1980 United States presidential election in Texas explained

See main article: 1980 United States presidential election.

Election Name:1980 United States presidential election in Texas
Country:Texas
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1976 United States presidential election in Texas
Previous Year:1976
Next Election:1984 United States presidential election in Texas
Next Year:1984
Election Date:November 4, 1980
Turnout:68.40% (of registered voters)
45.55% (of voting age population)[1]
Image1:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981-cropped.jpg
Nominee1:Ronald Reagan
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:California
Running Mate1:George H. W. Bush
Electoral Vote1:26
Popular Vote1:2,510,705
Percentage1:55.28%
Nominee2:Jimmy Carter
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:Georgia
Running Mate2:Walter Mondale
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:1,881,147
Percentage2:41.42%
Map Size:350px
President
Before Election:Jimmy Carter
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Ronald Reagan
After Party:Republican Party (United States)

The 1980 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states, and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 26 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States.

Texas was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and Carter ran with Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota. Despite Texas' 1976 support of Carter, the state supported Reagan by a wide margin in the midst of a national landslide.[2]

Despite his defeat,[3] as of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time that the following counties have voted for a Democratic presidential candidate: Cherokee, Coke, Erath, Kaufman, Leon, Somervell, Van Zandt and Wise.[4] This was also the last time Texas voted more Democratic than California.

59% of white voters supported Reagan while 37% supported Carter.

