| Election Name: | 1978 Hessian state election |
| Country: | Hesse |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1974 Hessian state election |
| Previous Year: | 1974 |
| Next Election: | 1982 Hessian state election |
| Next Year: | 1982 |
| Seats For Election: | All 110 seats in the Landtag of Hesse |
| Majority Seats: | 56 |
| Election Date: | 8 October 1978 |
| Turnout: | 3,450,090 (87.7% 2.9pp) |
| Candidate1: | Alfred Dregger |
| Party1: | Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
| Last Election1: | 53 seats, 47.3% |
| Seats1: | 53 |
| Seat Change1: | 0 |
| Popular Vote1: | 1,575,445 |
| Percentage1: | 46.0% |
| Swing1: | 1.3pp |
| Candidate2: | Holger Börner |
| Party2: | Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| Last Election2: | 49 seats, 43.2% |
| Seats2: | 50 |
| Seat Change2: | 1 |
| Popular Vote2: | 1,515,953 |
| Percentage2: | 44.3% |
| Swing2: | 1.1pp |
| Candidate3: | Ekkehard Gries |
| Party3: | Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
| Last Election3: | 8 seats, 7.4% |
| Seats3: | 7 |
| Seat Change3: | 1 |
| