1980 Republican Party presidential primaries explained

Election Name:1980 Republican Party presidential primaries
Country:United States
Type:primary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1976 Republican Party presidential primaries
Previous Year:1976
Next Election:1984 Republican Party presidential primaries
Next Year:1984
Election Date:January 21 to June 3, 1980
Votes For Election:1,990 delegates to the 1980 Republican National Convention
Needed Votes:996 (majority)
Image1:File: Ronald Reagan portrait.jpg
Candidate1:Ronald Reagan
Color1:E35e5e
Home State1:California
Delegate Count1:1,407
States Carried1:42
Popular Vote1:7,709,793
Percentage1:59.79%
Candidate2:George H. W. Bush
Home State2:Texas
Colour2:4997D0
Delegate Count2:250
States Carried2:7 + DC + Puerto Rico
Popular Vote2:3,070,033
Percentage2:23.81%
Image3:John B. Anderson in New Jersey (cropped).jpg
Candidate3:John B. Anderson
Colour3:ffd42a
Home State3:Illinois
Delegate Count3:59
States Carried3:0
Popular Vote3:1,572,174
Percentage3:12.19%
Republican nominee
Before Election:Gerald Ford
After Election:Ronald Reagan

From January 21 to June 3, 1980, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1980 United States presidential election. Retired Hollywood actor and two-term California governor Ronald Reagan was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the Republican National Convention held from July 14 to 17, 1980, in Detroit, Michigan.

Background

As the 1980 presidential election approached, incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter appeared vulnerable. High gas prices, economic stagflation, a renewed Cold War with the Soviet Union following the invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iran hostage crisis that developed when Iranian students seized the American embassy in Tehran all contributed to a general dissatisfaction with Carter's presidency; his job approval rating sank to below 20 percent in late-1979 as a result. Consequently, the president faced stiff Democratic primary challenges from Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy and California Governor Jerry Brown. A large field of Republican challengers also emerged.

Candidates

Nominee

CandidateMost recent officeHome statedata-sort-type="date" CampaignWithdrawal datePopular vote Contests won Running mate
Ronald ReaganGovernor of California
(1967–1975)

California
data-sort-value="0"
(CampaignPositions)
Secured nomination:
May 24, 1980
data-sort-value="7,709,793" 7,709,793
(59.79%)
data-sort-value="44" 44George Bush

Withdrew during primaries

CandidateMost recent officeHome statedata-sort-type="date" CampaignWithdrawal datePopular voteContests won
George H. W. BushDirector of Central Intelligence Agency
(1976–1977)

Texas
data-sort-value="05-03-2016"
Campaign
Withdrew: May 26

(endorsed Ronald Reagan, nominated for vice president)
data-sort-value="7,822,100" 3,070,033(23.81%)data-sort-value="11" 8
John AndersonU.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1961–1981)

Illinois
data-sort-value="05-04-2016"
Withdrew: April 24

(ran as independent)
data-sort-value="4,290,448" 1,572,174 (12.19%)data-sort-value="1" None
Howard BakerU.S. Senator
from Tennessee

(1967–1985)

Tennessee
data-sort-value="03-15-2016"
Withdrew: March 5
(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
data-sort-value="3,515,576" 181,153(1.41%)data-sort-value="3" None
Phil CraneU.S. Representative
from Illinois
(1969–2005)

Illinois
data-sort-value="03-04-2016"
Withdrew: April 17
[1]
(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
data-sort-value="857,039" 97,793 (0.76%)data-sort-value="None" None
John ConnallySecretary of the Treasury
(1971–1972)

Texas
data-sort-value="02-20-2016"

(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
data-sort-value="286,694 " 82,625 (0.64%)data-sort-value="None" Won 1 delegate from Arkansas (Ada Mills)
Ben FernandezU.S. Special Envoy to Paraguay (1973)

California

Withdrew: March 30

(endorsed Ronald Reagan)
data-sort-value="96,788" 25,520 (0.20%)data-sort-value="None" None
Harold StassenDirector of the United States Foreign Operations Administration
(1953–1955)

Pennsylvania
data-sort-value="02-10-2016" data-sort-value="57,637" 25,425 (0.20%)data-sort-value="None" None
Bob DoleU.S. Senator
from Kansas
(1969–1996)