Results

Results by county

CountyRonald Reagan
Republican
Jimmy Carter
Democratic
John B. Anderson
Independent
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal votes cast
%%%%%
Anderson5,97052.69%5,16345.57%1371.21%600.53%8077.12%11,330
Andrews2,80069.77%1,15528.78%390.97%190.47%1,64540.99%4,013
Angelina9,90048.54%10,14049.72%2321.14%1220.60%-240-1.18%20,394
Aransas3,08160.79%1,80035.52%1342.64%531.05%1,28125.27%5,068
Archer1,80454.85%1,44443.90%300.91%110.33%36010.95%3,289
Armstrong70966.57%33331.27%90.85%141.31%37635.30%1,065
Atascosa4,36451.53%3,98046.99%931.10%320.38%3844.54%8,469
Austin3,73464.91%1,89332.90%871.51%390.68%1,84132.01%5,753
Bailey1,80968.14%80030.13%260.98%200.75%1,00938.01%2,655
Bandera2,37370.63%89426.61%641.90%290.86%1,47944.02%3,360
Bastrop3,76843.07%4,71653.91%2052.34%590.67%-948-10.84%8,748
Baylor1,09847.61%1,18351.30%140.61%110.48%-85-3.69%2,306
Bee4,17152.59%3,60645.47%1251.58%290.37%5657.12%7,931
Bell20,72954.72%15,82341.77%9342.47%3991.05%4,90612.95%37,885
Bexar159,57851.73%137,72944.65%9,4673.07%1,7000.55%21,8497.08%308,474
Blanco1,43462.32%79434.51%522.26%210.91%64027.81%2,301
Borden27967.23%13131.57%30.72%20.48%14835.66%415
Bosque2,90853.49%2,43144.71%621.14%360.66%4778.78%5,437
Bowie13,94254.35%11,33944.21%2440.95%1250.49%2,60310.14%25,650
Brazoria27,61458.08%18,25338.39%1,2052.53%4720.99%9,36119.69%47,544
Brazos17,79860.25%9,85633.37%1,4534.92%4321.46%7,94226.88%29,539
Brewster1,49651.73%1,27143.95%893.08%361.24%2257.78%2,892
Briscoe56248.87%56148.78%131.13%141.22%10.09%1,150
Brooks78023.40%2,48874.65%431.29%220.66%-1,708-51.25%3,333
Brown6,51556.41%4,86742.14%1020.88%650.56%1,64814.27%11,549
Burleson1,94342.16%2,61556.74%330.72%180.39%-672-14.58%4,609
Burnet4,03350.84%3,71146.78%1321.66%570.72%3224.06%7,933
Caldwell2,87946.56%3,15551.02%1121.81%380.61%-276-4.46%6,184
Calhoun3,31250.57%3,03446.33%1362.08%671.02%2784.24%6,549
Callahan2,28452.74%2,00246.22%290.67%160.37%2826.52%4,331
Cameron22,04147.62%23,20050.12%8011.73%2430.53%-1,159-2.50%46,285
Camp1,53142.32%2,05256.72%190.53%160.44%-521-14.40%3,618
Carson1,88864.17%1,00634.19%260.88%220.75%88229.98%2,942
Cass4,99346.79%5,57852.27%600.56%410.38%-585-5.48%10,672
Castro1,95560.75%1,19937.26%441.37%200.62%75623.49%3,218
Chambers3,14054.08%2,51743.35%961.65%530.91%62310.73%5,806
Cherokee5,62949.01%5,72649.85%920.80%390.34%-97-0.84%11,486
Childress1,44353.19%1,22245.04%331.22%150.55%2218.15%2,713
Clay1,82444.39%2,23354.34%400.97%120.29%-409-9.95%4,109
Cochran1,06466.21%51331.92%231.43%70.44%55134.29%1,607
Coke70845.44%83853.79%100.64%20.13%-130-8.35%1,558
Coleman2,22855.78%1,71943.04%330.83%140.35%50912.74%3,994
Collin36,55967.88%15,18728.20%1,5592.89%5561.03%21,37239.68%53,861
Collingsworth1,02055.11%79843.11%180.97%150.81%22212.00%1,851
Colorado3,52058.75%2,37739.68%580.97%360.60%1,14319.07%5,991
Comal9,75871.15%3,55425.92%3242.36%780.57%6,20445.23%13,714
Comanche1,97743.09%2,55055.58%400.87%210.46%-573-12.49%4,588
Concho70049.40%70249.54%80.56%70.49%-2-0.14%1,417
Cooke6,76062.58%3,84235.57%1291.19%710.66%2,91827.01%10,802
Coryell5,49455.38%4,09741.30%2282.30%1011.02%1,39714.08%9,920
Cottle51140.36%73257.82%90.71%141.11%-221-17.46%1,266
