| Election Name: | 1988 French legislative election |
| Country: | France |
| Type: | legislative |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1986 French legislative election |
| Previous Year: | 1986 |
| Next Election: | 1993 French legislative election |
| Next Year: | 1993 |
| Seats For Election: | All 577 seats to the French National Assembly 289 seats were needed for a majority |
| Election Date: | 5 and 12 June 1988 |
| Turnout: | 65.7% (1st round) 69.9% (4.2 pp) (2nd round) |
| Leader1: | Michel Rocard |
| Party1: | Socialist Party (France) |
| Leaders Seat1: | Yvelines-7th |
| Last Election1: | 206 seats |
| Seats1: | 262 |
| Seat Change1: | 56 |
| Popular Vote1: | 8,493,702 (round) 9,198,778 (round) |
| Percentage1: | 34.77% (round) 45.31% (round) |
| Leader2: | Jean Lecanuet |
| Party2: | Union for French Democracy |
| Leaders Seat2: | Seine-Maritime (Senator) |
| Last Election2: | 127 seats |
| Seats2: | 130 |
| Seat Change2: | 3 |
| Popular Vote2: | 4,519,459 (round) 4,299,370 (round) |
| Percentage2: | 18.50% (round) 21.18% (round) |
| Leader3: | Jacques Chirac |
| Party3: | Rally for the Republic |
| Leaders Seat3: | Corrèze-3rd |
| Last Election3: | 149 seats |
| Seats3: | 128 |
| Seat Change3: | 21 |
| Popular Vote3: | 4,687,047 (round) 4,688,493 (round) |
| Percentage3: | 19.19% (round) 23.09% (round) |
| Leader4: | Georges Marchais |
| Party4: | French Communist Party |
| Leaders Seat4: | none |
| Last Election4: | 35 seats |
| Seats4: | 27 |
| Seat Change4: | 8 |
| Popular Vote4: | 2,765,761 (round) 695,569 (round) |
| Percentage4: | 11.32% (round) 3.43% (round) |
| Leader5: | Jean-Marie Le Pen |
| Party5: | National Front (France) |
| Last Election5: | 35 seats |
| Seats5: | 1 |
| Seat Change5: | 34 |
| Popular Vote5: | 2,359,528 (round) 216,704 (round) |
| Percentage5: | 9.66% (round) 1.07% (round) |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Jacques Chirac |
| Before Party: | Rally for the Republic |
| After Election: | Michel Rocard |
| After Party: | Socialist Party (France) |
| Map Size: | 425px |
Legislative elections were held in France on 5 and 12 June 1988,[1] to elect the ninth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, one month after the re-election of François Mitterrand as President of France.
In 1986, the Socialist Party (PS) of President Mitterrand lost the legislative election. For the first time under the Fifth Republic, the President was forced to "cohabit" with a hostile parliamentary majority and cabinet. He chose the RPR leader Jacques Chirac as Prime Minister. The two heads of the executive power were rivals for the 1988 presidential election.
Inspired by the example of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, Chirac campaigned on an aggressively right-wing set of policies (including privatisations, abolition of the solidarity tax on wealth and tightening restrictions on immigration) but he was faced with significant opposition in French society. For his part, Mitterrand presented himself as the protector of national unity. He campaigned for a "united France" and warned against "the appropriation of the state by a clan", targeting Chirac and the RPR. An alliance between the Socialists and the center-right UDF was evoked.
After Mitterrand's re-election, Chirac resigned. Some politicians and commentators suggested not dissolving the National Assembly and instead nominating a UDF Prime minister (Valéry Giscard d'Estaing or Simone Veil). President Mitterrand refused. The polls indicated a "pink surge" if new legislative elections were organized. However, he nominated the moderate Socialist Michel Rocard to lead the cabinet and declared that it was unhealthy for democracy if one party held all the power.
Despite a very good result in the first round, the "Presidential Majority" (composed of the PS and the Left Radicals) obtained only a small parliamentary majority after the second round. The PS and its allies won 276 seats against 271 for the Republican right-wing coalition and 27 Communists. The re-establishment of the majoritarian two-ballot system resulted in the National Front, which had held 35 seats during the previous term, dropping to only one seat.
Some personalities from "civil society" and four UDF politicians participated in the government. They were supported by a minority of their party, which created a new parliamentary group: the Union of the Centre. The executive power relied on the "Presidential Majority" which widened towards the Union of the Centre or the French Communist Party depending on the policy being advocated by the government.
A Communist group (24 members + 1 caucusing) was created on 15 July 1988 following the lowering of the threshold to form a group from 30 to 20.