Eurovision Song Contest 1984 Explained

Eurovision Song Contest
Year:1984
Size:300px
Final:5 May 1984
Presenters:Désirée Nosbusch
Musdirector:Pierre Cao
Director:René Steichen
Exsupervisor:Frank Naef
Exproducer:Ray van Cant
Host:French: [[RTL Group|Radio Télévision Luxembourg]]|i=unset (RTL)
Venue:French: [[Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg|Théâtre Municipal]]|i=unset
Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Winner:
"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"
Vote:Each country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their ten favourite songs
Entries:19
Debut:None
Map Nosemis:Y

The Eurovision Song Contest 1984 was the 29th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 5 May 1984 in the French: [[Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg|Théâtre Municipal]]|i=unset in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster French: [[RTL Group|Radio Télévision Luxembourg]]|i=unset (RTL), the contest was held in Luxembourg following the country's victory at the with the song "French: [[Si la vie est cadeau]]|i=unset" by Corinne Hermès. The event was presented by Désirée Nosbusch, who, at 19 years old, remains the youngest person to have hosted the contest .

Nineteen countries participated in the contest, with returning after a one-year absence, and and, which had participated in the previous year's event, declining to enter. The winner was with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley", composed by Torgny Söderberg, written by Britt Lindeborg and performed by the group Herreys. This was Sweden's second contest victory, coming ten years after ABBA's win in the . Ireland finished as runner-up, and placed third and fourth, respectively, and and tied for fifth place.

Location

The 1984 contest took place in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, following the country's victory at the with the song "French: [[Si la vie est cadeau]]|i=unset" performed by Corinne Hermès. It was the fourth time that Luxembourg had hosted the event, following the contests held in, and .[1] The chosen venue was the French: [[Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg|Grand Théâtre]]|i=unset, also known as the French: Nouveau Théâtre|i=unset or French: Théâtre Municipal|i=unset, an arts venue inaugurated in 1964, and which had previously hosted the contest in 1973.[2] [3] [4] Luxembourgish broadcaster French: [[RTL Group|Radio Télévision Luxembourg]]|i=unset (RTL) initially had difficulty in finding a suitable venue to host the contest, and eventually settled on the French: Grand Théâtre|i=unset, which was smaller compared to the venue used at the 1983 contest. The theatre's main auditorium usualy holds an audience around 950 people, however this was reduced with the addition of technical equipment and commentator's boxes. As a result tickets were not sold to the general public and only press, members of each country's delegation and diplomatic representatives were alowed to watch the live show at the venue.

Participating countries

Entries from a total of nineteen countries participated in the event. returned to the contest after a one-year absence, however and decided not to participate. Israel declined to enter as the date of the contest clashed with Hebrew: [[Yom HaZikaron]]|i=unset, while Greece, which had originally planned to participate in the contest, reportedly withdrew its planned participation as the quality of the songs submitted to the Greek broadcaster for consideration was deemed to be of too low a quality.[5]

A number of the participating artists in this year's event had previously competed in past editions of the contest. 's Mary Roos had finished third in and made a second appearance for the country in 1984;[6] Izolda Barudžija, who had been a member of the group Aska that represented in, participated again this year alongside Vlado Kalember;[7] [8] Kit Rolfe, lead singer of the 's Belle and the Devotions, had previously performed in the as a backing vocalist for the British entry Sweet Dreams;[9] [10] and Gary Lux, who had represented in 1983 as a member of the group Westend, returned as a backing vocalist for the Austrian singer Anita.[11]

+ Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1984[12] [13]
CountryBroadcasterArtistSongLanguageSongwriter(s)Conductor
ORFAnita"German: Einfach weg|i=unset"GermanRichard Oesterreicher
RTBFJacques Zegers"Italian: Avanti|i=unset French: la vie|i=unset"FrenchJo Carlier
CyBCAndy Paul"Anna Mari-Elena" (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Άννα Μαρί-Έλενα)GreekAndy PaulPierre Cao
DRHot Eyes"Danish: Det' lige det|i=unset"DanishHenrik Krogsgaard
YLEKirka"Finnish: Hengaillaan|i=unset"FinnishOssi Runne
French: [[France 2|Antenne 2]]|i=unsetAnnick Thoumazeau"French: Autant d'amoureux que d'étoiles|i=unset"FrenchFrançois Rauber
BRMary Roos"German: Aufrecht geh'n|i=unset"GermanPierre Cao
RTÉLinda Martin"Terminal 3"EnglishJohnny LoganNoel Kelehan
RAIAlice and Franco Battiato"Italian: [[I treni di Tozeur]]|i=unset"ItalianGiusto Pio
CLTSophie Carle"French: 100% d'amour|i=unset"FrenchPascal Stive
NOSMaribelle"Dutch; Flemish: Ik hou van jou|i=unset"DutchRogier van Otterloo
NRKDollie de Luxe"Norwegian: Lenge leve livet|i=unset"NorwegianSigurd Jansen
RTPMaria Guinot"Portuguese: Silêncio e tanta gente|i=unset"PortugueseMaria GuinotPedro Osório
TVEBravo"Lady, Lady"SpanishEddy Guerin
SVTHerreys"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"SwedishCurt-Eric Holmquist
SRG SSRRainy Day"German: Welche Farbe hat der Sonnenschein|i=unset"GermanGünter LooseMario Robbiani
TRTTurkish: [[Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra]]|i=unset"Turkish: Halay|i=unset"TurkishSelçuk Basar
BBCBelle and the Devotions"Love Games"EnglishJohn Coleman
JRTIda and Vlado"Italian: Ciao, amore|i=unset"Serbo-CroatianMato Došen

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1984 was produced by the Luxembourgish public broadcaster French: [[RTL Group|Radio Télévision Luxembourg]]|i=unset (RTL). Ray van Cant served as executive producer, served as producer, René Steichen served as director, served as designer, and Pierre Cao served as musical director, leading the orchestra.[14] [15] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[16]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[17] [18] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance.[19] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[20]

The results of the 1984 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in : each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[21] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of eleven individuals, who were all required to be members of the public with no connection to the music industry, with a recommendation that there should be a balance between the sexes and that half should be under 25 years old. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and five votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[22] [23]

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 30 April 1984. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals of 40 minutes were held on 30 April and 1 May, followed by a press conference for each delegation and the accredited press. Each country's second rehearsals were held on 2 and 3 May and lasted 20 minutes total. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 4 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 5 May, with an invited audience present for the second dress rehearsal.

Dutch designer Roland de Groot was in charge of the set design of the contest for the fourth time, having previously done so, and, the three previous contests staged in the Netherlands. For the 1984 contest, de Groot's design centred around various shapes which were suspended over the performance area on a series of pulleys and which could be moved around the stage in between the competing acts; this allowed for different backdrops to be created for each entry.[24] Each entry was preceded by a video postcard which served as an introduction to that country, as well as creating a transition between entries to allow stage crew to make changes on stage.[25] [26] The postcards for the 1984 contest featured a troupe of actors referred to during the contest as "the Tourists", and focussed on the various cultural stereotypes of each of the competing countries and portrayed these a humorous context, often with heavy use of computer animation.

Contest overview

The contest was held on 5 May 1984, beginning at 21:00 (CEST) and lasting 2 hours and 12 minutes. The event was presented by the Luxembourgish television presenter and actress Désirée Nosbusch; at 19 years old, Nosbusch remains the youngest individual to have hosted the Eurovision Song Contest, and went on to present the contest in French, German, Luxembourgish and English during the contest.[27] [28] Among the invited guests present in the audience was Prince Henri, then heir to the Luxembourger throne. The contest's interval act featured a performance by the Prague Theatre of Illuminated Drawings.[29] [30] The medallions awarded to the winners were presented by the previous year's winning artist Corinne Hermès.