Crane1,31067.15%60731.11%231.18%110.56%70336.04%1,951
Crockett88559.24%59539.83%100.67%40.27%29019.41%1,494
Crosby1,36148.50%1,40850.18%170.61%200.71%-47-1.68%2,806
Culberson54155.43%42343.34%70.72%50.51%11812.09%976
Dallam96558.88%63238.56%332.01%90.55%33320.32%1,639
Dallas306,68259.18%190,45936.75%14,2712.75%6,8011.31%116,22322.43%518,213
Dawson3,26762.77%1,86735.87%551.06%160.31%1,40026.90%5,205
Deaf Smith4,07369.46%1,66628.41%771.31%480.82%2,40741.05%5,864
Delta76735.81%1,34762.89%180.84%100.47%-580-27.08%2,142
Denton29,90859.93%17,38134.83%1,9533.91%6661.33%12,52725.10%49,908
DeWitt3,45061.83%2,04436.63%661.18%200.36%1,40625.20%5,580
Dickens55437.41%91261.58%130.88%20.14%-358-24.17%1,481
Dimmit1,17335.30%2,10263.26%250.75%230.69%-929-27.96%3,323
Donley1,10658.58%75139.78%221.17%90.48%35518.80%1,888
Duval1,01221.27%3,70677.91%280.59%110.23%-2,694-56.64%4,757
Eastland3,44250.05%3,34648.65%370.54%520.76%961.40%6,877
Ector26,18872.38%9,06925.07%6361.76%2860.79%17,11947.31%36,179
Edwards57569.78%23728.76%111.33%10.12%33841.02%824
Ellis10,04651.31%9,21947.08%2141.09%1010.52%8274.23%19,580
El Paso53,27653.53%40,08240.27%5,0965.12%1,0721.08%13,19413.26%99,526
Erath3,98147.93%4,15650.04%921.11%770.93%-175-2.11%8,306
Falls2,60643.38%3,32855.40%510.85%220.37%-722-12.02%6,007
Fannin3,19637.12%5,28461.36%740.86%570.66%-2,088-24.24%8,611
Fayette4,10460.32%2,59038.07%771.13%330.49%1,51422.25%6,804
Fisher83834.39%1,56464.18%230.94%120.49%-726-29.79%2,437
Floyd2,04357.45%1,47741.54%240.67%120.34%56615.91%3,556
Foard34935.69%61763.09%70.72%50.51%-268-27.40%978
Fort Bend25,36666.25%11,58330.25%1,0052.62%3320.87%13,78336.00%38,286
Franklin1,10541.97%1,48756.48%140.53%271.03%-382-14.51%2,633
Freestone2,46846.88%2,73952.02%330.63%250.47%-271-5.14%5,265
Frio1,75337.55%2,84961.03%471.01%190.41%-1,096-23.48%4,668
Gaines2,39065.37%1,18232.33%461.26%381.04%1,20833.04%3,656
Galveston29,52746.65%30,77848.62%1,9553.09%1,0371.64%-1,251-1.97%63,297
Garza1,18862.63%67735.69%221.16%100.53%51126.94%1,897
Gillespie4,73678.70%1,17019.44%901.50%220.37%3,56659.26%6,018
Glasscock41677.76%11621.68%20.37%10.19%30056.08%535
Goliad1,17051.16%1,08147.27%220.96%140.61%893.89%2,287
Gonzales2,93149.49%2,89648.90%611.03%340.57%350.59%5,922
Gray7,18770.81%2,78627.45%1031.01%730.72%4,40143.36%10,149
Grayson16,81153.66%13,80744.08%5321.70%1760.56%3,0049.58%31,326
Gregg23,39968.44%10,21929.89%3110.91%2610.76%13,18038.55%34,190
Grimes2,08745.35%2,44053.02%420.91%330.72%-353-7.67%4,602
Guadalupe9,90164.18%5,04932.73%4072.64%710.46%4,85231.45%15,428
Hale7,27765.86%3,61032.67%1231.11%400.36%3,66733.19%11,050
Hall1,14151.40%1,05747.61%130.59%90.41%843.79%2,220
Hamilton1,68351.52%1,52646.71%300.92%280.86%1574.81%3,267
Hansford2,04678.81%51819.95%170.65%150.58%1,52858.86%2,596
Hardeman1,05646.46%1,17451.65%281.23%150.66%-118-5.19%2,273
Hardin6,08744.33%7,35853.58%2001.46%870.63%-1,271-9.25%13,732
Harris416,65557.87%274,06138.06%22,9173.18%6,3810.89%142,59419.81%720,014
Harrison9,32853.32%7,74644.28%1250.71%2941.68%1,5829.04%17,493
Hartley1,24871.03%47026.75%281.59%110.63%77844.28%1,757
Haskell1,44742.11%1,95156.78%220.64%160.47%-504-14.67%3,436
