1988 United States presidential election in Texas explained

See main article: 1988 United States presidential election.

Election Name:	1988 United States presidential election in Texas
Country:	Texas
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	1984 United States presidential election in Texas
Previous Year:	1984
Next Election:	1992 United States presidential election in Texas
Next Year:	1992
Election Date:	November 8, 1988
Turnout:	66.17% (of registered voters) 44.34% (of voting age population)^[1]
Image1:	File:VP George Bush crop.jpg
Nominee1:	George H. W. Bush
Party1:	Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:	Texas
Running Mate1:	Dan Quayle
Electoral Vote1:	29
Popular Vote1:	3,036,829
Percentage1:	55.95%
Nominee2:	Michael Dukakis
Party2:	Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:	Massachusetts
Running Mate2:	Lloyd Bentsen
Electoral Vote2:	0
Popular Vote2:	2,352,748
Percentage2:	43.35%
Map Size:	350px
President
Before Election:	Ronald Reagan
Before Party:	Republican Party (United States)
After Election:	George H. W. Bush
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)

The 1988 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 29 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won his home state against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.

Texas voted for Bush by a solid 12.6% margin. Texas had been considered a competitive, albeit Republican-leaning, state in the run-up to the election.^[2]

Background

Support for the Republican Party of Texas grew during the 1980s. Republican nominee Bill Clements won the governorship in 1978 and returned to the office in 1986 after losing in the 1982 election. Between 1978 and 1986, Republican membership in the Texas House of Representatives rose from 22 to 56, in the United States House of Representatives from 4 to 10, and in local and judicial offices from 0 to 504.

Campaign

Primary

Dukakis won 38% of the white vote. The racial composition of the Democratic primary was 67% white, 23% black, and 11% Hispanic.

45% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.

Dukakis selected Texas U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen, who had previously been considered in 1984, to serve as his vice-presidential running mate. U.S. Senator Phil Gramm nominated Bush at the Republican National Convention.

General

Bentsen was running for reelection in the concurrent senatorial election against Republican nominee Beau Boulter. The Bush campaign and Texas GOP were initially interested in aiding Boulter, but later pursued a Texas Ticket strategy in which they promoted voting for both Bush in the presidential election and Bentsen in the senatorial election. Bentsen criticized the strategy on October 22, stating that the "Republicans are trying to peddle the notion that you can vote twice for Texas by voting for George Bush and Lloyd Bentsen". Bentsen won reelection despite the Republican victory in the presidential election.

61% of white voters supported Bush while 38% supported Dukakis.

, and despite Bill Clinton's two ensuing nationwide election victories (while holding the Republican margin of victory in Texas to single digits both times), the 1988 election constitutes the last occasion when Lee County, Calhoun County and San Saba County have supported the Democratic presidential nominee.^[3]

Results

1988 United States presidential election in Texas
Party		Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Electoral votes
	Republican	George H. W. Bush	3,036,829	55.95%	29
	Democratic	Michael Dukakis	2,352,748	43.35%	0
	Libertarian	Ron Paul	30,355	0.56%	0
	New Alliance Party	Lenora Fulani	7,208	0.13%	0
	Write-Ins		160	>0.01%	0
	Socialist Workers Party	James Warren	110	>0.01%	0
Totals			5,427,410	100.0%	29

Results by county

County	George H.W. Bush Republican		Michael Dukakis Democratic		Ron Paul^[4] Libertarian		Various candidates Other parties		Margin		Total votes cast
		%		%		%		%		%
	Anderson		7,858		55.95%		6,128		43.63%		49		0.35%		10		0.07%		1,730		12.32%		14,045
	Andrews		3,052		72.82%		1,122		26.77%		12		0.29%		5		0.12%		1,930		46.05%		4,191
	Angelina		12,738		53.40%		10,849		45.48%		249		1.04%		16		0.07%		1,889		7.92%		23,852
	Aransas		3,858		62.27%		2,305		37.20%		29		0.47%		4		0.06%		1,553		25.07%		6,196
	Archer		2,010		55.13%		1,627		44.62%		9		0.25%		0		0.00%		383		10.51%		3,646
	Armstrong		720		69.23%		314		30.19%		6		0.58%		0		0.00%		406		39.04%		1,040
	Atascosa		4,777		50.26%		4,657		49.00%		63		0.66%		7		0.07%		120		1.26%		9,504
	Austin		4,524		63.18%		2,593		36.22%		41		0.57%		2		0.03%		1,931		26.96%		7,160
	Bailey		1,459		62.27%		876		37.39%		8		0.34%		0		0.00%		583		24.88%		2,343
	Bandera		3,435		72.15%		1,251		26.28%		72		1.51%		3		0.06%		2,184		45.87%		4,761
	Bastrop		5,991		42.51%		8,004		56.80%		91		0.65%		6		0.04%		-2,013		-14.29%		14,092
	Baylor		914		44.15%		1,153		55.70%		3		0.14%		0		0.00%		-239		-11.55%		2,070
	Bee		4,620		49.78%		4,616		49.74%		39		0.42%		6		0.06%		4		0.04%		9,281
	Bell		29,382		61.79%		17,751		37.33%		365		0.77%		53		0.11%		11,631		24.46%		47,551
	Bexar		193,192		52.25%		174,036		47.07%		2,144		0.58%		377		0.10%		19,156		5.18%		369,749
	Blanco		1,680		61.79%		1,012		37.22%		24		0.88%		3		0.11%		668		24.57%		2,719
	Borden		283		62.33%		169		37.22%		1		0.22%		1		0.22%		114		25.11%		454
	Bosque		3,458		56.26%		2,670		43.44%		16		0.26%		3		0.05%		788		12.82%		6,147
	Bowie		15,454		55.31%		12,331		44.13%		131		0.47%		25		0.09%		3,123		11.18%		27,941
	Brazoria		34,028		57.60%		23,436		39.67%		1,549		2.62%		68		0.12%		10,592		17.93%		59,081
	Brazos		29,369		65.72%		14,885		33.31%		348		0.78%		88		0.20%		14,484		32.41%		44,690
	Brewster		1,708		51.55%		1,569		47.36%		33		1.00%		3		0.09%		139		4.19%		3,313
	Briscoe		464		44.27%		574		54.77%		8		0.76%		2		0.19%		-110		-10.50%		1,048
	Brooks		608		17.43%		2,859		81.94%		10		0.29%		12		0.34%		-2,251		-64.51%		3,489
	Brown		6,810		58.68%		4,763		41.04%		29		0.25%		4		0.03%		2,047		17.64%		11,606
	Burleson		2,242		41.99%		3,085		57.78%		11		0.21%		1		0.02%		-843		-15.79%		5,339
	Burnet		5,120		53.85%		4,343		45.68%		42		0.44%		3		0.03%		777		8.17%		9,508
	Caldwell		3,553		43.00%		4,649		56.27%		52		0.63%		8		0.10%		-1,096		-13.27%		8,262
	Calhoun		3,183		48.79%		3,314		50.80%		21		0.32%		6		0.09%		-131		-2.01%		6,524
	Callahan		2,887		58.67%		2,017		40.99%		10		0.20%		7		0.14%		870		17.68%		4,921
	Cameron		24,263		43.68%		30,972		55.75%		253		0.46%		64		0.12%		-6,709		-12.07%		55,552
	Camp		1,908		47.20%		2,121		52.47%		12		0.30%		1		0.02%		-213		-5.27%		4,042
	Carson		2,100		66.71%		1,034		32.85%		11		0.35%		3		0.10%		1,066		33.86%		3,148
	Cass		5,305		47.11%		5,941		52.75%		14		0.12%		2		0.02%		-636		-5.64%		11,262
	Castro		1,604		52.61%		1,436		47.10%		8		0.26%		1		0.03%		168		5.51%		3,049
	Chambers		3,694		54.48%		3,035		44.76%		46		0.68%		6		0.09%		659		9.72%		6,781
	Cherokee		7,520		57.12%		5,604		42.57%		38		0.29%		3		0.02%		1,916		14.55%		13,165
	Childress		1,201		52.98%		1,060		46.76%		6		0.26%		0		0.00%		141		6.22%		2,267
	Clay		2,043		47.07%		2,288		52.72%		8		0.18%		1		0.02%		-245		-5.65%		4,340
	Cochran		771		52.74%		681		46.58%		8		0.55%		2		0.14%		90		6.16%		1,462
	Coke		863		55.97%		674		43.71%		4		0.26%		1		0.06%		189		12.26%		1,542