Kansas
data-sort-value="02-03-2016"
Withdrew: March 15
data-sort-value="66,788" 7,204 (0.06%)data-sort-value="None" None

Withdrew before primaries

Withdrawn major candidates for the 1980 Republican Party presidential primaries!Name!Born!Experience!Home state!Campaign
announced!Campaign
suspended!Campaign!Ref.
data-sort-value="Pressler, Larry"
Larry Pressler

(age)
Humboldt, South Dakota
U.S. Senator from South Dakota
U.S. Representative from South Dakota
data-sort-value="Weicker, Lowell"
Lowell Weicker

(age)
Paris, France
United States Senator from Connecticut

Declined to run

The following potential candidates declined to run for the Republican nomination in 1980.[2] [3]

Polling

National polling

Poll sourcePublication date
Gallup[5] Aug. 19778%20%33%3%
GallupApr. 197811%4%4%40%30%4%
GallupJuly 19789%1%5%4%37%31%5%
GallupDec. 19781%9%1%6%1%24%40%11%
GallupApr. 19792%8%1%12%1%26%31%11%
GallupMay 197910%8%3%27%28%
GallupJune 19790%11%0%5%0%29%37%5%
GallupJuly 19793%11%1%9%2%27%32%15%
GallupAug. 19791%10%3%8%1%21%29%16%
GallupNov. 19791%14%2%10%3%22%33%15%
GallupNov. 19790%11%5%8%3%24%40%
GallupDec. 19791%9%7%10%4%18%40%10%
GallupJan. 19803%9%9%9%0%27%33%
GallupJan. 19800%6%28%7%0%18%29%
GallupFeb. 19802%6%17%4%1%32%34%3%
GallupFeb. 19803%7%16%25%44%

Primary race

Ronald Reagan, who had narrowly lost the 1976 Republican nomination to President Gerald Ford, was the early odds-on favorite to win the nomination in 1980. He was so far ahead in the polls that campaign director John Sears decided on an "above the fray" strategy. He did not attend many of the multi-candidate forums and straw polls in the summer and fall of 1979.

George H. W. Bush, the former director of the Central Intelligence Agency and chairman of the Republican National Committee, did go to all the so-called "cattle calls", and began to come in first at a number of these events. Along with the top two, a number of other Republican politicians entered the race.

In January 1980, the Iowa Republicans decided to have a straw poll as a part of their caucuses for that year. Bush defeated Reagan by a small margin. Bush declared he had "the Big Mo", and with Reagan boycotting the Puerto Rico primary in deference to New Hampshire, Bush won the territory easily, giving him an early lead going into New Hampshire.

With the other candidates in single digits, the Nashua Telegraph offered to host a debate between Reagan and Bush. Worried that a newspaper-sponsored debate might violate electoral regulations, Reagan subsequently arranged to fund the event with his own campaign money, inviting the other candidates to participate at short notice. The Bush camp did not learn of Reagan's decision to include the other candidates until the debate was due to commence. Bush refused to participate, which led to an impasse on the stage. As Reagan attempted to explain his decision, Jon Breen, the editor of the Nashua Telegraph and debate moderator, ordered a technician to mute Reagan's microphone. When the technician refused, Breen repeated his order. A visibly angry Reagan responded, "I am paying for this microphone, Mr. .[6] [7] [8] Eventually the other candidates agreed to leave, and the debate proceeded between Reagan and Bush. Reagan's quote was often repeated as "I paid for this microphone!" and dominated news coverage of the event; Reagan sailed to an easy win in New Hampshire.[9]

Lee Bandy, a writer for the South Carolina newspaper The State stated that heading into the South Carolina primary, political operative Lee Atwater worked to engineer a victory for Reagan: "Lee Atwater figured that Connally was their biggest threat here in South Carolina. So Lee leaked a story to me that John Connally was trying to buy the black vote. Well, that story got out, thanks to me, and it probably killed Connally. He spent $10 million for one delegate. Lee saved Ronald Reagan's candidacy."[10]

Reagan swept the South, and although he lost five more primaries to Bush—including the Massachusetts primary in which he came in third place behind John B. Anderson—the former governor had a lock on the nomination very early in the season. Reagan said he would always be grateful to the people of Iowa for giving him "the kick in the pants" he needed.

Reagan was an adherent to a policy known as supply-side economics, which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created using incentives for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as adjusting income tax and capital gains tax rates. Accordingly, Reagan promised an economic revival that would benefit all sectors of the population. He said that cutting tax rates would actually increase tax revenues because the lower rates would cause people to work harder as they would be able to keep more of their money. Reagan also called for a drastic cut in "big government" and pledged to deliver a balanced budget for the first time since 1969. In the primaries Bush called Reagan's economic policy "voodoo economics" because it promised to lower taxes and increase revenues at the same time.

Results

Tablemaker's Note:

Date
ContestTotal
pledged delegates
Delegates won and popular vote
Ronald ReaganGeorge BushJohn B. AndersonHoward BakerPhil
Crane
John ConnallyBob DoleOthersUncommitted
January 21Iowa
Caucus
[11]
106,608
0 (of 38)31,348
(29.40%)
33,530
(31.45%)
4,585
(4.30%)
16,773
(15.73%)
7,135
(6.69%)
9,861
(9.25%)
1,576
(1.48%)
1,800
(1.69%)
February 2Arkansas
District Conventions[12]
12 (of 19)6 Del.1 Del.4 Del.1 Del.
February 16Arkansas
State Convention[13]
7 (of 19)1 Del.1 Del.1 Del.4 Del.
February 17Puerto Rico
Primary[14]
187,946
14 (of 20)14 Del.
112,901
(60.07%)
70,025
(37.26%)
2,039
(1.08%)
457
(0.24%)
2,524
(1.34%)
February 26New Hampshire
Primary
[15]
146,782
23 (of 23)15 Del.
72,734
(49.55%)
5 Del.
33,304
(22.69%)
14,622
(9.96%)
2 Del.
18,760
(12.78%)
2,633
(1.79%)
2,215
(1.51%)
608
(0.41%)
1,906
(1.30%)
March 1Iowa
County Conventions[16]
2,902
0 (of 38)925
(31.87%)
1,150
(39.63%)
64
(2.21%)
322
(11.10%)
91
(3.14%)
127
(4.38%)
2
(0.07%)
221
(7.62%)
March 4Massachusetts
Primary[17]
400,826
42 (of 42)13 Del.
115,334
(28.77%)
14 Del.
124,365
(31.03%)
13 Del.
122,987
(30.68%)
2 Del.
19,366
(4.82%)
4,669
(1.16%)
4,714
(1.18%)
577
(0.14%)
6,571
(1.64%)
2,243
(0.56%)
Vermont
Primary[18]
65,611
0 (of 19)19,720
(30.06%)
14,226
(21.68%)
19,030
(29.00%)
8,055
(12.28%)
1,238
(1.89%)
884
(1.35%)
2,458
(3.75%)
March 8South Carolina
Primary[19]
145,501
25 (of 25)25 Del.
79,549
(54.67%)
21,569
(14.82%)
773
(0.53%)
43,113
(29.63%)
117
(0.08%)
380
(0.26%)
March 11
(126)
Alabama
Primary[20]
211,353
27 (of 27)18 Del.
147,352
(69.72%)
9 Del.
54,730
(25.90%)
1,963
(0.93%)
5,099
(2.41%)
1,077
(0.51%)
447
(0.21%)
685
(0.32%)
Florida
Primary[21]
614,995
51 (of 51)51 Del.
345,699
(56.21%)
185,996
(30.24%)
56,636
(9.21%)
6,345
(1.03%)
12,000
(1.95%)
4,958
(0.81%)
1,086
(0.18%)
2,275
(0.37%)
Georgia
Primary[22]
200,171