Hays6,51749.04%6,01345.25%5904.44%1691.27%5043.79%13,289
Hemphill1,15264.72%59233.26%211.18%150.84%56031.46%1,780
Henderson7,90348.47%8,19950.29%1340.82%690.42%-296-1.82%16,305
Hidalgo25,80841.82%34,54255.97%1,0631.72%3040.49%-8,734-14.15%61,717
Hill4,11346.03%4,68852.46%730.82%620.69%-575-6.43%8,936
Hockley4,59964.03%2,44734.07%901.25%470.65%2,15229.96%7,183
Hood3,75554.11%3,00143.24%1091.57%751.08%75410.87%6,940
Hopkins3,83446.09%4,34452.22%931.12%470.57%-510-6.13%8,318
Houston2,88940.44%4,18158.52%470.66%270.38%-1,292-18.08%7,144
Howard6,65858.86%4,45139.35%1581.40%450.40%2,20719.51%11,312
Hudspeth47153.28%39444.57%141.58%50.57%778.71%884
Hunt9,28350.18%8,77347.42%3271.77%1180.64%5102.76%18,501
Hutchinson7,43969.97%2,93527.61%1701.60%880.83%4,50442.36%10,632
Irion42763.73%23935.67%20.30%20.30%18828.06%670
Jack1,48251.51%1,34946.89%291.01%170.59%1334.62%2,877
Jackson2,54056.91%1,82640.91%661.48%310.69%71416.00%4,463
Jasper4,39642.86%5,70755.64%980.96%560.55%-1,311-12.78%10,257
Jeff Davis40956.10%30041.15%101.37%101.37%10914.95%729
Jefferson36,76343.45%45,64253.95%1,6641.97%5330.63%-8,879-10.50%84,602
Jim Hogg53526.79%1,43771.96%231.15%20.10%-902-45.17%1,997
Jim Wells4,60638.34%7,26760.49%1020.85%380.32%-2,661-22.15%12,013
Johnson11,41150.82%10,54246.95%3331.48%1680.75%8693.87%22,454
Jones2,76547.07%3,04351.80%450.77%210.36%-278-4.73%5,874
Karnes2,71953.59%2,28445.01%521.02%190.37%4358.58%5,074
Kaufman5,85247.63%6,26651.00%1100.90%590.48%-414-3.37%12,287
Kendall3,89076.48%1,07521.14%881.73%330.65%2,81555.34%5,086
Kenedy7640.64%10656.68%21.07%31.60%-30-16.04%187
Kent33948.85%35150.58%00.00%40.58%-12-1.73%694
Kerr9,09070.71%3,38726.35%2592.01%1190.93%5,70344.36%12,855
Kimble1,01161.24%60836.83%221.33%100.61%40324.41%1,651
King14470.24%5526.83%52.44%10.49%8943.41%205
Kinney54351.91%47245.12%232.20%80.76%716.79%1,046
Kleberg4,60845.84%5,12550.98%2312.30%890.89%-517-5.14%10,053
Knox78339.79%1,16359.10%170.86%50.25%-380-19.31%1,968
Lamar6,09445.17%7,17853.21%1481.10%700.52%-1,084-8.04%13,490
Lamb3,72362.75%2,13235.93%510.86%270.46%1,59126.82%5,933
Lampasas2,32353.02%1,97945.17%561.28%230.52%3447.85%4,381
La Salle77334.39%1,44264.15%190.85%140.62%-669-29.76%2,248
Lavaca3,25454.24%2,67844.64%540.90%130.22%5769.60%5,999
Lee1,80352.08%1,58145.67%591.70%190.55%2226.41%3,462
Leon1,82144.93%2,19054.03%190.47%230.57%-369-9.10%4,053
Liberty6,47047.71%6,81050.22%1631.20%1180.87%-340-2.51%13,561
Limestone2,83544.86%3,40353.85%450.71%360.57%-568-8.99%6,319
Lipscomb1,34377.50%33819.50%281.62%241.38%1,00558.00%1,733
Live Oak2,19360.61%1,38038.14%320.88%130.36%81322.47%3,618
Llano2,86656.23%2,13041.79%721.41%290.57%73614.44%5,097
Loving5069.44%2230.56%00.00%00.00%2838.88%72
Lubbock46,71168.83%18,73227.60%1,9522.88%4720.70%27,97941.23%67,867
Lynn1,60355.78%1,23643.01%280.97%70.24%36712.77%2,874
McCulloch1,57246.70%1,75051.99%240.71%200.59%-178-5.29%3,366
McLennan31,96853.71%26,30544.20%9641.62%2780.47%5,6639.51%59,515
McMullen27168.09%12230.65%41.01%10.25%14937.44%398
Madison1,38946.02%1,58352.45%321.06%140.46%-194-6.43%3,018
Marion1,66644.66%2,01554.02%280.75%210.56%-349-9.36%3,730
Martin1,09363.69%60535.26%150.87%30.17%48828.43%1,716
Mason96659.59%63038.86%171.05%80.49%33620.73%1,621
Matagorda5,54553.41%4,58544.16%1461.41%1061.02%9609.25%10,382
Maverick1,37031.37%2,93267.14%390.89%260.60%-1,562-35.77%4,367
Medina4,74260.12%3,03438.46%841.06%280.35%1,70821.66%7,888
Menard54852.19%48946.57%111.05%20.19%595.62%1,050
Midland25,02776.55%6,83920.92%5861.79%2400.73%18,18855.63%32,692
Milam3,25142.62%4,23055.46%1111.46%350.46%-979-12.84%7,627
Mills98547.84%1,02849.93%241.17%221.07%-43-2.09%2,059
Mitchell1,45549.73%1,44649.42%120.41%130.44%90.31%2,926
Montague3,14348.56%3,23349.95%590.91%370.57%-90-1.39%6,472
Montgomery26,23765.64%12,59331.51%8192.05%3220.81%13,64434.13%39,971
Moore3,73666.92%1,74331.22%671.20%370.66%1,99335.70%5,583
Morris2,13340.40%3,10558.81%270.51%150.28%-972-18.41%5,280
Motley57361.68%34136.71%70.75%80.86%23224.97%929
Nacogdoches8,62656.94%5,98139.48%4222.79%1210.80%2,64517.46%15,150
Navarro5,40042.89%6,98855.50%1261.00%770.61%-1,588-12.61%12,591
Newton1,37929.25%3,28469.66%240.51%270.57%-1,905-40.41%4,714
Nolan2,78148.83%2,79649.10%871.53%310.54%-15-0.27%5,695
Nueces40,58646.84%43,42450.12%2,0452.36%5890.68%-2,838-3.28%86,644
Ochiltree3,03281.90%59416.05%521.40%240.65%2,43865.85%3,702
Oldham55763.73%29033.18%91.03%182.06%26730.55%874
Orange12,38944.43%14,92853.53%3951.42%1750.63%-2,539-9.10%27,887
Palo Pinto4,06847.95%4,24450.02%981.16%740.87%-176-2.07%8,484
Panola4,02251.92%3,63746.95%580.75%300.39%3854.97%7,747
Parker8,50552.65%7,33645.41%1891.17%1250.77%1,1697.24%16,155
Parmer2,64077.69%70720.81%300.88%210.62%1,93356.88%3,398
Pecos2,72361.96%1,60236.45%370.84%330.75%1,12125.51%4,395
Polk3,77146.51%4,21351.96%800.99%440.54%-442-5.45%8,108
Potter16,32760.85%9,63335.90%5452.03%3261.22%6,69424.95%26,831
Presidio72340.19%1,03957.75%221.22%150.83%-316-17.56%1,799
Rains81340.21%1,17458.06%180.89%170.84%-361-17.85%2,022
Randall23,13673.72%7,32323.34%6772.16%2460.78%15,81350.38%31,382
Reagan91767.88%41430.64%141.04%60.44%50337.24%1,351
Real83257.26%60341.50%140.96%40.28%22915.76%1,453
Red River2,22538.54%3,50160.64%310.54%160.28%-1,276-22.10%5,773
Reeves2,31550.95%2,13847.05%521.14%390.86%1773.90%4,544
Refugio1,94445.73%2,22452.32%571.34%260.61%-280-6.59%4,251
Roberts48275.08%15023.36%40.62%60.93%33251.72%642
Robertson1,66131.28%3,57267.27%330.62%440.83%-1,911-35.99%5,310
Rockwall4,03665.27%1,98532.10%1131.83%500.81%2,05133.17%6,184
Runnels2,53259.82%1,64838.93%360.85%170.40%88420.89%4,233
Rusk8,70560.17%5,58238.58%1160.80%640.44%3,12321.59%14,467
Sabine1,38740.82%1,98358.36%150.44%130.38%-596-17.54%3,398
San Augustine1,39745.20%1,67454.16%140.45%60.19%-277-8.96%3,091
San Jacinto1,72641.16%2,37656.67%421.00%491.17%-650-15.51%4,193
San Patricio8,32647.59%8,62749.31%2801.60%2611.49%-301-1.72%17,494
San Saba94839.75%1,40558.91%230.96%90.38%-457-19.16%2,385
Schleicher67259.42%44439.26%60.53%90.80%22820.16%1,131
Scurry3,74564.06%2,00334.26%530.91%450.77%1,74229.80%5,846
Shackelford95960.66%60638.33%90.57%70.44%35322.33%1,581
Shelby3,50044.85%4,21554.01%710.91%180.23%-715-9.16%7,804
Sherman1,12877.47%28619.64%281.92%140.96%84257.83%1,456
Smith28,23664.61%14,83833.95%4140.95%2120.49%13,39830.66%43,700
Somervell79242.76%1,01554.81%211.13%241.30%-223-12.05%1,852
