1978 in animation explained
Events in 1978 in animation.
Events
March
April
May
June
July
September
October
November
- November 2: Takashi Masunaga's anthology film Metamorphoses premieres, a retelling of Metamorphoses by Roman poet Ovid set to music by Joan Baez and Mick Jagger.[13]
- November 6: Eunice Macaulay and John Weldon's Livraison Spéciale (Special Delivery) is first released.[14]
- November 13: To celebrate the character's 50th anniversary, Mickey Mouse receives a star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He is the first animated character and general fictional character to receive this honor.[15]
- November 15: Ralph Bakshi releases his animated film adaptation of the Ring trilogy by J. R. R. Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings.
December
Specific date unknown
Films released
See main article: List of animated feature films of 1978.
- January 5 - Gold Wing 123 (South Korea)
- January 23 - Kongjui & Patchui (South Korea)
- March 10 - The Ballad of the Daltons (France)
- March 11 - Ringing Bell (Japan)
- March 18 - Thumbelina (Japan)
- March 27 - The Thralls (Denmark)
- April - Proszę słonia (Poland)
- May 3 - Metamorphoses (Japan and United States)
- May 12 - (Japan)
- May 15 - Wilhelm Busch – Die Trickfilm-Parade: Max und Moritz und andere Streiche (Germany)
- June 23 - The Water Babies (United Kingdom)
- June 30 - Mickey Mouse Jubilee Show (United States)
- July 14 - Farewell to Space Battleship Yamato: Warriors of Love (Japan)
- July 23 - 77 Group's Secret (South Korea)
- July 26 - Robot Taekwon V vs. Golden Wings Showdown (South Korea)
- July 31 - Run, Wonder Princess! (South Korea)
- August 19 - The Phoenix (Japan)
- August 27 - One Million-Year Trip: Bander Book (Japan)
- September 23 - King Fang (Japan)
- October 19 - Watership Down (United Kingdom and United States)
- October 28 - Black Beauty (United States)
- November 2 - Twelve Days of Christmas (United States)
- November 4 - Los Supersabios (Mexico)
- November 15 - The Lord of the Rings (United States)
- November 25 - Not Everything that Flies is a Bird (Germany and Yugoslavia)
- December 7 - Dallyeora Majingga X (South Korea)
- December 16 - Lupin III: The Mystery of Mamo (Japan)
- December 23 - The Stingiest Man in Town (United States and Japan)
- December 26 - The Talking Parcel (United Kingdom)
- December 31 - Captain Future: The Great Race in the Solar System (Japan)
- Specific date unknown:
Television series
See main article: List of animated television series of 1978.
- January 1 - Perrine Monogatari debuts on Fuji TV and Sat.1.
- March 6 - Majokko Tickle debuts on TV Asahi.
- March 14 - Space Pirate Captain Harlock debuts on TV Asahi.
- April 1 - Tosho Daimos debuts on TV Asahi.
- April 2 - Starzinger debuts on Fuji TV.
- April 4 - Future Boy Conan debuts on NHK General TV.
- April 10 - Highschool Baseball Ninja debuts on Fuji TV.
- June 3:
- July 4 - The Adventures of The Little Prince debuts on TV Asahi.
- July 6 - Wattoo Wattoo Super Bird debuts on A2.
- September - Quaq Quao debuts in syndication.
- September 9:
- Buford and the Galloping Ghost debuts on NBC.
- Challenge of the Super Friends and Fangface debut on ABC.
- Crazylegs Crane, Dinky Dog, Manta and Moray, Superstretch and Microwoman, Tarzan and the Super 7, The All-New Popeye Hour, The Freedom Force, and Web Woman debut on CBS.
- Fabulous Funnies, Galaxy Goof-Ups, The Godzilla Power Hour, Jana of the Jungle, The Buford Files, The Galloping Ghost, The New Fantastic Four, and Yogi's Space Race debut on NBC.
- September 12 - Battle of the Planets debuts in syndication.[21]
- September 14 - Galaxy Express 999 debuts on Fuji TV.
- September 30 - Once Upon a Time... Man debuts on FR3.
- October 1 - Gatchaman II debuts on Fuji TV.
- October 8 - Treasure Island debuts on NTV.