The 1984 contest featured one of the first instances of booing to be heard at the Eurovision Song Contest, which occurred immediately after the United Kingdom's entry. Various reasons for the booing have been proposed: these include being a response to football hooliganism which occurred in Luxembourg by English football fans during the qualifying stage of the 1984 European Championship, the use of off-stage backing vocalists during the UK's performance which gave an impression that members of Belle and the Devotions were lip syncing, and allegations that their song, "Love Games", which was heavily inspired by 1960s Motown tracks, had plagiarised previous tracks by the Supremes.

The winner was represented by the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley", composed by Torgny Söderberg, written by Britt Lindeborg and performed by Herreys, comprising brothers Per, Richard and Louis Herrey.[31] It was Sweden's second contest win, ten years after ABBA's victory in .[32] It was also the thirdand,, lasttime that the winning entry was the first to be performed, following the and contests.[33] [34] During the traditional winner's reprise performance, the group sung part of the winning song in English, with lyrics written by Per Herrey.[35]

+ Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1984[36]
CountryArtistSongPointsPlace
1Herreys"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"1451
2"French: 100% d'amour|i=unset"3910
3"French: Autant d'amoureux que d'étoiles|i=unset"618
4Bravo"Lady, Lady"1063
5Dollie de Luxe"Norwegian: Lenge leve livet|i=unset"2917
6Belle and the Devotions"Love Games"637
7"Anna Mari-Elena"3115
8"Italian: Avanti|i=unset French: la vie|i=unset"705
9"Terminal 3"1372
10Hot Eyes"Danish: Det' lige det|i=unset"1014
11Maribelle"Dutch; Flemish: Ik hou van jou|i=unset"3413
12Ida and Vlado"Italian: Ciao, amore|i=unset"2618
13Anita"German: Einfach weg|i=unset"519
14"German: Aufrecht geh'n|i=unset"3413
15Turkish: [[Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra]]|i=unset"Turkish: Halay|i=unset"3712
16Kirka"Finnish: Hengaillaan|i=unset"469
17Rainy Day"German: Welche Farbe hat der Sonnenschein|i=unset"3016
18Alice and Franco Battiato"Italian: [[I treni di Tozeur]]|i=unset"705
19"Portuguese: Silêncio e tanta gente|i=unset"3811

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[37] Known spokespersons at the 1984 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries. The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[40] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

+ Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1984[41] [42]
scope="col"
Sweden145 6 6 4 10 7 12 7 12 12 10 4 12 12 3 8 10 6 4
Luxembourg39 7 7 5 5 8 4 3
France61 2 2 6 3 10 12 8 4 7 7
Spain106 10 8 10 6 4 6 3 7 7 2 2 6 12 3 8 12
Norway29 8 7 1 3 2 6 2
United Kingdom63 3 1 3 8 2 2 8 1 4 1 2 7 1 4 10 6
Cyprus31 4 1 4 10 12
Belgium70 12 12 2 3 8 3 4 5 10 1 10
Ireland137 12 5 3 10 4 8 10 12 3 7 10 10 10 7 12 12 2
Denmark101 5 3 8 6 12 12 5 8 10 3 6 4 5 2 5 1 5 1
Netherlands34 2 7 8 1 6 5 5
Yugoslavia26 2 3 8 3 8 2
Austria5 1 4
Germany34 4 7 2 6 2 5 1 2 5
Turkey37 6 5 4 2 1 10 3 6
Finland46 7 5 1 5 4 6 3 5 1 6 3
Switzerland30 1 10 1 5 8 1 4
Italy70 10 12 1 7 6 7 12 7 8
Portugal38 4 5 6 7 8 8

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Sweden received the maximum score of 12 points from five of the voting countries, with Ireland receiving four sets of 12 points, Belgium, Denmark, Italy and Sweden each receiving two sets of 12 points, and Cyprus and France receiving one maximum score each.

+ Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1984
N.ContestantNation(s) giving 12 points
5 ,,,,
4,,,
2,
,
,
,
1

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

+ Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
CountryBroadcasterChannel(s)Commentator(s)
ORFFS2Ernst Grissemann[43] [44]
RTBFRTBF1[45]
BRTTV1Luc Appermont[46]
CyBCRIK, Greek, Modern (1453-);: A Programma|i=unset[47] [48]
DRDR TVJørgen de Mylius[49]
KNRKNR[50]
SVF[51]
YLETV1[52] [53]
Finnish: {{ill|Rinnakkaisohjelma|fi
French: [[France 2|Antenne 2]]|i=unsetLéon Zitrone[54] [55]
RFOFrench: {{ill|Martinique La Première|fr|Martinique La Première (télévision)|lt=RFO-Martinique[56]
ARDGerman: [[Das Erste|Deutsches Fernsehen]]|i=unset[57] [58]
RTÉRTÉ 1Gay Byrne[59]
RTÉ Radio 1Larry Gogan[60]
RAIItalian: [[Rai 2|Rai Due]]|i=unsetAntonio De Robertis[61]
CLTFrench: [[RTL9|RTL Télévision]]|i=unset[62]
RTL plus
NOSDutch; Flemish: [[NPO 1|Nederland 1]]|i=unsetIvo Niehe[63] [64]
NRKNorwegian: [[NRK1|NRK Fjernsynet]]|i=unsetRoald Øyen[65]
NRK P1
RTPRTP1, Portuguese: [[Antena 1 (Portugal)|Antena 1]]|i=unset[66] [67]
TVETVE 2José-Miguel Ullán[68] [69]
SVTTV1Fredrik Belfrage
SRG SSRTV DRS[70] [71]
TSR[72]
TSI[73]
TRTTurkish: [[TRT 1|TRT Televizyon]]|i=unset[74]
BBCBBC1Terry Wogan[75]
BFBSBFBS RadioRichard Nankivell
JRT[[RTS1 (Serbian TV channel)|TV Beograd 1]]|i=unset, TV Novi Sad, TV Titograd 1, TV Zagreb 1Oliver Mlakar[76] [77] [78]
TV Koper-Capodistria[79]
[80]
TV Skopje 1
+ Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
CountryBroadcasterChannel(s)Commentator(s)
SBSNetwork 0–28[81]
ČSTČST2[82]
RÚVIcelandic: [[RÚV (TV channel)|Sjónvarpið]]|i=unset[83]
JTVJTV2[84]
TeleCuraçao[85]
TPTP1[86]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Luxembourg – Participation history . . 24 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531112855/https://eurovision.tv/country/luxembourg . 31 May 2022 . live.
  2. Book: O'Connor, John Kennedy . John Kennedy O'Connor . The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History . 2010 . . London, United Kingdom . 978-1-84732-521-1 . 2nd . 96–99.
  3. Web site: Grand Théâtre . . 18 April 2024 . 18 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418134630/https://www.luxembourg-city.com/en/place/theater/grand-theatre-luxembourg . live .
  4. Web site: Clarinval . France . Grand Théâtre: 50 ans de scènes . Grand Theatre: 50 years of scenes . Paperjam . 18 April 2024 . fr . 15 January 2014 . 18 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418133133/https://paperjam.lu/article/news-grand-theatre-50-ans-de-scenes . live .
  5. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2016 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-118-9 . Three: The 1980s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 200–201.
  6. Web site: Mary Roos: Biografie der deutschen ESC-Teilnehmerin . www.eurovision.de . . 15 April 2024 . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20170224085527/http://www.eurovision.de/teilnehmer/Mary-Roos-Biografie-der-deutschen-ESC-Teilnehmerin,maryroos143.html . 24 February 2017 . live.
  7. Web site: Yazıcıtunc . Gunec Gulun . Eurovision 1984: Yugoslavia's Vlado and Isolda in focus . EuroVisionary . 15 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425175436/https://eurovisionary.com/eurovision-1984-yugoslavias-vlado-and-isolda-in-focus/ . 25 April 2021 . 22 April 2021 . live.
  8. Web site: Turci su zabranili Izoldin spot, a Jugosloveni ih obožavali: Gde su nestale sestre Barudžija, kojima se divio Balkan? . The Turks banned Izolda's music video, and the Yugoslavs adored them: To where did the Barudžija sisters, whom the Balkans admired, disappear? . . 15 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230821080604/https://glossy.espreso.co.rs/poznati/vesti/220064/gde-su-danas-sestre-izolda-eleonora-barudzija . 21 August 2023 . sr-latn . 21 August 2023 . live.
  9. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2016 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-118-9 . Three: The 1980s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 184–186.