Starr1,38922.21%4,78276.48%500.80%320.51%-3,393-54.27%6,253
Stephens2,16159.89%1,37238.03%340.94%411.14%78921.86%3,608
Sterling36462.12%21837.20%20.34%20.34%14624.92%586
Stonewall48840.03%71958.98%60.49%60.49%-231-18.95%1,219
Sutton1,00066.18%48532.10%130.86%130.86%51534.08%1,511
Swisher1,45043.08%1,85455.08%501.49%120.36%-404-12.00%3,366
Tarrant173,46656.86%121,06839.69%7,8182.56%2,7140.89%52,39817.17%305,066
Taylor22,96162.00%13,24535.77%6201.67%2060.56%9,71626.23%37,032
Terrell41159.91%26037.90%142.04%10.15%15122.01%686
Terry3,17861.17%1,94537.44%450.87%270.52%1,23323.73%5,195
Throckmorton44448.90%45550.11%70.77%20.22%-11-1.21%908
Titus3,74748.66%3,87250.29%440.57%370.48%-125-1.63%7,700
Tom Green16,55560.71%9,89236.27%6612.42%1630.60%6,66324.44%27,271
Travis73,15145.69%75,02846.87%9,7966.12%2,1181.32%-1,877-1.18%160,093
Trinity1,50336.95%2,51061.70%320.79%230.57%-1,007-24.75%4,068
Tyler2,54541.08%3,54057.14%701.13%400.65%-995-16.06%6,195
Upshur4,83649.09%4,89449.68%780.79%440.45%-58-0.59%9,852
Upton1,16969.42%48528.80%130.77%171.01%68440.62%1,684
Uvalde3,88761.06%2,40237.73%620.97%150.24%1,48523.33%6,366
Val Verde5,05554.05%4,11644.01%1451.55%370.40%93910.04%9,353
Van Zandt5,49548.46%5,70750.33%780.69%600.53%-212-1.87%11,340
Victoria13,39262.96%7,38234.71%3471.63%1480.70%6,01028.25%21,269
Walker5,65751.87%4,86944.65%2742.51%1060.97%7887.22%10,906
Waller3,01946.71%3,32951.51%761.18%390.60%-310-4.80%6,463
Ward2,91266.24%1,40531.96%501.14%290.66%1,50734.28%4,396
Washington4,82164.32%2,51833.60%951.27%610.81%2,30330.72%7,495
Webb5,42130.81%11,85667.39%2421.38%740.42%-6,435-36.58%17,593
Wharton6,59855.18%5,13842.97%1601.34%620.52%1,46012.21%11,958
Wheeler1,62659.28%1,09039.74%160.58%110.40%53619.54%2,743
Wichita22,88454.98%17,65742.42%8472.03%2370.57%5,22712.56%41,625
Wilbarger3,03155.48%2,34742.96%530.97%320.59%68412.52%5,463
Willacy1,99539.06%3,04759.65%380.74%280.55%-1,052-20.59%5,108
Williamson15,03556.39%10,40839.04%9463.55%2721.02%4,62717.35%26,661
Wilson3,44351.91%3,09746.70%731.10%190.29%3465.21%6,632
Winkler2,16066.83%1,02131.59%351.08%160.50%1,13935.24%3,232
Wise4,35047.26%4,67450.78%1081.17%730.79%-324-3.52%9,205
Wood4,51552.07%4,03346.51%740.85%490.57%4825.56%8,671
Yoakum1,93771.90%71526.54%281.04%140.52%1,22245.36%2,694
Young4,15359.14%2,74039.02%841.20%450.64%1,41320.12%7,022
Zapata87441.01%1,21857.16%190.89%200.94%-344-16.15%2,131
Zavala83123.49%2,62174.08%691.95%170.48%-1,790-50.59%3,538
Totals2,510,70555.28%1,881,14741.42%111,6132.46%38,1720.84%629,55813.86%4,541,637

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

See also

Works cited

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Turnout and Voter Registration Figures (1970-current).
  2. Web site: 1980 Presidential General Election Results - Texas. Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas. June 16, 2017.
  3. Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; 1980 Presidential General Election Data: National by State – Sorted by Vote Percentage for Carter
  4. Sullivan, Robert David; 'How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century'; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016