- October 14 - Space Battleship Yamato 2 debuts on Yomiuri TV.
- November 7 - Captain Future debuts on NHK General TV.
Births
January
- January 1: Jose Garibaldi, American animator (Good Vibes, Electric City, The Epic Tales of Captain Underpants, ), illustrator and character designer (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles).
- January 8: Scott Whyte, American actor (voice of Uncle Andrew and Porcupunk in Power Players, Sparrow in the episode "Miraculous World: New York – United Heroez").
- January 9: AJ McLean, American musician and member of the Backstreet Boys (voice of Kuchimba in The Lion Guard episode "The Underground Adventure", himself in the Arthur episode "Arthur, It's Only Rock and Roll" and the Static Shock episode "Duped").
- January 24: Kristen Schaal, American actress and comedian (voice of Mabel Pines in Gravity Falls, Louise Belcher in Bob's Burgers, Trixie in Toy Story 3 and Toy Story 4, Sarah Lynn in BoJack Horseman, Barb in Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, Shannon in Despicable Me 2, herself in the Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? episode "The Horrible Haunted Hospital of Dr. Phineas Phrag!").
- January 25: Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Ukrainian politician and former actor (dub voice of Paddington Bear in Paddington and Paddington 2).
- January 28: Mark Hildreth, Canadian actor (voice of Milton Dyer in Ninjago, Vert Wheeler in Hot Wheels Battle Force 5, Quicksilver in Wolverine and the X-Men, Pan in Class of the Titans, Thundermutt in Krypto the Superdog, Angel in , Heero Yuy in Mobile Suit Gundam Wing, Sir Gallop and Sir Zeke in King Arthur and the Knights of Justice, Deathlok in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episode "Deathlok").
February
- February 2:
- February 3: Eliza Jane Schneider, American actress, singer, playwright, and dialect coach (portrayed Liza in Beakman's World, voice of various characters in Popzilla, Sweet Older Lady in Foodfight!, Chido's Mom in Sanjay and Craig, Lola in the Johnny Bravo episode "Berry the Butler", Charisse in the King of the Hill episode "I'm with Cupid", Jenny in The Zeta Project episode "The Wrong Morph", Moofy in the Invader Zim episode "The Girl Who Cried Gnome", Martha in the Squirrel Boy episode "Diss and Make Up", Ewok Nerd in The Cleveland Show episode "Hot Cocoa Bang Bang", Baroness von Gunther and Georgette Taylor in the episode "Scorn of the Star Sapphire!", continued voice of Liane Cartman, Wendy Testaburger, Sheila Broflovski, Shelly Marsh, Sharon Marsh, Mrs. Crabtree, Principal Victoria, and other various characters in South Park).
- February 7: Matt Warburton, American television writer and producer (The Simpsons).
- February 20: Jay Hernandez, American actor (voice of Bonnie's Dad in Toy Story 4, himself in the BoJack Horseman episode "A Horse Walks Into a Bar").
- February 21: Nicole Parker, American actress (voice of Penelope Pitstop in Wacky Races, Siobhan in Bunnicula).
- February 28: Geoffrey Arend, American actor (voice of Riddler in Batman: Hush, Sean Connery and Christopher Walken in Celebrity Deathmatch, Tony Perotti in the American Dad! episode "Garbage Stan").
March
- March 1:
- Donovan Patton, American actor and television host (portrayed Joe in Blue's Clues and Blue's Clues & You!, voice of Daniel in Maya & Miguel, Bot in Team Umizoomi, Mr. Reese in Clarence, Chef Zesty in Creative Galaxy, Catrat in Gabby's Dollhouse, Hector Hare in The Tom and Jerry Show episode "The Tortoise Don't Play Fair", Luster Dock in the Sunny Day episode "Blair's Appointment", additional voices in Monsters University and We Bare Bears).
- Jensen Ackles, American actor (voice of Batman in the Tomorrowverse, Jason Todd in ).
- March 17: Patrick Seitz, American actor (voice of Dio Brando in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Enji Todoroki / Endeavor in My Hero Academia, Kunikida Doppo in Bungo Stray Dogs, Kenpachi Zaraki and Isshin Kurosaki in Bleach, Laxus Dreyar in Fairy Tail, Agil in Sword Art Online, Kunzite in the Viz Media dub of Sailor Moon, Thor in Marvel Future Avengers, Etrigan the Demon in Justice League Action, Mumm-Ra and Tygra in ThunderCats Roar).