36 (of 36)36 Del.
146,500
(73.18%)
25,293
(12.64%)
16,853
(8.42%)
1,571
(0.78%)
6,308
(3.15%)
2,388
(1.19%)
249
(0.12%)
1,009
(0.50%)
March 18Illinois
Pres. Primary[23]
1,130,081
0 (of 92)547,355
(48.44%)
124,057
(10.98%)
415,193
(36.74%)
7,051
(0.62%)
24,865
(2.20%)
4,548
(0.40%)
1,843
(0.16%)
5,169
(0.46%)
Illinois
Del. Primary[24]
92 (of 92)46 Del.2 Del.26 Del.4 Del.
March 25Connecticut
Primary[25]
182,284
35 (of 35)14 Del.
61,735
(33.87%)
15 Del.
70,367
(38.60%)
6 Del.
40,354
(22.14%)
2,446
(1.34%)
1,887
(1.04%)
598
(0.33%)
333
(0.18%)
308
(0.17%)
4,256
(2.33%)
New York
Del. Primary[26] [27]
117 (of 123)72 Del.6 Del.1 Del.38 Del.
April 1Kansas
Primary[28]
285,398
35 (of 35)20 Del.
179,739
(62.98%)
4 Del.
35,838
(12.56%)
5 Del.
51,924
(18.19%)
3,603
(1.26%)
1,367
(0.48%)
2,067
(0.72%)
4,134
(1.45%)
6,726
(2.36%)
Wisconsin
Primary[29]
907,853
34 (of 34)28 Del.
364,898
(40.19%)
276,164
(30.42%)
6 Del.
248,623
(27.39%)
3,298
(0.36%)
2,951
(0.33%)
2,312
(0.26%)
7,012
(0.77%)
4,951
(0.29%)
April 5Louisiana
Primary[30]
42,397
29 (of 29)29 Del.
31,256
(73.72%)
8,066
(19.02%)
820
(1.93%)
2,255
(5.32%)
April 17North Dakota
State Convention[31]
28 (of 28)12 Del.1 Del.4 Del.
April 19Maine
State Convention[32]
21 (of 21)17 Del.4 Del.
Minnesota
District Conventions[33]
6 (of 34)6 Del.
April 20Alaska
State Convention[34]
19 (of 19)19 Del.
April 22Pennsylvania
Pres. Primary[35]
1,241,411
0 (of 83)527,916
(42.53%)
626,759
(50.49%)
26,890
(2.17%)
30,846
(2.49%)
10,656
(0.86%)
18,344
(1.48%)
Pennsylvania
Del. Primary
76 (of 83)76 Del.
Vermont
Caucus[36]
979
0 (of 19)318
(32.48%)
67
(6.84%)
13
(1.33%)
April 26Minnesota
District Conventions[37]
3 (of 34)3 Del.
Missouri
District Conventions[38] [39]
15 (of 37)15 Del.
May 3Arizona
State Convention[40]
28 (of 28)28 Del.
Minnesota
District Conventions[41]
12 (of 34)4 Del.8 Del.
Missouri
District Conventions
15 (of 37)15 Del.
Oklahoma
State Convention
28 (of 28)28 Del.
Texas
Primary[42]
526,769
80 (of 80)65 Del.
268,798
(50.49%)
15 Del.
249,819
(47.43%)
8,152
(1.55%)
May 6Washington, D.C.
Pres. Primary[43]
7,529
0 (of 14)4,973
(66.05%)
2,025
(26.90%)
261
(3.47%)
Washington, D.C.
Del. Primary
14 (of 14)14 Del.
Indiana
Primary
568,313
56 (of 56)56 Del.
419,016
(73.73%)
92,955
(16.36%)
56,342
(9.91%)
North Carolina
Primary[44]
168,391
40 (of 40)30 Del.
113,854
(67.61%)
10 Del.
36,631
(21.75%)
8,542
(5.07%)
2,543
(1.51%)
547
(0.33%)
1,107
(0.66%)
629
(0.37%)
4,538
(2.70%)
Tennessee
Primary
195,210
32 (of 32)24 Del.
144,625
(74.09%)
8 Del.
35,274
(18.07%)
8,722
(4.47%)
16
(0.01%)
1,574
(0.81%)
1
(0.00%)
629
(0.37%)
22
(0.01%)
4,976
(2.55%)
May 10Wyoming
State Convention[45]
19 (of 19)16 Del.3 Del.
