| Election Name: | 1980 Northern Maori by-election |
| Country: | New Zealand |
| Flag Year: | 1980 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1978 New Zealand general election |
| Previous Year: | 1978 general |
| Next Election: | 1981 New Zealand general election |
| Next Year: | 1981 general |
| Turnout: | 6,831 (41.38%) |
| Candidate1: | Bruce Gregory |
| Party1: | New Zealand Labour Party |
| Popular Vote1: | 3,580 |
| Percentage1: | 52.41 |
| Candidate2: | Matiu Rata |
| Party2: | Mana Motuhake |
| Popular Vote2: | 2,589 |
| Percentage2: | 37.90 |
| Candidate3: | Joe Toia |
| Party3: | Social Credit Party (New Zealand) |
| Popular Vote3: | 560 |
| Percentage3: | 8.20 |
| Member | |
| Before Election: | Matiu Rata |
| Before Party: | New Zealand Labour Party |
| After Election: | Bruce Gregory |
| After Party: | New Zealand Labour Party |
The Northern Maori by-election of 1980 was a by-election for the Northern Maori electorate during the 39th New Zealand Parliament. It was prompted on 29 April by the resignation of Matiu Rata, a former member of the Labour Party who was establishing a new group, Mana Motuhake. Rata believed that contesting a by-election would give him a mandate for his change of allegiance. In the end, however, his plan backfired when the seat was won by Bruce Gregory, his replacement as the Labour Party candidate.
It was held the same day as another by-election in Onehunga.[1]
As Northern Maori was a safe Labour seat, having held it since, there was a large amount of interest in the candidacy. The sheer geographic size of the electorate also caused interest from candidates to be spread widely, Northern Maori stretched from Cape Reinga in the north to Panmure in the south.
A total of 11 candidates were nominated:[2] [3]
The selection process was completed on 4 May, where Bruce Gregory was selected.[4]
After becoming dissatisfied with the Labour Party's Māori policies Matiu Rata had begun to lose the confidence of his colleagues. Eventually he was deposed as chairman of Labour's Maori Affairs committee and removed from Labour's front bench, prompting him to resign from the party. He then formed his own party, Mana Motuhake which would advocate for Maori self-determination. To help in the establishment of the party, Rata sought a by-election to gain voter approval for his new party and its agenda.[5]
Anticipating that Rata would force a by-election, the Social Credit Party selected Joe Toia, a Dargaville forestry foreman, in March 1980. Toia was the Māori representative on the party's dominion council and had contested the seat at the last three elections.[6] [7] Toia was previously a Labour Party member and had been beaten by Rata for the Labour nomination at the 1963 Northern Maori by-election.[8]
The National Party did not contest the election, a decision that was criticised by Social Credit deputy-leader Jeremy Dwyer as "chickening out".[9] The Values Party decided not to stand a candidate in Northern Maori. Party leader Margaret Crozier endorsed Rata, saying that Values agreed with his aim for Maori self-determination which was already part of Values Party policy.[10] Wallace Hetaraka, a carver and craft shop owner, stood for the Cheer Up Party (a joke party).[11]
The following table gives the election results: