See also: 1978 Soviet Second League.
The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 48th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League in Zone 2. The season started on 2 April 1978.
The 1978 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was won by Metalist Kharkiv.
The "Ruby Cup" of Molod Ukrayiny newspaper (for the most scored goals) was received by SKA Kiev.
The following were the top ten goalscorers.
| Scorer | Goals (Pen.) | Team | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yuriy Bondarenko | align=center rowspan=2 | 20 | Krystal Kherson |
| Yevhen Dereviaha | Sudnobudivnyk Mykolaiv | |||
| 3 | Valeriy Petrov | align=center rowspan=2 | 19 | Atlantyka Sevastopol |
| Yaroslav Yatsyshyn | Spartak Zhytomyr | |||
| 5 | Vitaliy Dmytrenko | 18 | Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih | |
| 6 | Volodymyr Chyrkov | align=center rowspan=3 | 16 | Avanhard Rivno |
| Mykola Pinchuk | SKA Kiev | |||
| Mykola Tabachuk | Podillya Khmelnytskyi |