May 13Maryland
Primary[46]
167,303
30 (of 30)15 Del.
80,557
(48.15%)
15 Del.
68,389
(40.88%)
16,244
(9.71%)
2,113
(1.26%)
Nebraska
Primary
205,203
25 (of 25)25 Del.
155,995
(76.02%)
31,380
(15.29%)
11,879
(5.79%)
1,062
(0.52%)
1,420
(0.69%)
3,467
(1.69%)
May 17Hawaii
State Convention[47]
14 (of 14)14 Del.
May 20
(116)
Michigan
Primary[48]
595,176
82 (of 82)29 Del.
189,184
(31.79%)
53 Del.
341,998
(57.46%)
48,947
(8.22%)
4,782
(0.80%)
10,265
(1.73%)
Oregon
Primary
315,366
29 (of 29)18 Del.
170,449
(54.05%)
11 Del.
109,210
(34.63%)
32,118
(10.18%)
2,324
(0.74%)
1,265
(0.40%)
May 17Delaware
State Convention[49]
21 (of 21)4 Del.6 Del.2 Del.
May 25Vermont
State Convention[50]
19 (of 19)16 Del.3 Del.
May 27Idaho
Primary[51]
134,879
17 (of 21)15 Del.
111,868
(82.94%)
5,416
(4.02%)
2 Del.
13,130
(9.74%)
1,024
(0.76%)
3,441
(2.55%)
Kentucky
Primary[52]
94,795
27 (of 27)27 Del.
78,072
(82.36%)
6,861
(7.24%)
4,791
(5.05%)
1,987
(2.10%)
3,084
(3.25%)
Nevada
Primary[53]
47,395
17 (of 17)14 Del.
39,352
(83.03%)
1 Del.
3,078
(6.49%)
2 Del.
4,965
(10.48%)
May 30Minnesota
State Convention[54]
10 (of 34)10 Del.
May 31Colorado
District Conventions[55]
3 (of 31)3 Del.
Missouri
State Convention[56]
7 (of 37)7 Del.
June 3California
Primary[57]
2,564,072
168 (of 168)168 Del.
2,057,923
(80.26%)
125,113
(4.88%)
349,315
(13.62%)
21,465
(0.84%)
10,256
(0.40%)
Mississippi
Del. Primary[58]
25,751
22 (of 22)22 Del.
23,028
(89.43%)
2,105
(8.17%)
618
(2.40%)
Montana
Primary
79,473
0 (of 20)68,794
(86.56%)
7,665
(9.65%)
New Jersey
Pres. Primary[59]
277,977
0 (of 66)225,959
(81.29%)
47,447
(17.07%)
4,571
(1.64%)
New Jersey
Del. Primary
79,473
66 (of 66)63 Del.2 Del.1 Del.
New Mexico
Primary[60]
59,546
22 (of 22)22 Del.
37,982
(63.79%)
5,892
(9.90%)
4,412
(7.41%)
2,742
(4.60%)
1,347
(2.26%)
Ohio
Primary[61]
856,773
77 (of 77)77 Del.
692,288
(80.80%)
164,485
(19.20%)
Rhode Island
Primary
5,335
13 (of 13)12 Del.
3,839
(71.96%)
1 Del.
993
(18.61%)
155
(2.91%)
348
(6.52%)
South Dakota
Primary[62]
82,905
22 (of 22)22 Del.
72,861
(87.89%)
3,691
(4.45%)
987
(1.19%)
5,366
(6.47%)
West Virginia
Pres. Primary
138,016
0 (of 18)115,407
(83.62%)
19,509
(14.14%)
3,100
(2.25%)
West Virginia
Del. Primary
138,016
18 (of 18)15 Del.3 Del.
June 6Iowa
District Conventions[63] [64]
30 (of 37)17 Del.13 Del.
Washington
State Convention[65]
37 (of 37)34 Del.1 Del.1 Del.1 Del.
June 7Colorado
State Conventions[66]
28 (of 31)28 Del.
Iowa
State Convention
7 (of 30)4 Del.3 Del.
June 8Montana
State Convention[67]
20 (of 20)20 Del.
June 28Idaho
State Convention[68]
4 (of 21)4 Del.
Utah
State Convention[69]
21 (of 21)21 Del.
1,990 delegates
1,407
250
59
8
4
1
0
0
156

The Republican National Convention was held in Detroit, Michigan, from July 14 to 17, 1980.

Endorsements

Ronald Reagan

John B. Connally Jr.

George H. W. Bush

John B. Anderson

Howard Baker

Phil Crane

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/18/reagan-maneuvering-his-bandwagon/4c1bb8ec-fb48-459c-a22a-03185772c6e4/ "Reagan Maneuvering His Bandwagon," Washington Post, April 18, 1980.
  2. Sidey. Hugh. The Presidency: Roses with a Touch of Ragweed. Time. May 29, 1978.
  3. Republicans: There's Life in the Old Party Yet. time. November 15, 1976.
  4. Web site: Clymer . Adam . Backers of Reagan Open His Campaign . New York Times . March 20, 2020 . A18 . March 8, 1979.
  5. Web site: US President – R Primaries. November 16, 2004. OurCampaigns.com. October 29, 2020.
  6. Web site: Reagan's Nashua Moment. 11 February 2024. www.youtube.com.
  7. Nation: We Were Sandbagged. Time. 10 March 1980.
  8. Web site: Molloy Sound and Video Contractors: Articles (1/1/11) . Molloysoundandvideo.com . 2000-02-10 . 2011-01-22.
  9. News: Dunham. Richard. New book tells inside story of pivotal Bush-Reagan debate in Nashua. The Houston Chronicle. October 20, 2009.
  10. News: Forbes. Stefan. Transcript – Boogie Man: The Lee Atwater Story. PBS Frontline. 2008.
  11. News: January 25, 1980 . BUSH WINS BY 2,182 VOTES . English . The Des Moines Register . Des Moines, Iowa. March 18, 2024 .
  12. News: February 4, 1980 . ARKANSAS GOP SELECTS SEVERAL DELEGATES BUT MORE ARE TO BE PICKED FEB 16TH . English . The Daily World . Helena, Arkansas. March 18, 2024 .
  13. News: February 17, 1980 . ARKANSAS GOP SELECTS SEVERAL DELEGATES BUT MORE ARE TO BE PICKED FEB 16TH . English . The Times . Shreveport, Louisiana. March 18, 2024 .
  14. News: February 4, 1980 . BUSH WINS ALL IN PUERTO RICO . English . The Miami Herald . Miami, Florida. March 18, 2024 .
  15. News: February 27, 1980 . BAKER TAKES SOLID 3D IN GOP CONTEST . English . The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts. March 18, 2024 .
  16. News: March 3, 1980 . BUSH SOLIDIFIES WIN OVER REAGAN IN COUNTY TALLY . English . The Des Moines Register . Des Moines, Iowa. March 18, 2024 .
  17. News: March 6, 1980 . VERMONT GOES TO REAGAN, MASSACHUSETTS TO BUSH . English . The New York Times . New York, New York. March 18, 2024 .
  18. News: March 6, 1980 . STATE DELEGATE FIGHT HAS ALREADY BEGUN . English . The Times Argus . Barre, Vermont. March 18, 2024 .
  19. News: March 9, 1980 . REAGAN WIN CRUSHES FIELD IN GOP VOTE . English . The State . Columbia, South Carolina. March 18, 2024 .
  20. News: March 17, 1980 . KENNEDY GETS 2 DELEGATES . English . Birmingham Post-Herald . Birmingham, Alabama. March 18, 2024 .
  21. News: March 12, 1980 . CARTER, REAGAN SWEEP SOUTH . English . The Miami Herald . Miami, Florida. March 18, 2024 .
  22. News: March 12, 1980 . HERE'S DELEGATE BREAKDOWN OF CANDIDATE PREFERENCE . English . The Columbus Ledger . Columbus, Georgia. March 18, 2024 .
  23. News: March 19, 1980 . ANDERSON LOSES HOME STATE . English . Chicago Tribune . Chicago, Illinois. March 18, 2024 .
  24. News: March 20, 1980 . ILLINOIS PRIMARY FINAL RESULTS . English . Southern Illinoisan . Carbondale, Illinois. March 18, 2024 .
  25. News: March 29, 1980 . REAGAN FELL JUST SHY OF DELEGATE MAJORITY . English . Hartford Courant . Hartford, Connecticut. March 20, 2024 .
  26. News: March 26, 1980 . BUSH VICTORIOUS OVER REAGAN IN CONNECTICUT PRIMARY . English . New York Times . New York, New York. March 20, 2024 .
  27. News: March 26, 1980 . SCORECARD OF DELEGATES . English . New York Times . New York, New York. March 20, 2024 .