- March 23: Nicholle Tom, American actress (voice of Supergirl in the DC Animated Universe, Ryce Newton in Beethoven).
- March 25: Tomohisa Shimoyama, Japanese director (Super Shiro) and animator (, The Night Is Short, Walk On Girl).
April
- April 20: C. Raggio IV, American animator (Camp Lazlo, The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack), character designer (The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack, The Powerpuff Girls, The Mighty B!, Disney Television Animation) and storyboard artist (The Replacements, Illumination, The Angry Birds Movie 2), (d. 2019).[23]
- April 26: Stana Katic, Canadian actress (voice of Lois Lane in , Wonder Woman in the Tomorrowverse).[24]
May
- May 2: Kumail Nanjiani, Pakistani-American actor and comedian (voice of Jay in The Lego Ninjago Movie, Prismo in Adventure Time).
- May 4: Daisuke Ono, Japanese voice actor (voice of Erwin Smith in Attack on Titan, Jotaro Kujo in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, Sebastian Michaelis in Black Butler, Leon in Pokémon, Japanese dub voice of Nod in Epic, Guy in The Croods, and Prince Gumball in Adventure Time).
- May 10: Kenan Thompson, American actor and comedian (voiced and portrayed the title character in Fat Albert, voice of Greedy Smurf in The Smurfs and The Smurfs 2, Riff in Rock Dog, Bricklebaum in The Grinch, Gus in Wonder Park, Bloodbones in , Tiny Diamond in the Trolls franchise, Rocky Rhodes in The Mighty B!, Sue Sezno in Sit Down, Shut Up, Ronald in Nature Cat, himself in the Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? episode "Quit Clowning!").
- May 15: David Krumholtz, American actor (voice of Kareem Lavash in Sausage Party, Timo in All Hail King Julien, Cobalt Ferrero in the Star vs. the Forces of Evil episode "Marco Jr.").
- May 22: Ginnifer Goodwin, American actress (voice of Judy Hopps in the Zootopia franchise and Once Upon a Studio, Fawn in Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast, Gwen in the Sofia the First episode "Gizmo Gwen", Purple-Haired Mermaid in the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Welcome to the Bikini Bottom Triangle").
- May 26: Benji Gregory, American actor (voice of Biff Jr. in Back to the Future, Edgar in Once Upon a Forest, Benjamin "Ben" Letterman in Fantastic Max, Andy in the Pound Puppies episode "Pups on the Loose"), (d. 2024).[25]
- May 28: Jake Johnson, American actor and filmmaker (voice of Peter B. Parker/Spider-Man in and , Barry in The Lego Movie, Grouchy Smurf in , Joel Zadak in Allen Gregory, Mr. Structor in High School USA!, Oxnard in BoJack Horseman, Ben Hopkins in Hoops, Dave in the We Bare Bears episode "The Island").
June
- June 2: Justin Long, American actor (voice of Spyro in Skylanders Academy, Senn in Battle for Terra, Lem Kerlpog in Escape from Planet Earth).
- June 5: Nick Kroll, American actor, comedian, writer and producer (voice of Stu in The Life & Times of Tim, Andrew LeGustambos in Sit Down, Shut Up, Reuben Grinder in WordGirl, Andy Dick, Student, Dry Cleaner, Costgo Employee and Henry Watkins Jr. in American Dad!, Douche in Sausage Party, Gunter in Sing and Sing 2, Professor Poopypants in , Mr. Desanto in Bob's Burgers, Sergei in The Secret Life of Pets 2, Uncle Fester in The Addams Family and The Addams Family 2, Scary Carnie in The Bob's Burgers Movie, Ricky in the Family Guy episode "Into Harmony's Way", Lem in The Simpsons episode "Halloween of Horror", Cleb in the SuperMansion episode "Babes in the Wood", Jerry in the Animals episode "Pigeons.", co-creator and voice of Nick Birch, Maury the Hormone Monster, Lola Skumpy, Coach Steve Steve and other various characters in Big Mouth, Rick and Todd in Human Resources).