	Coleman		2,340		54.15%		1,978		45.78%		3		0.07%		0		0.00%		362		8.37%		4,321
	Collin		67,776		74.29%		22,934		25.14%		465		0.51%		55		0.06%		44,842		49.15%		91,230
	Collingsworth		872		51.81%		809		48.07%		2		0.12%		0		0.00%		63		3.74%		1,683
	Colorado		3,723		56.41%		2,847		43.14%		26		0.39%		4		0.06%		876		13.27%		6,600
	Comal		13,994		70.04%		5,716		28.61%		237		1.19%		33		0.17%		8,278		41.43%		19,980
	Comanche		2,120		44.53%		2,622		55.07%		18		0.38%		1		0.02%		-502		-10.54%		4,761
	Concho		617		48.85%		643		50.91%		1		0.08%		2		0.16%		-26		-2.06%		1,263
	Cooke		7,196		62.84%		4,217		36.82%		30		0.26%		9		0.08%		2,979		26.02%		11,452
	Coryell		7,461		64.17%		4,026		34.63%		123		1.06%		17		0.15%		3,435		29.54%		11,627
	Cottle		379		35.00%		690		63.71%		14		1.29%		0		0.00%		-311		-28.71%		1,083
	Crane		1,219		67.05%		596		32.78%		3		0.17%		0		0.00%		623		34.27%		1,818
	Crockett		932		51.24%		881		48.43%		6		0.33%		0		0.00%		51		2.81%		1,819
	Crosby		1,121		43.75%		1,435		56.01%		5		0.20%		1		0.04%		-314		-12.26%		2,562
	Culberson		417		42.46%		557		56.72%		3		0.31%		5		0.51%		-140		-14.26%		982
	Dallam		1,205		64.72%		645		34.64%		12		0.64%		0		0.00%		560		30.08%		1,862
	Dallas		347,094		58.38%		243,198		40.91%		3,446		0.58%		800		0.13%		103,896		17.47%		594,538
	Dawson		3,154		59.32%		2,155		40.53%		6		0.11%		2		0.04%		999		18.79%		5,317
	Deaf Smith		3,744		65.39%		1,930		33.71%		36		0.63%		16		0.28%		1,814		31.68%		5,726
	Delta		849		40.41%		1,244		59.21%		8		0.38%		0		0.00%		-395		-18.80%		2,101
	Denton		57,444		68.22%		26,204		31.12%		474		0.56%		88		0.10%		31,240		37.10%		84,210
	DeWitt		3,628		58.00%		2,579		41.23%		43		0.69%		5		0.08%		1,049		16.77%		6,255
	Dickens		435		38.12%		696		61.00%		7		0.61%		3		0.26%		-261		-22.88%		1,141
	Dimmit		900		24.65%		2,735		74.91%		12		0.33%		4		0.11%		-1,835		-50.26%		3,651
	Donley		1,043		60.89%		661		38.59%		9		0.53%		0		0.00%		382		22.30%		1,713
	Duval		907		17.79%		4,177		81.95%		11		0.22%		2		0.04%		-3,270		-64.16%		5,097
	Eastland		3,929		54.83%		3,215		44.86%		19		0.27%		3		0.04%		714		9.97%		7,166
	Ector		23,155		67.80%		10,825		31.70%		152		0.45%		20		0.06%		12,330		36.10%		34,152
	Edwards		556		59.78%		368		39.57%		4		0.43%		2		0.22%		188		20.21%		930
	Ellis		16,422		59.18%		11,169		40.25%		104		0.37%		54		0.19%		5,253		18.93%		27,749
	El Paso		55,573		46.79%		62,622		52.72%		434		0.37%		152		0.13%		-7,049		-5.93%		118,781
	Erath		5,427		56.71%		4,113		42.98%		0		0.00%		30		0.31%		1,314		13.73%		9,570
	Falls		2,344		44.76%		2,877		54.94%		11		0.21%		5		0.10%		-533		-10.18%		5,237
	Fannin		4,024		43.67%		5,163		56.03%		23		0.25%		4		0.04%		-1,139		-12.36%		9,214
	Fayette		4,551		57.09%		3,390		42.53%		29		0.36%		1		0.01%		1,161		14.56%		7,971
	Fisher		721		32.19%		1,516		67.68%		3		0.13%		0		0.00%		-795		-35.49%		2,240
	Floyd		1,741		55.48%		1,391		44.33%		3		0.10%		3		0.10%		350		11.15%		3,138
	Foard		306		37.32%		513		62.56%		1		0.12%		0		0.00%		-207		-25.24%		820
	Fort Bend		39,818		62.43%		23,351		36.61%		458		0.72%		157		0.25%		16,467		25.82%		63,784
	Franklin		1,439		49.69%		1,453		50.17%		3		0.10%		1		0.03%		-14		-0.48%		2,896
	Freestone		3,159		51.85%		2,916		47.87%		16		0.26%		1		0.02%		243		3.98%		6,092
	Frio		1,505		33.16%		3,016		66.46%		16		0.35%		1		0.02%		-1,511		-33.30%		4,538
	Gaines		2,265		62.81%		1,310		36.33%		28		0.78%		3		0.08%		955		26.48%		3,606
	Galveston		34,913		47.15%		38,633		52.18%		431		0.58%		65		0.09%		-3,720		-5.03%		74,042
	Garza		1,183		54.02%		989		45.16%		17		0.78%		1		0.05%		194		8.86%		2,190
	Gillespie		5,662		77.42%		1,588		21.71%		61		0.83%		2		0.03%		4,074		55.71%		7,313
	Glasscock		384		72.73%		143		27.08%		1		0.19%		0		0.00%		241		45.65%		528
	Goliad		1,427		51.11%		1,358		48.64%		7		0.25%		0		0.00%		69		2.47%		2,792
	Gonzales		2,983		50.42%		2,897		48.97%		35		0.59%		1		0.02%		86		1.45%		5,916
	Gray		7,259		74.22%		2,460		25.15%		55		0.56%		7		0.07%		4,799		49.07%		9,781
	Grayson		18,825		56.55%		14,347		43.10%		97		0.29%		18		0.05%		4,478		13.45%		33,287
	Gregg		26,465		67.19%		12,486		31.70%		416		1.06%		20		0.05%		13,979		35.49%		39,387
	Grimes		2,820		50.52%		2,735		49.00%		23		0.41%		4		0.07%		85		1.52%		5,582
	Guadalupe		13,265		64.37%		7,111		34.50%		0		0.00%		233		1.13%		6,154		29.87%		20,609
	Hale		6,284		64.05%		3,502		35.69%		19		0.19%		6		0.06%		2,782		28.36%		9,811
	Hall		714		40.96%		1,029		59.04%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		-315		-18.08%		1,743
	Hamilton		1,718		55.67%		1,355		43.91%		12		0.39%		1		0.03%		363		11.76%		3,086
	Hansford		1,967		81.25%		443		18.30%		11		0.45%		0		0.00%		1,524		62.95%		2,421
	Hardeman		855		42.73%		1,143		57.12%		2		0.10%		1		0.05%		-288		-14.39%		2,001
	Hardin		6,897		45.46%		8,245		54.34%		28		0.18%		3		0.02%		-1,348		-8.88%		15,173
	Harris		464,217		57.02%		342,919		42.12%		5,205		0.64%		1,819		0.22%		121,298		14.90%		814,160
	Harrison		11,957		56.18%		8,974		42.16%		335		1.57%		19		0.09%		2,983		14.02%		21,285
	Hartley		1,229		70.35%		505		28.91%		11		0.63%		2		0.11%		724		41.44%		1,747
	Haskell		1,193		40.93%		1,715		58.83%		5		0.17%		2		0.07%		-522		-17.90%		2,915
	Hays		11,716		50.36%		11,187		48.09%		330		1.42%		31		0.13%		529		2.27%		23,264
	Hemphill		1,170		68.62%		527		30.91%		8		0.47%		0		0.00%		643		37.71%		1,705
	Henderson		11,005		52.61%		9,819		46.94%		73		0.35%		21		0.10%		1,186		5.67%		20,918
	Hidalgo		29,246		34.87%		54,330		64.78%		210		0.25%		84		0.10%		-25,084		-29.91%		83,870
	Hill		4,796		52.14%		4,381		47.63%		20		0.22%		1		0.01%		415		4.51%		9,198
	Hockley		4,368		60.25%		2,850		39.31%		27		0.37%		5		0.07%		1,518		20.94%		7,250
	Hood		7,400		63.16%		4,255		36.32%		55		0.47%		6		0.05%		3,145		26.84%		11,716
	Hopkins		5,133		50.61%		4,984		49.14%		25		0.25%		0		0.00%		149		1.47%		10,142
	Houston		3,882		50.00%		3,846		49.54%		30		0.39%		6		0.08%		36		0.46%		7,764
	Howard		6,024		57.28%		4,445		42.26%		41		0.39%		7		0.07%		1,579		15.02%		10,517
	Hudspeth		405		49.63%		406		49.75%		4		0.49%		1		0.12%		-1		-0.12%		816
	Hunt		12,331		58.06%		8,820		41.53%		79		0.37%		8		0.04%		3,511		16.53%		21,238
	Hutchinson		7,526		71.50%		2,950		28.03%		43		0.41%		7		0.07%		4,576		43.47%		10,526
	Irion		539		62.17%		326		37.60%		1		0.12%		1		0.12%		213		24.57%		867
	Jack		1,542		50.16%		1,521		49.48%		11		0.36%		0		0.00%		21		0.68%		3,074
	Jackson		2,954		57.75%		2,141		41.86%		18		0.35%		2		0.04%		813		15.89%		5,115
	Jasper		4,985		42.87%		6,613		56.87%		28		0.24%		3		0.03%		-1,628		-14.00%		11,629
	Jeff Davis		524		60.23%		325		37.36%		19		2.18%		2		0.23%		199		22.87%		870
	Jefferson		35,754		38.99%		55,649		60.69%		209		0.23%		81		0.09%		-19,895		-21.70%		91,693
	Jim Hogg		510		23.80%		1,630		76.06%		2		0.09%		1		0.05%		-1,120		-52.26%		2,143
	Jim Wells		4,335		33.64%		8,495		65.92%		42		0.33%		14		0.11%		-4,160		-32.28%		12,886
	Johnson		17,509		58.03%		12,507		41.45%		139		0.46%		16		0.05%		5,002		16.58%		30,171