  10. Web site: Smith . Christopher . Where Are They Now? Belle and The Devotions . Talk About Pop Music . 15 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220618111156/https://talkaboutpopmusic.com/2022/06/18/where-are-they-now-belle-and-the-devotions/ . 18 June 2022 . 18 June 2022 . live.
  11. News: Gary Lux über den Song Contest: 'Damals kannte mich wirklich jeder' . Gary Lux on the song contest: 'Back then everyone really knew me' . 28 October 2023 . . 16 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124222130/https://kurier.at/freizeit/gary-lux-ueber-den-song-contest-damals-kannte-mich-wirklich-jeder/400493878 . 24 January 2022 . live . de.
  12. Web site: Participants of Luxembourg 1984 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331213512/https://eurovision.tv/event/luxembourg-1984/participants . 31 March 2023 . 4 July 2023 . European Broadcasting Union.
  13. Web site: 1984 – 29th edition . diggiloo.net . 4 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322044258/http://www.diggiloo.net/?1984 . 22 March 2022 . live.
  14. Web site: Luxembourg 1984 – Eurovision Song Contest . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531032406/https://eurovision.tv/event/luxembourg-1984 . 31 May 2022 . 11 April 2024 . European Broadcasting Union.
  15. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2016 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-118-9 . Three: The 1980s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 211.
  16. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2016 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-118-9 . Three: The 1980s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 202–208.
  17. Web site: How it works – Eurovision Song Contest . 18 May 2019 . European Broadcasting Union . 2 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220531032850/https://eurovision.tv/about/how-it-works . 31 May 2022 . en-gb . live.
  18. Web site: Jerusalem 1999 – Eurovision Song Contest . European Broadcasting Union . 29 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220621202249/https://eurovision.tv/event/jerusalem-1999 . 21 June 2022 . "For the first time since the 1970s participants were free to choose which language they performed in." . live.
  19. Web site: The Rules of the Contest . 31 October 2018 . European Broadcasting Union . 24 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004011300/https://eurovision.tv/about/rules . 4 October 2022 . live.
  20. Web site: Escudero . Victor M. . #EurovisionAgain travels back to Dublin 1997 . European Broadcasting Union . 24 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220523190024/https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovisionagain-dublin-1997 . 23 May 2022 . 18 April 2020 . live . "The orchestra also saw their days numbered as, from 1997, full backing tracks were allowed without restriction, meaning that the songs could be accompanied by pre-recorded music instead of the live orchestra.".
  21. Web site: In a Nutshell – Eurovision Song Contest . European Broadcasting Union . 8 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220626052301/https://eurovision.tv/history/in-a-nutshell . 26 June 2022 . 31 March 2017 . dead.
  22. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2016 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-118-9 . Three: The 1980s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 208–210.
  23. Book: Roxburgh, Gordon . Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest . 2014 . Telos Publishing . 978-1-84583-093-9 . Two: The 1970s . Prestatyn, United Kingdom . 189–193.
  24. Web site: Doeswijk . Liselotte . Roland de Groot: ESF1984 . Vorm van vermaak . 18 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161014123316/http://www.vormvanvermaak.nl/roland-de-groot-esf1984/ . 14 October 2016 . nl . 7 July 2014 . live.
