| Type: | F1 |
| Country: | South Africa |
| Flag Suffix: | 1928 |
| Grand Prix: | South African |
| Official Name: | XXIV Citizen and Asseng Grand Prix of South Africa |
| Date: | 4 March |
| Year: | 1978 |
| Race No: | 3 |
| Season No: | 16 |
| Course: | Permanent racing facility |
| Course Mi: | 2.550 |
| Course Km: | 4.104 |
| Distance Laps: | 78 |
| Distance Mi: | 198.908 |
| Distance Km: | 320.112 |
| Weather: | Dry |
| Pole Country: | Austria |
| Pole Team: | Brabham-Alfa Romeo |
| Pole Time: | 1:14.65 |
| Fast Driver: | Mario Andretti |
| Fast Country: | USA |
| Fast Team: | Lotus-Ford |
| Fast Time: | 1:17.09 |
| Fast Lap: | 2 |
| First Driver: | Ronnie Peterson |
| First Country: | Sweden |
| First Team: | Lotus-Ford |
| Second Driver: | Patrick Depailler |
| Second Country: | France |
| Second Team: | Tyrrell-Ford |
| Third Driver: | John Watson |
| Third Country: | UK |
| Third Team: | Brabham-Alfa Romeo |
The 1978 South African Grand Prix (formally the XXIV Citizen and Asseng Grand Prix of South Africa) was a Formula One motor race held on 4 March 1978 at Kyalami. It was the third round of the 1978 Formula One season and the 300th World Championship Grand Prix held since the championship began in . This was the debut race of the future world champion Keke Rosberg.
The Ferrari (312T3) and Brabham (BT46) teams had new cars in Kyalami for the race. The event also saw the return of Renault with its unique turbocharged car.
Ronnie Peterson, in the Lotus 78 with its Colin Chapman-inspired ground effect aerodynamics, battled Patrick Depailler in his Tyrrell on the last lap to take a dramatic victory. John Watson finished third for Brabham. Young Italian, Riccardo Patrese got his Arrows into the lead before retiring with a blown engine. Pole sitter and reigning world champion Niki Lauda, in his first season with Brabham, retired with engine failure and the Ferraris of Carlos Reutemann and Gilles Villeneuve exited on lap 55. James Hunt, who had qualified third on the grid in his McLaren M26, only lasted five laps when his engine failed, while his new teammate Patrick Tambay, who qualified fourth, crashed out mid race.
| Pos | Driver | Points | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Mario Andretti | 12 | ||
| 2 |  Ronnie Peterson | 11 | ||
| 3 |  Niki Lauda | 10 | ||
| 4 |  Patrick Depailler | 10 | ||
| 5 |  Carlos Reutemann | 9 | ||
| Source:[1] | ||||
| Pos | Constructor | Points | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lotus-Ford | 21 | ||
| 2 | Brabham-Alfa Romeo | 14 | ||
| 3 | Tyrrell-Ford | 11 | ||
| 4 |  Ferrari | 9 | ||
| 5 |  Fittipaldi-Ford | 6 | ||
| Source: | ||||