- June 6:
- June 7: Bill Hader, American actor and comedian (voice of Fear in Inside Out, Flint Lockwood in Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2, Leonard in The Angry Birds Movie and The Angry Birds Movie 2, Spamley in Ralph Breaks the Internet, Guy Gagne in Turbo).
- June 12:
- June 13: Ethan Embry, American actor (voice of Electro in , Melampus in Hercules, Bodhi in The Zeta Project episode "His Maker's Name").
- June 18:
- Tara Platt, American actress (voice of Ikuko Tsukino in Sailor Moon, Temari in Naruto, Reina in Rave Master, Kali Belladonna in RWBY, Washimi in Aggretsuko, Jennifer Nocturne, Ester, and Subdora in the Ben 10 franchise, Dream Girl in Legion of Super Heroes).
- Ben Gleib, American actor and comedian (voice of Marshall in , Goya and Dali in The Book of Life, NewsGroup in Jay & Silent Bob's Super Groovy Cartoon Movie!).
- June 19: Zoe Saldaña, American actress (voice of Captain Celaeno in My Little Pony: The Movie, Maya in Maya and the Three, Adelina Fortnight in Missing Link, Maria Posada in The Book of Life).
- June 29: Nicole Scherzinger, American signer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and television personality (voice of Sina in the Moana franchise, Mo's Mother in Ralph Breaks the Internet, Miranda Trese in Trese).
July
- July 6:
- July 8: Tony Mines, English animator, writer, director and producer (The Lego Group, co-founder of Spite Your Face Productions), (d. 2022).[28]
- July 19:
- R.J. Williams, American actor (voice of the title character in Kissyfur, Kit Cloudkicker in TaleSpin, Cavin in season 6 of Adventures of the Gummi Bears).
- Chiara Zanni, Canadian actress (voice of Alex in Camp Candy, Jubilee in , the title character in Hamtaro, Molly in Oban Star-Racers, Yura of the Hair, the Infant, and Hakudoshi in Inuyasha, Petunia Pig in Baby Looney Tunes, Fiona Munson in Kid vs. Kat, Daring Do in , Colby in Henry Hugglemonster).
August
- August 3: Tommy Dewey, American actor, producer, and writer (voice of Stu Pickles in Rugrats).
- August 14: Neil Newbon, English actor (voice of Petra Fortis in , Tank Driver in Jackboots on Whitehall).
- August 18: Andy Samberg, American actor and comedian (voice of Johnny in the Hotel Transylvania franchise, Brent McHale in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs franchise, Benedict Arnold in , Dale in Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, Rip Digman in Digman!, Ben Reilly in ).
- August 21:
- August 22: James Corden, English actor and comedian (voice of Biggie in the Trolls franchise, Hi-5 in The Emoji Movie, Vernkot in Planet 51, Percy in Smallfoot).
- August 23:
- Kobe Bryant, American former professional basketball player (wrote and narrated Dear Basketball, voiced himself in The Proud Family episode "One in a Million"), (d. 2020).[29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
- Andrew Rannells, American actor (voice of Archie Andrews in Archie's Weird Mysteries, Connor in Cubix, Monty and Harley in Pokémon, Alexander Hamilton in Liberty's Kids, Mako Tsunami, Noah Kaiba, Leon von Schroeder, and Leon Wilson in Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters, Streex and Shrimp Louie in Street Sharks, young Zoro in the 4Kids dub of One Piece, Skye in Sofia the First, Andrei in Welcome to the Wayne, King Peppy in Vampirina, Matthew MacDell in Big Mouth, William Clockwell in Invincible, Aten in Ridley Jones, himself in The Simpsons episode "How Lisa Got Her Marge Back").
- August 25: Kel Mitchell, American actor and comedian (voice of T-Bone in Clifford the Big Red Dog, Dutch in Motorcity, Carlos in The Proud Family episode "Forbidden Date").[44]
- August 28: Rachel Kimsey, American actress (voice of Wonder Woman in Justice League Action and the Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? episode "The Scooby of a Thousand Faces!", Maria Romanova in ).
- August 31: Mike Erwin, American actor (voice of Strikemaster Ice in Jackie Chan Adventures, Roy Harper in Teen Titans and the Justice League Unlimited episode "Patriot Act").
September
October
- October 4:
- October 7: Omar Benson Miller, American actor (voice of Raphael in Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and , Randy Carmichael in Rugrats).
- October 10: Edan Gross, American businessman and former child actor (voice of Flounder in The Little Mermaid, Tyrone Turtle in Tiny Toon Adventures, Christopher Robin in Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too, Tom Skelton in The Halloween Tree, the title character in Little Dracula).
- October 20: Dionne Quan, American actress (voice of Shi Shou in The Wild Thornberrys, Kimi Finster in Rugrats, Trixie Tang in The Fairly OddParents, Kodama Twins in the Shorty McShorts' Shorts episode "Dudley and Nestor Do Nothing").
November
- November 6: Nicole Dubuc, American actress (voice of Iris West in Young Justice, Nuala in Miles from Tomorrowland, Honey in The Rocketeer), and writer (Transformers, ).
- November 16:
- Vyvan Pham, American actress (voice of Julie Yamamoto in the Ben 10 franchise, Cricket in Generator Rex, Ullu in The Lion Guard, Katana in the episode "Enter the Outsiders!").
- Cal Brunker, Canadian animator (, Cyberchase, Kronk's New Groove), storyboard artist (Blue Sky Studios, Illumination, 9, Spliced, Ratchet & Clank), screenwriter (Arctic Dogs, Bigfoot Family) and film director (Escape from Planet Earth, , ).
- November 19:
- November 30: Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor and producer (voice of Héctor in Coco).
December
- December 7: Shiri Appleby, American actress (voice of Cynthia in the Batman Beyond episode "Terry's Friend Dates A Robot").
- December 10: Rita Rani Ahuja, American actress and producer (voice of Alexandrite in Steven Universe).
- December 17: Cav Bøgelund, Danish animator and comics artist (Våbenbrødre), (d. 2018).[47]
- December 27: Colin Heck, American animator (Film Roman, Futurama, Neighbors from Hell), storyboard artist (Nickelodeon Animation Studio, Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, Teen Titans, The Simpsons, Family Guy, American Dad!, Drawn Together, The Simpsons Movie, Futurama, , Neighbors from Hell, Chicago Party Aunt), character designer (American Dad!), writer (Harvey Beaks) and director (Allen Gregory, The Legend of Korra, Ben 10, Harley Quinn).
- December 28: John Legend, American singer and songwriter (voice of Jim Posey in The Mitchells vs. the Machines, himself in The Simpsons episode "The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson").
Specific date unknown
Deaths
January
February
- February 9: Woody Gelman, American animator, comics artist, novelist and publisher (worked for Fleischer Studios and Famous Studios), dies of a stroke at age 62.[52]
- February 28: Dorothy Jones, American screenwriter and wife of Chuck Jones (Gay Purr-ee), dies at age 70.
April
June
July
- July 26: Mary Blair, American artist, animator and designer (The Walt Disney Company), dies at age 66.[55] [56]
August
September
- September 9: Jack L. Warner, American film studio executive, co-founder and president of Warner Bros., (credited with the decision to sell the rights of all of the 400 cartoons which Warner Bros. made before 1948 for $3,000 apiece), dies at age 86.[58] [59]
- September 30: Edgar Bergen, American actor, comedian and puppeteer (narrator in the Mickey and the Beanstalk segment in Fun and Fancy Free), dies at age 75.[60]
October
November
December
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Chirin no suzu (Ringing Bell) (1978) . May 20, 2020 . www.rottentomatoes.com.
- Web site: "Ringing Bell" (1978) and "One Stormy Night" (2005) | . cartoonresearch.com . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Trællene. Danish Film Institute. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Science Fiction Saiyuki Starzinger (TV). Anime News Network. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners . October 5, 2011 . oscars.org . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141111072046/http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978 . November 11, 2014.
- Web site: La Traversée de l'Atlantique à la rame – Fiche Film – La Cinémathèque française . cinema.encyclopedie.films.bifi.fr . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Smart-san (TV). Anime News Network. May 20, 2020.
