| Election Name: | 1984 Australian federal election |
| Country: | Australia |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | |
| Previous Year: | 1983 |
| Next Election: | |
| Next Year: | 1987 |
| Outgoing Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1983–1984 |
| Elected Members: | Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1984–1987 |
| Registered: | 9,869,217 |
| Turnout: | 9,295,421 (94.19%) (0.45 pp) |
| Seats For Election: | All 148 seats in the House of Representatives 75 seats were needed for a majority in the House 46 (of the 76) seats in the Senate |
| Vote Type: | First preference |
| Leader1: | Bob Hawke |
| Leader Since1: | |
| Party1: | Australian Labor Party |
| Leaders Seat1: | Wills (Vic.) |
| Last Election1: | 75 seats |
| Seats1: | 82 seats |
| Seat Change1: | 7 |
| Popular Vote1: | 4,120,130 |
| Percentage1: | 47.55% |
| Swing1: | 1.93% |
| Leader2: | Andrew Peacock |
| Leader Since2: | |
| Party2: | Liberal/National coalition |
| Leaders Seat2: | Kooyong (Vic.) |
| Last Election2: | 50 seats |
| Seats2: | 66 seats |
| Seat Change2: | 16 |
| Popular Vote2: | 3,900,042 |
| Percentage2: | 45.01% |
| Swing2: | 1.40% |
| 1Blank: | TPP |
| 1Data1: | 51.77% |
| 1Data2: | 48.23% |
| 2Blank: | TPP swing |
| 2Data1: | 1.46% |
| 2Data2: | 1.46% |
| Map Size: | 350px |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Bob Hawke |
| Before Party: | Australian Labor Party |
| Posttitle: | Subsequent Prime Minister |
| After Election: | Bob Hawke |
| After Party: | Australian Labor Party |
The 1984 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 1 December 1984. All 148 seats in the House of Representatives (24 of them newly created) and 46 of 76 seats in the Senate (12 of them newly created) were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke defeated the opposition Liberal–National coalition, led by Andrew Peacock.
The election was held in conjunction with two referendum questions, neither of which was carried.
The election had a long campaign and a high rate of informal voting for the House of Representatives, but decreased rate in the Senate (due to the introduction of the Group voting ticket). Although a House election was not due until 1986, Hawke opted to call an election 18 months early in part to bring the elections for the House and Senate back into line following the double dissolution election of 1983.
The legislated increase in the size of the House by 24 seats and the Senate by 12 seats came into effect at the 1984 election. Prior to 1984 the electoral commission did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the previous election were put through this process prior to their destruction – therefore the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.
| Seat | Pre-1984 | Swing | Post-1984 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Member | Margin | Margin | Member | Party | |||||||
| Farrer, NSW | Liberal | Wal Fife | 7.4 | N/A | 13.0 | Tim Fischer | National | |||||
| Flinders, Vic | Labor | Bob Chynoweth | 0.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | Peter Reith | Liberal | |||||
| Forde, Qld | Labor | notional – new seat | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.0 | David Watson | Liberal | |||||
| Gilmore, NSW | Labor | notional – new seat | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | John Sharp | National | |||||
| Hinkler, Qld | Labor | notional – new seat | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | Bryan Conquest | National | |||||
| Hume, NSW | National | Stephen Lusher | N/A | N/A | 7.7 | Wal Fife | Liberal | |||||
| Macquarie, NSW | Labor | Ross Free | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | Alasdair Webster | Liberal | |||||
| Northern Territory, NT | Labor | John Reeves | 1.9 | 3.3 | 1.4 | Paul Everingham | Country Liberal | |||||
| Petrie, Qld | Labor | Dean Wells | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.6 | John Hodges | Liberal | |||||
| Riverina-Darling, NSW | Labor | notional – new seat | 1.3 | 5.9 | 4.6 | Noel Hicks | National | |||||
The results of the election surprised most analysts; the expectation had been that Bob Hawke – who had been polling a record ACNielsen approval rating of 75 percent[1] on the eve of the election – would win by a significantly larger margin. Labor instead suffered a 2-point swing against it and had its majority cut from 25 to 16. Hawke blamed the result on the changes to Senate vote cards, which he believed confused people regarding their House of Representatives votes and contributed to the relatively high informal vote, the majority of which apparently was Labor votes.[2] However, analysis by the Australian Electoral Commission found that informal voting only slightly reduced Labor's primary vote and did not change the result in any division.[3]
Andrew Peacock did well from a good performance in the one leaders' debate, held on 26 November 1984,[4] which was the first televised leaders' debate in Australia.[5]