voting and results

The election for 232 constituencies was held on 21 January 1989. The turnout among registered voters was 69.69%. Elections could not be held for two constituencies -Marungapuri and Madurai East - due to technical reasons. For these two elections were conducted later on 11 March 1989. Since the two AIADMK factions had merged in February 1989 under the leadership of Jayalalitha, the Election Commission restored the "Two Leaves" symbol to the unified AIADMK for these elections. The unified AIADMK won both the seats.[12] [13] [14]

Results by Pre-Poll Alliance

!colspan=10||-! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;" |Alliance/Party!style="width:4px" |! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats won! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Change! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular Vote! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Vote %! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Adj. %|-! style="background-color:#FF0000; color:white"|DMK+ alliance! style="background-color: " || 169| +137| 9,135,220| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 37.9%|-|DMK! style="background-color: #FF0000" || 150| +126| 8,001,222| 33.2%| 38.7%|-|CPI(M)! style="background-color: #000080" || 15| +10| 851,351| 3.5%| 36.5%|-|JNP! style="background-color: #FFFF00" || 4| +1| 282,647| 1.2%| 29.1%|-! style="background-color:#009900; color:white"|AIADMK(J)+ alliance! style="background-color: " | | 30| -5| 5,393,857| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 22.4%|-|AIADMK(J)! style="background-color: lime" || 27| -6| 5,098,687| 22.2%| 25.0%|-|CPI! style="background-color: #0000FF" || 3| +1| 295,170| 1.2%| 21.3%|-! style="background-color:gray; color:white"|Others! style="background-color:gray" || 33| -132| 9,160,163| colspan=2 style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"| 38.0%|-|INC! style="background-color: #00FFFF" || 26| -37| 4,780,714| 19.8%| 21.8%|-|AIADMK(JA)! style="background-color: olive" || 2| -95| 2,214,965| 9.2%| 12.2%|-|IND! style="background-color: #666666" || 5| +1| 2,164,484| 9.0%| 9.1%|-| style="text-align:center;" |Total! style="background-color: " || 232| –| 24,111,468| 100%| style="text-align:center;" | –|-|}Sources: Election Commission of India [15]