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  26. Web site: Kurris . Denis . Eurovision 2022: The theme of this year's Eurovision postcards . ESC Plus . 24 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220501103821/https://www.esc-plus.com/eurovision-2022-the-theme-of-this-years-eurovision-postcards/ . 1 May 2022 . 1 May 2022 . live.
  27. News: Petit . Mélissa . Douze points: 40th anniversary of Luxembourg's fifth and last victory in the Eurovision Song Contest . 11 April 2024 . . 23 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230423060238/https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/history/a/2055222.html . 23 April 2023 . en . live.
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  30. Web site: Dodd . Joshua . The definitive guide to Eurovision interval acts . ESCplus . 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200515030937/https://www.esc-plus.com/the-definitive-guide-to-eurovision-interval-acts/ . 15 May 2020 . 6 April 2018 . live.
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  33. Web site: Museum Monday Week Three: Herrey's . European Broadcasting Union . 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071229/https://eurovision.tv/story/museum-monday-week-three-herrey-s . 13 May 2018 . 13 June 2016 . live.
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  37. Web site: Lugano to Liverpool: Broadcasting Eurovision . . 23 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512185848/https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/broadcasting-eurovision/ . 12 May 2023 . 24 May 2021 . live.
  38. Book: Thorsson . Leif . Verhage . Martin . Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna . Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals . 2006 . Premium Publishing . Stockholm . 91-89136-29-2 . sv . 172–173.
  39. News: Eurovision şarkı yarışması bu gece . Eurovision song contest tonight . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171047/https://egazete.cumhuriyet.com.tr//Archive/CUMHURIYET/GAZETE_ARSIVI/1984/5/5/A28DECAF-267F-4AC3-BF09-716CC3BC0E13_3241769_12.jpeg . 13 January 2023 . Istanbul, Turkey . 12 . tr . live.
  40. 5 May 1984 . Concours Eurovision de la Chanson 1984 . Eurovision Song Contest 1984 . Television programme . . Radio Télévision Luxembourg . en, fr, de, lb.
  41. Web site: Results of the Final of Luxembourg 1984 . European Broadcasting Union . 15 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210415195208/https://eurovision.tv/event/luxembourg-1984/final/results . 15 April 2021 . live.
  42. Web site: Eurovision Song Contest 1984 – Scoreboard . European Broadcasting Union . 21 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043148/http://www.eurovision.tv/page/history/by-year/contest?event=300#Scoreboard . 24 September 2015 . dead.
  43. News: Programm – 18. Folge vom 29.4. bis 5.5. 1984 – Samstag 5. Mai . Schedule – Issue 18 from 29/04 to 05/05 1984 – Saturday 4 May . 27 June 2024 . Erlafthal-Bote . 25 April 1984 . Scheibbs, Austria . 12 . de . Austrian National Library.
  44. News: Halbhuber . Axel . Ein virtueller Disput der ESC-Kommentatoren . A virtual dispute between Eurovision commentators . 5 January 2023 . . 22 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150523031620/http://kurier.at/kultur/song-contest/ein-virtueller-disput-der-esc-kommentatoren/131.875.853 . 23 May 2015 . de . live.
  45. News: D'er effe uit krant – Zaterdag 5 mei . A quick look from the newspaper – Saturday, May 5 . 13 January 2023 . De Voorpost . 4 May 1984 . 12 . Aalst, Belgium . nl . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171339/https://aalst.courant.nu/issue/DVP/1984-05-04/edition/0/page/12 . live .
  46. News: TV vandaag . TV today . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . 19 . Meppel, Netherlands . nl . Delpher.
  47. News: Τηλεσημερινη . Today's TV . 4 March 2024 . Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Simerini|I Simerini]]|i=unset . 5 May 1984 . Nicosia, Cyprus . 4 . el . .