  28. News: April 3, 1980 . STATE MOVES TO DELEGATE STEP . English . The Marysville Advocate . Marysville, Kansas. March 20, 2024 .
  29. News: April 3, 1980 . STATE FINAL VOTE TOTALS . English . Wisconsin State Journal . Madison, Wisconsin. March 20, 2024 .
  30. News: April 7, 1980 . STATE VOTE TOTALS . English . The Daily Advertiser . Lafayette, Louisiana. March 20, 2024 .
  31. News: April 18, 1980 . REAGAN WINS NORTH DAKOTA . English . The Times . Shreveport, Louisiana. March 23, 2024 .
  32. News: April 21, 1980 . BUSH CAPTURES MAINE DELEGATES . English . The Bangor Daily News . Bangor, Maine. March 20, 2024 .
  33. News: April 21, 1980 . REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI . English . St. Cloud Times . Saint Cloud, Minnesota. March 23, 2024 .
  34. News: April 21, 1980 . ALASKA REPUBLICANS TO VOTE FOR REAGAN . English . Daily Sitka Sentinel . Sitka, Alaska. March 24, 2024 .
  35. News: April 23, 1980 . KENNEDY, CARTER IN CLIFFHANGER; BUSH, FLAHERTY, SPECTER WINNERS . English . The Pittsburgh Press . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. March 20, 2024 .
  36. News: April 23, 1980 . REPUBLICANS . English . The Times Argus . Barre, Vermont. March 18, 2024 .
  37. News: April 28, 1980 . REAGAN ADDS TO DELEGATE COUNT . English . St. Cloud Times . Saint Cloud, Minnesota. March 23, 2024 .
  38. News: February 4, 1980 . REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI . English . The Kansas City Star . Kansas City, Missouri. March 23, 2024 .
  39. News: February 4, 1980 . REAGAN GAINS DELEGATES IN MISSOURI . English . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . St. Louis, Missouri. March 23, 2024 .
  40. News: May 4, 1980 . REAGAN SWEEPS STATE DELEGATES AT CONVENTION . English . Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. March 20, 2024 .
  41. News: May 5, 1980 . BUSH WINS EIGHT DELEGATES . English . The Winona Daily News . Winona, Minnesota. March 23, 2024 .
  42. News: May 5, 1980 . BUSH LIKELY TO FIND TIME RUNNING OUT . English . Fort Worth Star-Telegram . Fort Worth, Texas. March 20, 2024 .
  43. News: May 7, 1980 . CARTER, REAGAN PAD LEADS WITH PRIMARY WINS . English . The Baltimore Sun . Baltimore, Maryland. March 20, 2024 .
  44. News: May 7, 1980 . CARTER, REAGAN HOLD THREE-QUARTERS OF NEEDED DELEGATES . English . The Roanoke Times . Roanoke, Virginia. March 20, 2024 .
  45. News: May 11, 1980 . WYOMING ADDED TO REAGAN LIST . English . The Los Angeles Times . Los Angeles, California. March 23, 2024 .
  46. News: May 14, 1980 . CARTER, REAGAN WIN EASILY . English . The Evening Sun . Baltimore, Maryland. March 20, 2024 .
  47. News: May 18, 1980 . GOP DELEGATES PICK 'OPEN-MINDED' STANCE . English . The Honolulu Advertiser . Honolulu, Hawaii. March 24, 2024 .
  48. News: May 22, 1980 . BUSH STRUGGLES TO CASH IN ON MICHIGAN WIN . English . Detroit Free Press . Detroit, Michigan. March 20, 2024 .
  49. News: April 21, 1980 . BUSH IS VICTOR AT DELAWARE CONVENTION . English . The Morning News . Wilmington, Delaware. March 20, 2024 .
  50. News: May 25, 1980 . VERMONT IS REAGAN'S; KENNEDY BEATS CARTER . English . Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. March 20, 2024 .
  51. News: May 29, 1980 . FINAL RETURNS . English . The Times-News . Twin Falls, Idaho. March 20, 2024 .
  52. News: May 28, 1980 . CARTER . English . The State Journal . Frankfort, Kentucky. March 20, 2024 .
  53. News: May 28, 1980 . CARTER IS ONLY 86 DELEGATES SHY OF GOAL . English . Merced Sun-Star . Merced, California. March 20, 2024 .
  54. News: May 31, 1980 . REAGAN SWEEP LEAVES FEELINGS . English . The Austin Daily Herald . Austin, Minnesota. March 23, 2024 .