By constituency

Assembly ConstituencyWinnerPartyRunner Up PartyMargin
AndipattiP. AsayanV. Panneerselvam
AIADMK(JA)
4,221
Anna NagarK. AnbazhaganV. Sukumar Babu32,407
ArakkonamV. K. RajuP. Rajakumar21,973
ArantankiS. ThirunavukkarasuM. Shanmugasundaram21,703
AravakurichiRamasamy MonjaborS. Jagadeesan18,154
ArcotT. R. GajapathyK. V. Ramdoss14,305
AriyalurT. ArumugamP. Elavazhagan18,111
ArniA. C. DayalanD. Karunakaran7,667
AruppukottaiV. ThangapandianV. S. Panchavarnam15,523
AthoorI. PeriasamyN. Abdul Kadhar3,736
AtturA. M. RamasamyM. P. Subramaniam5,825
AvanashiR. AnnnambiC. T. Dhanapandi2,158
BargurK. R. RajendranE. G. Sugavanam1,029
BhavaniG. G. GurumoorthyP. S. Kiruttinasamy16,853
BhavanisagarV. K. ChinnasamyP. A. Swaminathan7,420
BhuvanagiriS. SivalogamR. Radhakrishnan21,877
BodinayakkanurJ. JayalalithaMuthu Manoharan28,731
ChengalpattuV. Tamil ManiC. D. Varadarajan16,341
ChengamM. SettuP. Veerapandiyan3,912
ChepaukM. A. LatheefS. M. Hidayadullah18,353
CheranmadeviP. H. Pandian(JR)R. Avudaiyappan700
CheyyarV. AnbalaganM. Krishnaswamy23,383
ChidambaramD. KrishnamurthyA. Radhakrishnan16,720
ChinnasalemT. UdhayasuriyanK. R. Ramalingam13,538
Coimbatore EastK. RamaniE. Ramakrishnan8,125
Coimbatore WestM. RamanathanT. S. Balasubramaniam25,685
ColachelA. PauliahR. Sambath Chandra12,197
CoonoorN. ThangavelP. Arumugam11,160
CuddaloreE. PugazhenthiM. Radhakrishnan20,382
CumbumE. RamakrishnanR. T. Gopalan15,385
DharapuramT. SanthakumariA. Periasamy1,436
DharmapuriR. ChinnasamyP. Ponnuswamy12,551
DindigulS. A. ThiagarajanM. Sadhana Mary17,802
EdapadiK. PalaniswamiL. Palanisamy1,364
EgmoreParithi Ellam VazhuthiPolur Varadhan20,969
ErodeSubbulakshmi JegadeesanS. Muthusamu(JR)22,198
GingeeN. RamachandranV. Ranganathan22,630
GobichettipalayamK. A. SengottaiyanT. Geetha14,244
GudalurM. K. KareemT. P. Kamalatchan1,280
GudiyathamK. R. SundaramR. Venugopal2,079
GummidipundiK. VenuK. Gopal3,530
HarbourM. KarunanidhiK. A. Wahab31,991
HarurM. AnnamalaiA. Anbazhagan1,877
HosurN. Ramachandra ReddyB. Venkatasamy2,061
IlayangudiM. SathiahS. Palanichamy19,222
JayankondamK. C. GanesanMuthukumarasamy4,867
KadaladiA. M. Ameeth IbrahimS. Balakrishnan409
KadayanallurSamsuddin alias KathiravanS. R. Dubramanian6,879
KalasapakkamP. S. ThiruvengadamS. Krishnamurthy21,695
KancheepuramP. MurugesanS. S. Thirunavukkarasu21,413
KandamangalamS. AlaguveluM. Kannan(JR)25,191
KangayamP. MarappanP. Rathingamy7,671
KanyakumariK. Subramania PillaiV. Arumugham Pillai2,339
KapilamalaiK. A. ManiK. S. Moorthy8,466
KaraikudiR. M. NarayananS. P. Durairasu(JR)24,485
KarurK. V. RamasamyM. Chinnasamy4,502
KatpadiDurai MuruganR. Margabandu19,837
KattumannarkoilA. ThangarajuE. Ramalingam3,841
KaveripattinamV. C. GovindasamiP. Minisamy3,984
KilliyurPon. VijayaraghavanA. Jeyaraj9,831
KinathukidavuK. KandasamyN. Appadurai14,073
KolathurV. RajuSelvaraj alias Kavithai Pithan12,205
KovilpattiS. AlagarsamyS. Radhakrishnan3,284
KrishnarayapuramA. ArivalaganS. Masilamalai10,684
KulittalaiA. Pappa SundaramA. Sivaraman11,810
KumbakonamK. S. ManiK. Krishnamoorthy7,692
KurinjipadiN. GaneshmurthyR. Rasendran28,844
KuttalamR. RajamanickamS. Dhinakaran24,950
LalgudiK. N. NehruSami Thirunavukkarasu23,188
Madurai CentralS. PaulrajA. Deivanayagam11,146
Madurai EastS. R. RadhaN. Sankaraiah13,323
Madurai WestPon. MuthuramalingamR. V. S. Premkumar19,492
MaduranthakamS. D. UgamchandC. Arumugam3,508
ManamaduraiP. DuraipandiV. M. Subramaniam3,452