	Jones		3,000		50.71%		2,898		48.99%		17		0.29%		1		0.02%		102		1.72%		5,916
	Karnes		2,383		48.31%		2,529		51.27%		18		0.36%		3		0.06%		-146		-2.96%		4,933
	Kaufman		8,466		53.19%		7,358		46.23%		72		0.45%		20		0.13%		1,108		6.96%		15,916
	Kendall		4,875		76.20%		1,446		22.60%		75		1.17%		2		0.03%		3,429		53.60%		6,398
	Kenedy		76		38.78%		119		60.71%		1		0.51%		0		0.00%		-43		-21.93%		196
	Kent		274		40.65%		398		59.05%		1		0.15%		1		0.15%		-124		-18.40%		674
	Kerr		11,207		75.03%		3,587		24.01%		139		0.93%		4		0.03%		7,620		51.02%		14,937
	Kimble		1,061		65.62%		551		34.08%		4		0.25%		1		0.06%		510		31.54%		1,617
	King		111		63.43%		64		36.57%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		47		26.86%		175
	Kinney		771		53.17%		669		46.14%		8		0.55%		2		0.14%		102		7.03%		1,450
	Kleberg		4,443		44.67%		5,367		53.96%		132		1.33%		4		0.04%		-924		-9.29%		9,946
	Knox		765		42.93%		1,013		56.85%		3		0.17%		1		0.06%		-248		-13.92%		1,782
	Lamar		8,021		51.42%		7,553		48.42%		21		0.13%		3		0.02%		468		3.00%		15,598
	Lamb		3,064		57.64%		2,230		41.95%		17		0.32%		5		0.09%		834		15.69%		5,316
	Lampasas		3,000		60.41%		1,954		39.35%		6		0.12%		6		0.12%		1,046		21.06%		4,966
	La Salle		693		29.46%		1,651		70.20%		6		0.26%		2		0.09%		-958		-40.74%		2,352
	Lavaca		4,377		54.97%		3,531		44.35%		52		0.65%		2		0.03%		846		10.62%		7,962
	Lee		2,513		49.60%		2,527		49.87%		23		0.45%		4		0.08%		-14		-0.27%		5,067
	Leon		2,778		54.31%		2,316		45.28%		21		0.41%		0		0.00%		462		9.03%		5,115
	Liberty		8,524		50.22%		8,343		49.15%		95		0.56%		11		0.06%		181		1.07%		16,973
	Limestone		3,257		48.16%		3,476		51.40%		28		0.41%		2		0.03%		-219		-3.24%		6,763
	Lipscomb		1,111		74.12%		377		25.15%		10		0.67%		1		0.07%		734		48.97%		1,499
	Live Oak		2,277		58.69%		1,573		40.54%		29		0.75%		1		0.03%		704		18.15%		3,880
	Llano		3,550		57.24%		2,629		42.39%		21		0.34%		2		0.03%		921		14.85%		6,202
	Loving		54		70.13%		23		29.87%		0		0.00%		0		0.00%		31		40.26%		77
	Lubbock		50,760		69.26%		22,202		30.29%		269		0.37%		61		0.08%		28,558		38.97%		73,292
	Lynn		1,279		54.03%		1,086		45.88%		2		0.08%		0		0.00%		193		8.15%		2,367
	Madison		1,896		50.60%		1,835		48.97%		16		0.43%		0		0.00%		61		1.63%		3,747
	Marion		1,857		44.97%		2,255		54.61%		16		0.39%		1		0.02%		-398		-9.64%		4,129
	Martin		1,017		61.60%		632		38.28%		2		0.12%		0		0.00%		385		23.32%		1,651
	Mason		975		58.91%		671		40.54%		9		0.54%		0		0.00%		304		18.37%		1,655
	Matagorda		6,787		54.01%		5,675		45.16%		92		0.73%		12		0.10%		1,112		8.85%		12,566
	Maverick		1,592		26.52%		4,395		73.21%		10		0.17%		6		0.10%		-2,803		-46.69%		6,003
	McCulloch		1,618		49.13%		1,665		50.56%		10		0.30%		0		0.00%		-47		-1.43%		3,293
	McLennan		38,606		58.12%		27,545		41.47%		220		0.33%		52		0.08%		11,061		16.65%		66,423
	McMullen		302		75.88%		94		23.62%		2		0.50%		0		0.00%		208		52.26%		398
	Medina		5,722		57.05%		4,227		42.15%		75		0.75%		5		0.05%		1,495		14.90%		10,029
	Menard		552		47.14%		614		52.43%		5		0.43%		0		0.00%		-62		-5.29%		1,171
	Midland		30,618		77.86%		8,487		21.58%		209		0.53%		12		0.03%		22,131		56.28%		39,326
	Milam		3,512		41.83%		4,865		57.94%		17		0.20%		2		0.02%		-1,353		-16.11%		8,396
	Mills		1,043		55.24%		842		44.60%		3		0.16%		0		0.00%		201		10.64%		1,888
	Mitchell		1,596		47.27%		1,773		52.52%		2		0.06%		5		0.15%		-177		-5.25%		3,376
	Montague		3,475		48.36%		3,689		51.34%		19		0.26%		3		0.04%		-214		-2.98%		7,186
	Montgomery		40,360		68.24%		18,394		31.10%		354		0.60%		38		0.06%		21,966		37.14%		59,146