  48. News: Ραδιόφωνο . Radio . 4 March 2024 . Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Phileleftheros|O Phileleftheros]]|i=unset . 5 May 1984 . Nicosia, Cyprus . 2 . el . .
  49. Web site: Alle tiders programoversigter – Lørdag den 5. maj 1984 . All-time programme overviews – Saturday 5 May 1984 . . da . 2 April 2024.
  50. News: KNR-TV – Arfininngorneq 19. maj/Lørdag den 19. maj . KNR-TV – Saturday 19 May . 15 July 2024 . . 9 May 1984 . Nuuk, Greenland . kl, da . 55 . Timarit.is.
  51. News: Sjónvarp – Fríggjadagin 11. mai . Television – Friday, 11 May . 15 July 2024 . . 11 May 1984 . Hoyvik, Faroe Islands . fo, da . 13 . .
  52. News: Radio · TV . 23 December 2022 . . 5 May 1984 . 61 . fi . subscription . 23 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221223163300/https://nakoislehti.hs.fi/f549790e-0477-4719-95e5-5dcfc98b6712 . live .
  53. News: Kirkan vuoro kuudentenatoista . Kirka's turn at number sixteen . 23 December 2022 . . 5 May 1984 . 61 . fi . subscription . 23 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221223163300/https://nakoislehti.hs.fi/f549790e-0477-4719-95e5-5dcfc98b6712 . live .
  54. News: Télévision – Samedi 5 mai . Radio-Television – Saturday 5 May . 18 June 2024 . Le Monde Loisirs . 5 May 1984 . Paris, France . 7 . Internet Archive.
  55. News: Samedi 5 mai . Saturday 5 May . 13 January 2023 . . 21 . 5 May 1984 . Neuchâtel, Switzerland . fr . E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  56. News: Television : voir et entendre, entendre pour comprendre, mais comprendre pure critiquer – Mercredi 20 juin 1984 . Television: seeing and hearing, hearing to understand, but understanding purely to criticize – Wednesday June 20, 1984 . 17 June 2024 . Le Progressiste . 20 June 1984 . Fort-de-France, Martinique . fr . 4 . Digital Library of the Caribbean.
  57. News: Fernsehen•Rundfunk . Television•Radio . 24 May 2024 . . 5 May 1984 . . 21 . de . Internet Archive.
  58. News: Ibel . Wolfgang . Aufrecht gehn, Mary! . Walk tall, Mary! . . 18 January 2023 . de . 3 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120503125127/http://www.ecgermany.de/archiv/bilder/Fotos%20ESC%201984/Presse%2084%207.jpg . live .
  59. Saturday – Television . . 4 May 1984.
  60. Radio – Saturday . . 4 May 1984.
  61. TV Sabato SA 5 maggio . TV Saturday SAT 5 May . . 28 April – 5 May 1985 . 61 . 18 . 52–55 . 7 June 2024 . it.
  62. Samstag, 5. Mai . Saturday 5 May . . 15 May 2024 . fr, de . 10–11 . 2 May 1984 . 15 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240515201938/https://viewer.eluxemburgensia.lu/ark:70795/9h7zkrw3g7/pages/108 . live .
  63. News: Langerak . Henk . Herrey's gladde winnaars festival . Herreys smooth contest winners . 13 January 2023 . . 7 May 1984 . 7 . Rotterdam, Netherlands . nl . Delpher.
  64. News: Radio en televisie, programma's . Radio and television, programmes . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . 7 . Heerlen, Netherlands . nl . Delpher.
  65. News: Radio · TV . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . 46 . Oslo, Norway . no . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171340/https://www.nb.no/items/772b8d57db9f289bd365df8b988f892b?page=45 . live .
  66. News: Televisão – Hoje . Television – Today . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . Lisbon, Portugal . 17 . pt . Casa Comum . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171339/http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=06842.192.29933#!17 . live .
  67. News: Rádio . Radio . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . Lisbon, Portugal . 18 . pt . Casa Comum . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171339/http://casacomum.org/cc/visualizador?pasta=06842.192.29933#!18 . live .
  68. News: Programas de TVE – Para hoy . TVE Programmes – For today . 17 July 2024 . . 5 May 1984 . 14 . Ávila, Spain . es . .