MangaloreV. GanesanK. Ramalingam20,759
MannargudiK. RamachandaranV. Veerasenan2,725
MarungapuriK. PonnusamyB. Senguttuvan11,023
MayiladuturaiA. SenguttuvanM. M. S. Abul Hasan12,759
MelmalayanurR. PanchatcharamP. U. Shanmugam(JR)12,787
MelurK. V. V. RajamanickamK. R. Thiagarajan8,650
MettupalyamV. GopalakrishnanV. Jayaraman7,160
MetturN. SreeranganK. Gurusamy(JR)1,128
ModakurichiA. GanesamoorthyS. Balakrishnan16,007
MorappurV. Mullai VendanM. G. Sekhar8,507
MudukulathurS. Vellachamy alias Kather BatchaP. K. Krishnan10,404
MugaiyurA. G. SampathM. Longan13,986
MusiriM. ThangavelN. Selvaraju1,449
MylaporeN. GanapathySarojini Varadappan18,195
NagapattinamG. VeeraiyanPon Palanivelu13,797
NagercoilM. MosesP. Dharmaraj6,865
NamakkalP. DuraisamyS. Raju4,343
NanguneriAchiyur M. ManiP. Sironmani1,493
NannilamM. ManimaranA. Kalaiyarasan19,855
NathamM. Andi AmbalamR. Visvanathan5,452
NatrampalliR. MahendranA. R. Rajendran9,581
NellikuppamS.KrishnamoorthyN. V. Jayaseelan11,429
NilakottaiA. S. PonnammalR. Paranthaman692
OddanchatramP. KaliappanP. Balasubramani5,841
OmalurC. KrishnanK. Chinnaraju10,482
OrathanadL. GanesanK. Srinivasan21,978
OttapidaramM. MuthiahO. S. Veluchami1,743
PadmanabhapuramS. Noor MohammadA. T. C. Joseph1,314
PalacodeK. MadhapanT. Chandrasekar4,500
PalaniN. PalanivelB. Panneerselvam2,855
PalayamkottaiS. GurunathanS. A. Khaja Mohideen2,431
PalladamM. KannappanK. Sivaraj13,576
PallipetA. Eakambara ReddyP. M. Narasimhan4,377
PanamarathuypattiS. R. SivalingamP. Thangavelan1,825
PanrutiK. Nanda GopalakiruttinanR. Devasundaram34,908
PapanasamG. Karuppiah MoopanarS. Kalyanasundaram1,092
ParamakudiS. SundararajK. V. R. Kandasamy3,414
Park TownA. Rahman KhanBabuji Gautam20,413
PattukottaiK. AnnaduraiA. R. Marimuthu14,681
PennagaramN. NanjappanP. Srinivasan943
PerambalurR. PitchaimuthuM. Devaraj431
PeramburChengai SivamP. Viswanathan39,990
PeravuraniR. SingaramM. Krishnamoorthy751
PeriyakulamL. MookiahS. Sheik Abdul Khader5,593
PernambutV. GovindanI. Tamilarasan11,446
PernamallurE. EttiyappanJaison Jacob17,320
PerunduraiV. N. SubramanianR. Arumugam14,698
PerurA. NatarajanV. D. Balasubramanian29,933
PollachiV. P. ChandrasekarP. T. Balu3,774
PolurA. RajendranS. Kannan10,144
PongalurS. R. BalasubramaniamN. S. Palanisamy440
PonneriK. SundaramK. Tamizharasan7,607
PoompuharM. Mohammad SiddikR. Rajamannar23,818
PoonamalleeT. R. MasilamaniG. Anathakrishna29,295
PudukottaiA. PeriyannanRama Veerappan19,280
PurasawalkamArcot N. VeerasamiB. Ranganathan38,264
Radhakrishnan NagarS. P. SarkunamE. Madhusudhanan24,256
RadhapuramRamani NallathambiV. Karthesan4,502
RajapalayamV. P. RajanM. Arunachalam4,015
RamanathapuramM. S. K. RajenthiranS. Sekar14,111
RanipetJ. HassainM. Kuppusami3,940
RasipuramA. SubbuV. Thamilarasu460
RishivandiyamEkal M. Natesa OdayarS. Sivaraj5,961
RoyapuramR. MathivananK. Arumugaswamy11,766
SaidapetR. S. SridharSaidai S. Duraisamy(JR)32,589
Salem - IK. R. G. DhanabalanC. N. K. A. Periasamy22,661
Salem - IIVeerapandy S. ArumugamM. Natesan20,765
SamayanallurN. SoundrapandianO. P. Raman15,960
SankarankoilS. ThangaveluK. Marutha Karuppan21,989
SankarapuramM. MuthiyanS. Kalitheerthan(JR)10,017
SankariR. VaradarajanR. Dhanapal7,869
SathankulamKumari AnanthanP. Durairaj1,196
SathyamangalamT. K. SubramaniamS. K. Palanisamy1,087
SatturS. S. KaruppasamyR. Kothandaraman16,061
SedapattiA. AthiyamanR. Muthiah6,536
SendamangalamK. ChinnasamyC. Alagappan5,037