	Moore		3,710		70.25%		1,537		29.10%		21		0.40%		13		0.25%		2,173		41.15%		5,281
	Morris		2,104		37.37%		3,522		62.56%		3		0.05%		1		0.02%		-1,418		-25.19%		5,630
	Motley		429		61.99%		262		37.86%		1		0.14%		0		0.00%		167		24.13%		692
	Nacogdoches		11,767		62.32%		6,886		36.47%		211		1.12%		19		0.10%		4,881		25.85%		18,883
	Navarro		6,445		48.71%		6,749		51.01%		34		0.26%		4		0.03%		-304		-2.30%		13,232
	Newton		1,659		31.25%		3,640		68.56%		6		0.11%		4		0.08%		-1,981		-37.31%		5,309
	Nolan		2,734		48.74%		2,853		50.86%		19		0.34%		3		0.05%		-119		-2.12%		5,609
	Nueces		46,337		48.30%		49,209		51.30%		293		0.31%		93		0.10%		-2,872		-3.00%		95,932
	Ochiltree		2,928		83.25%		579		16.46%		8		0.23%		2		0.06%		2,349		66.79%		3,517
	Oldham		691		68.82%		303		30.18%		9		0.90%		1		0.10%		388		38.64%		1,004
	Orange		11,959		39.99%		17,834		59.63%		100		0.33%		15		0.05%		-5,875		-19.64%		29,908
	Palo Pinto		4,649		53.85%		3,930		45.52%		47		0.54%		8		0.09%		719		8.33%		8,634
	Panola		4,642		52.87%		4,123		46.96%		13		0.15%		2		0.02%		519		5.91%		8,780
	Parker		14,090		62.01%		8,517		37.48%		103		0.45%		13		0.06%		5,573		24.53%		22,723
	Parmer		2,061		72.60%		764		26.91%		12		0.42%		2		0.07%		1,297		45.69%		2,839
	Pecos		2,483		55.67%		1,960		43.95%		13		0.29%		4		0.09%		523		11.72%		4,460
	Polk		5,831		48.88%		5,943		49.82%		145		1.22%		10		0.08%		-112		-0.94%		11,929
	Potter		16,400		62.76%		9,563		36.60%		147		0.56%		21		0.08%		6,837		26.16%		26,131
	Presidio		586		33.09%		1,176		66.40%		7		0.40%		2		0.11%		-590		-33.31%		1,771
	Rains		1,281		46.82%		1,448		52.92%		4		0.15%		3		0.11%		-167		-6.10%		2,736
	Randall		27,986		76.33%		8,492		23.16%		173		0.47%		15		0.04%		19,494		53.17%		36,666
	Reagan		935		69.00%		418		30.85%		2		0.15%		0		0.00%		517		38.15%		1,355
	Real		795		61.58%		483		37.41%		11		0.85%		2		0.15%		312		24.17%		1,291
	Red River		2,475		43.79%		3,165		56.00%		11		0.19%		1		0.02%		-690		-12.21%		5,652
	Reeves		1,724		37.86%		2,812		61.75%		9		0.20%		9		0.20%		-1,088		-23.89%		4,554
	Refugio		1,883		50.56%		1,831		49.17%		8		0.21%		2		0.05%		52		1.39%		3,724
	Roberts		441		75.90%		135		23.24%		5		0.86%		0		0.00%		306		52.66%		581
	Robertson		2,184		37.45%		3,630		62.24%		16		0.27%		2		0.03%		-1,446		-24.79%		5,832
	Rockwall		7,214		72.58%		2,659		26.75%		60		0.60%		6		0.06%		4,555		45.83%		9,939
	Runnels		2,417		58.28%		1,720		41.48%		9		0.22%		1		0.02%		697		16.80%		4,147
	Rusk		9,117		63.70%		5,140		35.91%		49		0.34%		7		0.05%		3,977		27.79%		14,313
	Sabine		1,925		48.28%		2,053		51.49%		9		0.23%		0		0.00%		-128		-3.21%		3,987
	San Augustine		1,946		47.65%		2,118		51.86%		9		0.22%		11		0.27%		-172		-4.21%		4,084
	San Jacinto		2,691		47.31%		2,972		52.25%		25		0.44%		0		0.00%		-281		-4.94%		5,688
	San Patricio		9,159		47.07%		9,920		50.98%		355		1.82%		24		0.12%		-761		-3.91%		19,458
	San Saba		1,099		48.27%		1,165		51.16%		12		0.53%		1		0.04%		-66		-2.89%		2,277
	Schleicher		653		56.44%		494		42.70%		7		0.61%		3		0.26%		159		13.74%		1,157
	Scurry		3,749		63.61%		2,119		35.95%		24		0.41%		2		0.03%		1,630		27.66%		5,894
	Shackelford		865		55.66%		681		43.82%		8		0.51%		0		0.00%		184		11.84%		1,554
	Shelby		3,999		48.34%		4,261		51.50%		12		0.15%		1		0.01%		-262		-3.16%		8,273
	Sherman		1,145		76.38%		340		22.68%		12		0.80%		2		0.13%		805		53.70%		1,499
	Smith		34,658		64.67%		18,719		34.93%		184		0.34%		31		0.06%		15,939		29.74%		53,592
	Somervell		1,304		56.79%		983		42.81%		9		0.39%		0		0.00%		321		13.98%		2,296
	Starr		1,218		14.83%		6,958		84.74%		30		0.37%		5		0.06%		-5,740		-69.91%		8,211
	Stephens		2,342		60.45%		1,519		39.21%		12		0.31%		1		0.03%		823		21.24%		3,874
	Sterling		464		70.73%		188		28.66%		3		0.46%		1		0.15%		276		42.07%		656
	Stonewall		421		36.70%		724		63.12%		1		0.09%		1		0.09%		-303		-26.42%		1,147
	Sutton		996		63.44%		571		36.37%		2		0.13%		1		0.06%		425		27.07%		1,570
	Swisher		1,271		39.98%		1,893		59.55%		15		0.47%		0		0.00%		-622		-19.57%		3,179
	Tarrant		242,660		61.24%		151,310		38.19%		1,797		0.45%		470		0.12%		91,350		23.05%		396,237
	Taylor		28,563		67.97%		13,073		31.11%		357		0.85%		31		0.07%		15,490		36.86%		42,024
	Terrell		296		42.96%		390		56.60%		2		0.29%		1		0.15%		-94		-13.64%		689
	Terry		2,645		57.50%		1,941		42.20%		13		0.28%		1		0.02%		704		15.30%		4,600
	Throckmorton		455		45.59%		534		53.51%		8		0.80%		1		0.10%		-79		-7.92%		998
	Titus		4,247		49.27%		4,357		50.55%		15		0.17%		1		0.01%		-110		-1.28%		8,620
	Tom Green		21,463		63.10%		12,283		36.11%		229		0.67%		37		0.11%		9,180		26.99%		34,012
	Travis		105,915		44.86%		127,783		54.13%		1,777		0.75%		609		0.26%		-21,868		-9.27%		236,084
	Trinity		2,448		47.65%		2,657		51.72%		30		0.58%		2		0.04%		-209		-4.07%		5,137
	Tyler		3,070		42.10%		4,198		57.57%		23		0.32%		1		0.01%		-1,128		-15.47%		7,292
	Upshur		5,991		53.18%		5,242		46.53%		30		0.27%		2		0.02%		749		6.65%		11,265
	Upton		1,189		68.33%		544		31.26%		4		0.23%		3		0.17%		645		37.07%		1,740
	Uvalde		4,266		53.32%		3,684		46.04%		44		0.55%		7		0.09%		582		7.28%		8,001
	Val Verde		5,109		50.03%		5,044		49.40%		50		0.49%		8		0.08%		65		0.63%		10,211
	Van Zandt		7,371		54.36%		6,153		45.38%		33		0.24%		2		0.01%		1,218		8.98%		13,559
	Victoria		15,056		62.08%		8,923		36.79%		247		1.02%		27		0.11%		6,133		25.29%		24,253
	Walker		8,473		58.88%		5,826		40.48%		82		0.57%		10		0.07%		2,647		18.40%		14,391
	Waller		3,607		47.31%		3,957		51.90%		50		0.66%		10		0.13%		-350		-4.59%		7,624
	Ward		2,709		59.02%		1,858		40.48%		19		0.41%		4		0.09%		851		18.54%		4,590
	Washington		6,041		66.85%		2,960		32.75%		31		0.34%		5		0.06%		3,081		34.10%		9,037
	Webb		7,528		31.59%		16,227		68.09%		43		0.18%		34		0.14%		-8,699		-36.50%		23,832
	Wharton		6,978		53.71%		5,935		45.69%		65		0.50%		13		0.10%		1,043		8.02%		12,991
	Wheeler		1,703		61.33%		1,067		38.42%		7		0.25%		0		0.00%		636		22.91%		2,777
	Wichita		23,324		56.08%		17,956		43.17%		262		0.63%		48		0.12%		5,368		12.91%		41,590
	Wilbarger		2,669		54.15%		2,248		45.61%		12		0.24%		0		0.00%		421		8.54%		4,929
	Willacy		1,750		35.43%		3,165		64.07%		21		0.43%		4		0.08%		-1,415		-28.64%		4,940
	Williamson		27,322		57.85%		19,589		41.48%		267		0.57%		52		0.11%		7,733		16.37%		47,230
	Wilson		4,436		52.65%		3,953		46.92%		32		0.38%		4		0.05%		483		5.73%		8,425
	Winkler		1,656		63.42%		947		36.27%		7		0.27%		1		0.04%		709		27.15%		2,611
	Wise		6,064		53.22%		5,288		46.41%		38		0.33%		5		0.04%		776		6.81%		11,395
	Wood		6,216		54.69%		4,553		40.06%		33		0.29%		564		4.96%		1,663		14.63%		11,366
	Yoakum		1,762		70.28%		727		29.00%		16		0.64%		2		0.08%		1,035		41.28%		2,507
	Young		4,156		57.78%		3,007		41.80%		28		0.39%		2		0.03%		1,149		15.98%		7,193
	Zapata		958		30.56%		2,171		69.25%		5		0.16%		1		0.03%		-1,213		-38.69%		3,135
	Zavala		628		15.81%		3,338		84.02%		7		0.18%		0		0.00%		-2,710		-68.21%		3,973
Totals	3,036,829	55.95%	2,352,748	43.35%	30,355	0.56%	7,478	0.14%	684,081	12.60%	5,427,410

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

• Bastrop
• Baylor
• Briscoe
• Burleson
• Caldwell
• Calhoun
• Cameron
• Camp
• Cass
• Clay
• Comanche
• Concho
• Crosby
• Culberson
• Delta
• El Paso
• Falls
• Fannin
• Foard
• Franklin
• Galveston
• Hall
• Hardeman
• Hardin
• Haskell
• Hudspeth
• Jasper
• Karnes
• Kent
• Kleberg
• Knox
• Lee
• Limestone
• Marion
• McCulloch
• Menard
• Milam
• Mitchell
• Montague
• Navarro
• Nolan
• Nueces
• Polk
• Rains
• Red River
• Reeves
• Sabine
• San Augustine
• San Jacinto
• San Patricio
• San Saba
• Shelby
• Terrell
• Throckmorton
• Titus
• Travis
• Trinity
• Tyler
• Waller

^{[5] [6]}

See also

• United States presidential elections in Texas
• Presidency of George H. W. Bush

Works cited

• Book: Black . Earl . Earl Black (political scientist) . Black . Merle . Merle Black . The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected . . 1992 . 0674941306.
• Book: Moreland . Laurence . Steed . Robert . Baker . Tod . The 1988 Presidential Election in the South: Continuity Amidst Change in Southern Party Politics . . 1991 . 0275931455.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current).
2. Web site: Sentinel. Walter Manley II, Special to The. NATION'S FATE RESTS WITH 7 STATES THE VOTE OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE IS THE ONLY ONE THAT COUNTS. 2021-01-17. OrlandoSentinel.com. en-US.
3. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
4. Our Campaigns; TX US President Race, November 08, 1988
5. Web site: 1984 Presidential General Election Results - Texas. Dave Leip's election atlas.
6. Web site: 1988 Presidential General Election Results - Texas. Dave Leip's election atlas.