- News: Grease credits animator Wilson dies . . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Wattoo Wattoo Super Bird . Planète Jeunesse. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Farewell Space Battleship Yamato (movie). Anime News Network. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: IL MONDO DEI DOPPIATORI – ZONA ANIMAZIONE: "Quaq Quao" . AntonioGenna.net. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: The Devil And Daniel Mouse (Nelvana Limited). https://archive.today/20130620194649/http://www.bcdb.com/bcdb/cartoon.cgi?film=54983 . dead . June 20, 2013 . Big Cartoon DataBase (BCDB) . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Albuquerque Journal from Albuquerque, New Mexico on June 1, 1978 · Page 25 . Newspapers.com . June 1978 . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Livraison spéciale . National Film Board of Canada . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Mickey Mouse . Hollywood Chamber of Commerce . 28 June 2012.
- Web site: Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo (movie). Anime News Network. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: The Small One (Walt Disney Studios). Big Cartoon DataBase (BCDB) . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Afterlife . https://web.archive.org/web/20121006104012/http://tiff.net/CANADIANFILMENCYCLOPEDIA/content/films/afterlife . dead . October 6, 2012 . October 6, 2012. Canadian Film Encyclopedia. May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Russian animation in letters and figures | Films | "THE ROBBERY LIKE…" . www.animator.ru . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Why Me . National Film Board of Canada . May 20, 2020.
- News: Top 100 Animated TV Series. IGN. 14 January 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616151416/http://uk.tv.ign.com/top-100-animated-tv-series/44.html. 16 June 2010.
- News: . February 2, 2022 . Birthdays . 2A . . . Actor Rich Sommer is 44..
- News: Weekly . CV . Former Mayor's Grandson Perishes in Accident. May 19, 2022 . Crescenta Valley Weekly. February 14, 2019.
- Web site: April 26, 2019 . On This Day in History - April 26th - Almanac - UPI.com . September 5, 2023 . United Press International . en.
- Web site: July 10, 2024 . 'Alf' Star Benji Gregory Dead at 46 . July 11, 2024 . TMZ . en.
- News: 1988-07-29 . Local News in Brief: Bodies Identified as Child Actress, Mother . . 26 September 2011 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120205183510/https://articles.latimes.com/1988-07-29/local/me-7875_1_child-actress . February 5, 2012.
- Web site: Brow . Jason . 2016-01-06 . Jeremy Rowley . 2023-05-23 . Hollywood Life . en-US.
- Web site: Tony Mines, Pioneer Of Modern Lego Animation, Dies At 44. Jamie. Lang. July 27, 2022. Cartoon Brew.
- Web site: Federal investigators look for answers in Kobe Bryant helicopter crash. January 26, 2020. Los Angeles Times. January 26, 2020.
- News: Winton . Richard . Kobe Bryant, daughter Gianna among nine dead in helicopter crash in Calabasas . January 26, 2020 . . January 26, 2020.
- Web site: NBA superstar Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gianna killed in LA-area helicopter crash. Emma. Newburger. Jabari. Young. January 26, 2020. CNBC. January 26, 2020.
- News: Kobe Bryant was one of five people killed in a helicopter crash in Calabasas, California. Alfonso. Fernando. Vera. Amir. January 26, 2020. CNN. January 26, 2020.
- News: Kobe Bryant dies at 41. Alfonso. Fernando. Vera. Amir. January 26, 2020. CNN. January 26, 2020.
- Web site: This map shows the exact path of Kobe Bryant's helicopter before it crashed, killing all 9 people on board. Will. Martin. Business Insider. January 27, 2020. February 2, 2020.
- Web site: Kobe Bryant & Daughter Die in Helicopter Crash, Photos from Her Last Game. TMZ. January 27, 2020.
- Web site: Kobe Bryant: Pilot warned 'you're too low' seconds before helicopter crashed in fog. Sky Sports. January 27, 2020.
- Web site: Kobe Bryant is killed in helicopter crash in Calabasas. Winton, Richard. Dan. Woike. Los Angeles Times. January 26, 2020. January 26, 2020.
- News: Kobe Bryant, daughter Gianna die in helicopter crash . ESPN.com . January 26, 2020.
- Web site: Coroner officials confirm IDs of five more people killed in crash of Kobe Bryant's helicopter . DailyNews.com. January 30, 2020 .
