1988 Soviet nuclear tests explained

1988
Country:	Soviet Union
Test Site:	Arkhangelsk, Russia; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia; Yamalo-Nenets, Russia
Period:	1988
Number Of Tests:	16
Test Type:	underground shaft, tunnel
Max Yield:	150ktTNT
Next Series:	1989 Soviet nuclear tests

The Soviet Union's 1988 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1988. These tests ^[1] followed the 1987 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1989 Soviet nuclear tests series.

Soviet Union's 1988 series tests and detonations
- !style="background:#ffdead;"	Name ^[2] !style="background:#efefef;"	Date time (UT) !style="background:#ffdead;"	Local time zone^[3] ^[4] !style="background:#efefef;"	Location^[5] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Elevation + height ^[6] !style="background:#efefef;"	Delivery, ^[7] Purpose ^[8] !style="background:#efefef;"	Device^[9] !style="background:#ffdead;"	Yield^[10] !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Fallout^[11] !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"	References !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable"	Notes	- ! 692 - 1	04:19:09.13	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664°N 78.0287°W	738m (2,421feet) +	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 692 - 2	04:19:09.1	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664°N 78.0287°W	738m (2,421feet) +	tunnel, safety experiment						- ! 692 - 3	04:19:09.1	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 168p 49.7664°N 78.0287°W	738m (2,421feet) +	tunnel, safety experiment						- ! 693 - 1	03:05:08.28	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1361 49.9329°N 78.8671°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 693 - 2	03:05:08.3	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1361 49.9329°N 78.8671°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 694	01:33:08.21	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1336 49.9076°N 78.9065°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 695	09:30:09.44	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 704 49.7942°N 78.1°W	629m (2,064feet) – 124m (407feet)	tunnel, weapon effect						- ! 696	00:57:09.15	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1359 49.9494°N 78.7503°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, fundamental science						- ! 697 - 1	22:49:58.34	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314°N 54.553°W	100m (300feet) – 300m (1,000feet)	tunnel, weapon effect			Venting detected on site, 1.2kCi			- ! 697 - 2	22:49:58.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314°N 54.553°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, weapon effect						- ! 697 - 3	22:49:58.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-24 73.314°N 54.553°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, weapon effect						- ! 698	02:27:09.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1421 50.0239°N 78.9592°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 699 Rubin 2 (Ruby)	16:20:00.1	SVET (5 hrs)	Yamalo-Nenets, Russia: RN-2 66.28°N 78.491°W	– 830m (2,720feet)	underground shaft, seismic sounding					Seismic probing program.	- ! 700 Rubin 1 (Ruby)	16:19:59.9	MSK (3 hrs)	Arkhangelsk, Russia: RN-1 61.3599°N 48.0926°W	– 800m (2,600feet)	underground shaft, seismic sounding					Seismic probing program.	- ! 701 Shaga (Steps)	04:00:00.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1350 49.8787°N 78.823°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, joint verification					The Soviet part of the Joint Verification Experiment.	- ! 702	03:40:09.16	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 34 49.7799°N 78.0079°W	733m (2,405feet) +	tunnel, weapon effect						- ! 703	03:30:06.27	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1412 50.0463°N 78.9679°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 704 - 1	03:57:08.99	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726°N 78.0378°W	693m (2,274feet) – 204m (669feet)	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 704 - 2	03:57:09.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726°N 78.0378°W	693m (2,274feet) +	tunnel, fundamental science						- ! 704 - 3	03:57:09.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/1 49.7726°N 78.0378°W	693m (2,274feet) +	tunnel, safety experiment						- ! 705 - 1	05:19:53.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366°N 55.001°W	100m (300feet) – 400m (1,300feet)	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 705 - 2	05:19:53.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366°N 55.001°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 705 - 3	05:19:53.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366°N 55.001°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 705 - 4	05:19:53.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366°N 55.001°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, weapon effect						- ! 705 - 5	05:19:53.3	MSK (3 hrs)	NZ Area B, Matochkin Shar, Novaya Zemlya, Russia: A-27 73.366°N 55.001°W	100m (300feet) +	tunnel, safety experiment						- ! 706 - 1	04:18:09.24	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1346 49.881°N 78.9233°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 706 - 2	04:18:09.2	ALMT (6 hrs)	Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1346 49.881°N 78.9233°W	330m (1,080feet) +	underground shaft, weapons development						- ! 707 - 1	05:28:10.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 901p 49.8023°N 78.0655°W	710m (2,330feet) +	tunnel, weapons development						- ! 707 - 2	05:28:10.0	ALMT (6 hrs)	Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 901p 49.8023°N 78.0655°W	710m (2,330feet) +	tunnel, weapons development

Notes and References

A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Web site: V. N.. Mikhailov. Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing. Begell-Atom, LLC. 2013-12-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm. 2014-04-26. dead.
The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions - Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 - 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
Web site: Time Zone Historical Database. iana.com. March 8, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140311224729/http://www.ietf.org/timezones/. 2014-03-11. dead.
Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.