  55. News: June 2, 1980 . REAGAN, CARTER WIN STATE POLLS . English . The Daily Sentinel . Grand Junction, Colorado. March 24, 2024 .
  56. News: June 1, 1980 . U.S. MUST BE STRONG, REAGAN SAYS HERE . English . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . St. Louis, Missouri. March 23, 2024 .
  57. News: June 4, 1980 . CAPSULE LOOK AT RESULTS OF 9-STATE PRESIDENTIAL RACE . English . Oakland Tribune . Oakland, California. March 20, 2024 .
  58. News: June 4, 1980 . CAPSULE LOOK AT RESULTS OF 9-STATE PRESIDENTIAL RACE . English . The Greenwood Commonwealth . Greenwood, Mississippi. March 20, 2024 .
  59. News: June 5, 1980 . TED'S FORCES HAIL JERSEY VOTE MARGIN . English . The Jersey Journal . Jersey City, New Jersey. March 20, 2024 .
  60. News: June 4, 1980 . KENNEDY BACKERS IN N.M. JUBILANT . English . The Albuquerque Tribune . Albuquerque, New Mexico. March 20, 2024 .
  61. News: June 4, 1980 . CARTER WINS OHIO DESPITE STRONG SHOWING BY KENNEDY . English . The Cincinnati Post . Cincinnati, Ohio. March 20, 2024 .
  62. News: June 4, 1980 . NOVEMBER IN SIGHT . English . Lead Daily Call . Lead, South Dakota. March 20, 2024 .
  63. News: June 7, 1980 . DEAL FALTERS, GOP DELEGATES SPLIT . English . The Gazette . Cedar Rapids, Iowa. March 20, 2024 .
  64. News: June 8, 1980 . GOV. RAY TO HEAD DELEGATION TO DETROIT . English . The Gazette . Cedar Rapids, Iowa. March 20, 2024 .
  65. News: June 29, 1980 . REAGAN: 34 DELEGATES . English . The Spokesman-Review . Spokane, Washington. March 23, 2024 .
  66. News: June 8, 1980 . STATE DELEGATES BACK REAGAN BUT UNDECIDED ON RUNNING MATE . English . The Daily Sentinel . Grand Junction, Colorado. March 24, 2024 .
  67. News: June 9, 1980 . STATES GOP DELEGATES ACHIEVE UNITY WITH REAGAN . English . The Missoulian . Missoula, Montana. March 23, 2024 .
  68. News: June 29, 1980 . IDAHO GOP FAVORS TAX CHANGES . English . The Idaho Statesman . Boise, Idaho. March 23, 2024 .
  69. News: June 29, 1980 . GOP NOMINATES WRIGHT TO RUN FOR GOVERNOR . English . The Salt Lake Tribune . Salt Lake City, Utah. March 23, 2024 .
  70. Web site: 1980 New Hampshire Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  71. Web site: 1980 Vermont Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  72. Web site: 1980 Kansas Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  73. Web site: 1980 Ohio Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  74. Web site: 1980 South Carolina Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  75. News: 1980 New Hampshire Republican Primary . The New York Times . November 18, 1979 . Brill . Steven .
  76. News: 1980 New Hampshire Republican Primary . .
  77. Web site: 1980 New Hampshire Republican Primary . November 1979 .
  78. News: Some race car drivers have become so successful they have become capitalists . The Boston Globe . February 13, 1980.
  79. Web site: Haley Barbour (R) – WhoRunsGov.com/The Washington Post. February 21, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110221004153/http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/Haley_Barbour . February 11, 2024. February 21, 2011 .
  80. Web site: 1980 Massachusetts Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.
  81. Web site: THE FLIP-FLOP WOES. 13 January 2008.
  82. News: How Bush Has Altered Views. . 18 August 1988.
  83. Web site: Interview with Charles McC. Mathias. 18 October 1995.
  84. News: McCloskey Buries the Hatchet by Endorsing Reagan. . September 26, 1980 .
  85. Web site: John Anderson: The Nice Guy Syndrome. . February 1980 .
  86. News: Politics and Hollywood. . 8 March 1980.
  87. Web site: 1980 Georgia Republican Primary . Our Campaigns . April 21, 2020.