| Election Name: | 1978 United States Senate election in West Virginia |
| Country: | West Virginia |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1972 United States Senate election in West Virginia |
| Previous Year: | 1972 |
| Next Election: | 1984 United States Senate election in West Virginia |
| Next Year: | 1984 |
| Election Date: | November 7, 1978 |
| Image1: | File:Jennings Randolph headshot.jpg |
| Nominee1: | Jennings Randolph |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 249,034 |
| Percentage1: | 50.48% |
| Nominee2: | Arch Moore |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 244,317 |
| Percentage2: | 49.52% |
| Map Size: | 245px |
| U.S. Senator | |
| Before Election: | Jennings Randolph |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Jennings Randolph |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1978 United States Senate election in West Virginia took place on November 7, 1978. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jennings Randolph was re-elected to a fifth term and a fourth full term in office, narrowly defeating Republican Arch Moore, a former Governor. Despite his defeat, Moore's daughter, Shelley Moore Capito, would later win election to this seat in 2014, becoming the first female Senator from the state. This was the closest Senate election in West Virginia from the five Senate elections in West Virginia that Jennings Randolph had won.