SholavandanD. RadhakrishnanP. S. Manian5,259
SholinghurA. M. MunirathinamC. Manickam5,258
SinganallurEra. MohanP. L. Subbiah38,238
SirkazhiM. PanneerselvamN. Ramasamy22,775
SivagangaB. ManoharanE. M. Sudarsana Natchiappan1,768
SivakasiP. SeenivasanK. Ayyappan5,915
SriperumbudurE. KothandamArul Pugazhenthi6,390
SrirangamY. Venkadeswara DikshidarKu. Pa. Krishnan8,008
SrivaikuntamS. Daniel RajC. Jegaveerapandian3,472
SrivilliputhurA. ThangamR. Thamaraikani(JR)13,495
TalavasalS. GunasekaranT. Rajambal6,079
TambaramM. A. VaithiyalingamA. J. Doss46,261
TaramangalamK. ArjunanP. Kandasamy1,653
TenkasiS. Peter AlphonseV. Pandivelan6,594
ThalliD. C. VijeyandriahK. V. V. Venugopal20,963
ThandarambattuD. PonmudiK. F. Velu(JR)19,529
ThanjavurS. N. M. UbayadullahDurai Thirugnanam34,853
TheniG. Ponnu PillaiN. R. Alagaraja780
T. NagarS. A. GanesanK. Sourirajan22,104
ThirumangalamR. SaminathanN. S. V. Chithan4,055
ThirumayamV. SobiahC. Swaminathan5,744
ThirunavalurA. V. BalasubramanianP. Kannan17,308
ThirupparankundramC. RamachandranV. Rajan Chellappa29,976
ThiruthuraipundiG. PalanisamyN. Kuppusamy8,278
ThiruvadanaiK. R. Ramasamy AmbalamS. Murugappan1,850
ThiruvaramburPappa UmanathV. Swaminathan22,209
ThiruvadaimarudhurS. RamalingamM. Rajangam20,057
ThiruvaiyaruDurai ChandrasekaranSivaji Ganesan10,643
ThiruvattarR. NadesanJ. Hemachandran8,109
ThiruvarurV. ThambusamyRaja Nagooran26,020
ThiruvonamM. RamachandranK. Thangamuthu12,749
ThondamuthurU. K. VellingiriP. Shanmugam21,603
ThottiamK. KannaiyanK. P. Kathamuthu1,137
Thousand LightsM. K. StalinS. S. R. Thambidurai20,634
TindivanamR. MasilamaniK. Ramamurthi10,755
TiruchengodeV. RamasamyR. Rajan18,088
Tiruchy - IA. MalaramannanKa. Shivaraj5,744
Tiruchy - IIAnbil PoyyamozhiK. M. Kader Mohideen9,793
TirunelveliA. L. SubramanianNellai N. S. S. Kannan9,521
Tiruppattur (41)B. SundaramS. P. Manavalan13,457
Tiruppattur (194)S. S. ThennarasuR. Arunagiri10,893
TirupporurD. ThirumurthyM. Govindarajan3,512
TiruppurC. GovindasamyK. Subbarayan17,379
TiruttaniP. NatarajanMunu Adhi9,123
TiruvallurS. R. MunirathinamM. Selvaraj22,239
TiruvannamalaiK. PitchandiA. S. Ravindran34,402
TiruvottiyurT. K. PalanisamyJ. Ramachandran21,072
TriplicaneNanjil K. ManoharanH. V. Hande9,972
TuticorinN. PeriasamyV. Shanmugam547
UdagamandalamH. M. RajuT. Gundan alias Gunda Gowder806
UdumalpetS. J. Sadiq PashaP. Kolandaivelu8,405
UlundurpetK. AngamuthuV. Selvaraj11,905
UppiliapuramR.SarojaM. Varadarajan4,560
UsilambattiP. N. VallarasuV. Pandian1,591
UthiramerurK. SundarP. Sundar Raman11,129
ValangimanYasodha ChellappaVivekananda9,898
ValparaiP. LakshmiD. M. Shanmugam6,672
VandavasiV. DhanarajT. S. Govindan14,088
VaniyambadiP. Abdul SamadN. Kulasekara Pandiyan17,109
VanurA. MarimuthuC. Krishnan22,012
VarahurK. AnnaduraiE. T. Ponnuvelu7,324
VasudevanallurR. EswaranR. Krishnan411
VedaranyamP. V. RajendiranM. Meenakshisundaram5,224
VellakoilDurai RamasamyV. V. Ramasamy5,380
VedasandurP. Muthusamy(JR)S. Gandhirajan890
VeerapandiP. VenkatachalamS. K. Selvam4,141
VelloreV. M. DevarajP. Neelakandan19,360
VilathikulamK. K. S. S. R. RamachandranS. Kumaragurubara Ramanathan7,996
VilavancodeM. SundaradasD. Mony1,214
VillivakkamW. R. VaradarajanD. Balasubramaniam59,421
VillupuramK. PonmudiS. Abdul Latheef22,765
VirudhunagarR. ChokkarA. S. A. Arumugam5,558
VridachalamG. BhuvarahanR. D. Aranganathan14,536
YercaudC. PerumalV. Dhanakodi6,441
Elected as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu

Analysis

The split in the AIADMK and the Congress contesting alone split the opposition votes, while the DMK retained its vote bank and won a comfortable majority.[7] VN Janaki, contesting from Andipatti, lost to DMK's P. Asayan by less than a 5000 vote margin, in a four-way contest between AIADMK (Janaki), AIADMK (Jayalalithaa), Congress, and DMK.

Cabinet

S.noNameDesignationParty
Chief Minister
1.M. KarunanidhiChief MinisterDMK
Cabinet Ministers
2.K. AnbazhaganMinister for EducationDMK
3.S. J. Sadiq PashaMinister for Law
4.Nanjil K. ManoharanMinister for Revenue
5.M. KannappanMinister for Transport
6.K. P. KandasamyMinister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
7.Ko. Si. ManiMinister for Rural Development and Local Administration
8.Pon. MuthuramalingamMinister for Food and Co-operation
9.Veerapandy S. ArumugamMinister for Agriculture
10.Durai MuruganMinister for Public Works
11.Subbulakshmi JagadeesanMinister for Social Welfare and Rural Industries
12.K. PonmudyMinister for Public Health
13.K. N. NehruMinister for Information and Labour
14.S. ThangaveluMinister for Handlooms and Urban Development
15.K. ChandrasekaranMinister for Animal Husbandry
16.K. SundaramMinister for Adi Dravidar Welfare

See also

|Ninth|1989-91|S. Krishnamoorthy|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|-

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Kaliyaperumal, M. The office of the speaker in Tamilnadu : A study. Madras University. 1992. 100. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110721181440/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/4880/5/MAU-1992-055-4.pdf. 21 July 2011. dmy-all.
  2. Web site: The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, XVII Assembly Third Session (12 November - 22 December, 1986). Government of Tamil Nadu. 2010-01-05.
  3. Web site: The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, VIII Assembly Sixth Session (27-28 January, 1986). Government of Tamil Nadu. 2010-01-05.
  4. http://www.blonnet.com/2004/11/03/stories/2004110300010800.htm The politics of governor's office, The Business Line - 3 November 2003
  5. Web site: A political agenda, Frontline - 15 November 1997 . 4 August 2010 . 7 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121107014313/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1423/14231280.htm . dead .
  6. http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200999 All For You, Amma Outlook Magazine 13 March 1996
  7. http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200677 Raising The Dead Outlook Magazine 24 January 1996
  8. Book: Thakurta , Paranjoy Guha . Shankar Raghuraman . A Time of Coalitions. SAGE. 2004. 235–236. 978-0-7619-3237-6.
  9. News: Subramaniamn . TS . Celluloid connections . Frontline . 2004-07-30 . 2009-01-21 . dead . https://archive.today/20071114203713/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2115/stories/20040730003803600.htm . 14 November 2007 . dmy-all.
  10. News: Kantha. Sachi Sri. Book Review: Autobiography of Actor-Politician Sivaji Ganesan. Sangam. 2008-11-09. 2009-01-21.
  11. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/21/world/south-india-election-will-test-political-strength-of-gandhi.html?pagewanted=1 South India Election Will Test Political Strength of Gandhi, The New York Times 21 January 1989
  12. Book: Ganesan, P. C.. Daughter of the South: biography of Jayalalitha. 1996. 57. 978-81-207-1879-1. Sterling Publishers.
  13. Book: The Journal of parliamentary information, Volume 35. 1996. 228. Lok Sabha Secretariat.
  14. Web site: Election Commission of India . 1989 Election Statistical Report . 19 April 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf . 6 October 2010.
  15. http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf ECI: 1989 Election Statistical Report