  69. Web site: HerGar . Paula . Todos los comentaristas de la historia de España en Eurovisión (y una única mujer en solitario) . All the commentators in the history of Spain in Eurovision (and only a single woman) . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210926203750/https://los40.com/los40/2018/03/27/album/1522166894_094380.html . 26 September 2021 . es . 28 March 2018 . live.
  70. News: Fernsehen + Radio . Television + Radio . 13 January 2023 . Freiburger Nachrichten . 31 . 5 May 1984 . Fribourg, Switzerland . de . E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  71. News: Grand Prix d'Eurovision: Sonnenschein für Rainy Day? . Eurovision Grand Prix: Sunshine for Rainy Day? . 13 January 2023 . Freiburger Nachrichten . 31 . 5 May 1984 . Fribourg, Switzerland . de . E-newspaperarchives.ch.
  72. News: TV – samedi 5 mai . TV – Saturday 5 May . 13 January 2023 . Radio TV - Je vois tout . Héliographia SA . 3 May 1984 . 18 . Lausanne, Switzerland . 22–23 . fr . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171350/https://scriptorium.bcu-lausanne.ch/zoom/324233/view?page=12&p=verso&tool=info&view=0,0,5542,3923 . live .
  73. News: Programmi tv . TV programmes . 20 June 2024 . Gazzetta Ticinese . 5 May 1984 . Lugano, Switzerland . 15 . it . . live .
  74. News: Televizyon . Television . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113170638/https://egazete.cumhuriyet.com.tr/Archive/CUMHURIYET/GAZETE_ARSIVI/1984/5/5/A28DECAF-267F-4AC3-BF09-716CC3BC0E13_3241769_4.jpeg . 13 January 2023 . Istanbul, Turkey . 4 . tr . live.
  75. News: Eurovision Song Contest 1984 – BBC1 . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113172842/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e584ce0c123243709e8d45e86ebe583e . live .
  76. News: Телевизија – Субота, 5. мај . Television – Saturday, 5 May . 24 May 2024 . . 5–6 May 1984 . . 10 . Serbian . Pretraživa digitalna biblioteka . 24 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240324152716/https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:ppissue:UB_00064_19840505page:10 . live .
  77. News: Televizió . Television . 18 June 2024 . . 5 May 1984 . . 24 . hu . Hungarian: Vajdasági Magyar Digitális Adattár|i=unset.
  78. News: TV Zagreb – subota, 5. svibnja – prvi program . TV Zagreb - Sunday 5 May - first program . 29 May 2024 . Glas Podravine . 27 April 1984 . 9 . sh . . live.
  79. News: In televisione – Capodistria . On television – Capodistria . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . Turin, Italy . it . 17 . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113171339/http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,19/articleid,1015_01_1984_0106_0019_14460225/ . live .
  80. News: Televizijski spored – sobota 5. V. . Television schedule – Saturday 05/05 . 13 January 2023 . . 26 April 1984 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211103063309/https://www.dolenjskilist.si/media/arhiv-pdf/dl/1984/DL_1984_04_26_17-18_1811-1812.pdf . 3 November 2021 . 16 . sl . . live.
  81. News: Television . 13 January 2023 . . 6 May 1984 . Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia . 10 . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113160348/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/13741486 . live .
  82. News: ne 3. června . Sun 3 June . 21 June 2024 . Rozhlasový týdeník . 21 May 1984 . 23 . 15 . cs . .
  83. News: Sjónvarp – Laugardagur 5. maí . Television – Saturday 5 May . 13 January 2023 . . 5 May 1984 . Reykjavík, Iceland . is . 19 . . 13 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113160353/https://timarit.is/page/2489609#page/n37/mode/2up . live .
  84. News: TV & Radio Jordan Television – Foreign Channel . 11 June 2024 . . 5 May 1984 . . 2 . Internet Archive.
  85. News: Telecuraçao – Zaterdag . Telecuraçao – Saturday . 17 July 2024 . . 7 July 1984 . Willemstad, Curaçao . 2 . Delpher.
  86. News: Telewizja – sobota – 26 V . Television – Saturday – 26/05 . 14 January 2023 . . 25 May 1984 . 6 . Kraków, Poland . pl . Digital Library of Małopolska.

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