- Web site: Kobe Bryant among those killed in California helicopter crash. Ryan. Gaydos. January 26, 2020. Fox News. January 26, 2020.
- Web site: Investigation underway to determine cause of helicopter Calabasas, California, crash that killed Kobe Bryant . Bacon . John . January 26, 2020 . . January 26, 2020.
- News: Kobe Bryant: Basketball legend dies in helicopter crash. BBC News . January 26, 2020 . January 26, 2020.
- News: Investigators report Kobe Bryant's pilot got disoriented in clouds. February 9, 2021. February 10, 2021.
- Web site: Kel Mitchell . 2023-06-01 . prod-www.tcm.com . en.
- Web site: August 29, 2022 . Celebrity birthdays for the week of Sept. 4-10 . October 8, 2023 . AP News . en.
- Web site: August 30, 2021 . Celebrity birthdays for the week of Sept. 5-11 . October 8, 2023 . AP News . en.
- Web site: Cav Bøgelund. lambiek.net. May 5, 2020.
- Web site: 'Bob's Burgers' Lead Character Designer Dave Creek Dies After Skydiving Accident. Naman. Ramachandran. January 8, 2021.
- Web site: Clark Haas . lambiek.net . May 20, 2020.
- Web site: Here's What Happened to Disney's Original 'Winnie the Pooh' Voice Cast. August 3, 2020.
- Web site: Julius Matthews – 2 Character Images. Behind The Voice Actors.
- Web site: Woody Gelman. lambiek.net. May 20, 2020.
- https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/04/archives/obituary-8-no-title.html Deaths - The New York Times
- Web site: Join Ancestry. search.ancestry.co.uk. 2018-01-17.
- .
- Web site: Soquel Artist Mary Blair Finally Gets Her Due - SantaCruz.com. www.santacruz.com. 2019-12-11.
- Web site: Steve Gravers . TV.com . May 20, 2020.
- Thomas (1990), p. 212.
- News: Arnold. Gary. September 11, 1978. Jack Warner, Last of First-Generation Movie Tycoons, Dies. en-US. Washington Post. May 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20201102064346/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/09/11/jack-warner-last-of-first-generation-movie-tycoons-dies/d459d4b8-14ab-488d-824b-2ecb2f6093b7/. November 2, 2020. 0190-8286. dead.
- Web site: Candice Bergen's Dad Cut Her Out of His Will (But She's Got 'Murphy Brown' Money) . Yahoo! Entertainment . April 3, 2015 . March 2, 2023.
- News: Actor Karl Swenson Dies . September 5, 2016 . Lakeland Ledger . October 9, 1978 . 2A.
- Web site: J.R. Bray . lambiek.net . May 20, 2020.
- Book: Grant, John . Masters of Animation . . 9780713486285 . 48 . 2001 . 2022-05-16 . Google Books.
- Web site: Innovative Animators . Karen . Lund . Information Bulletin . . June 1999 . 2022-05-16.
- Book: Clarke, James. Animated Films. Virgin Books. 2007. 978-0753512586. 13.
- Book: Barrier . Michael . Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age . 1999 . Oxford University Press . 9780198020790 . 11.
- Book: Kanfer . Stefan . Serious Business: The Art and Commerce of Animation in America from Betty Boop to Toy Story . 2000 . Da Capo Press . 978-0306809187 . 48 . 25 January 2020.
- Book: Kroon, Richard W. . A/V A to Z: An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media, Entertainment, and Other Audiovisual Terms . . 2010 . 9780786444052 . 46.
- Book: Robertson, Patrick . Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time . . 326 . November 11, 2011 . 9781608197385 . May 29, 2015.
- Book: Crafton, Donald. Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898-1928. University of Chicago Press. 1993. 9780226116679. 376.
- News: John R. Bray, 99, film pioneer . . Bridgeport, Connecticut . Associated Press . 42 . 1978-10-12 . 2022-05-16 . Newspapers.com.
- Web site: Tom Okamoto . lambiek.net . March 27, 2021.
- Web site: Brian Lewis . lambiek.net . May 20, 2020.
- Book: Shaw, Tony. Hollywood's Cold War. 2007. University of Massachusetts Press. Amherst. 76.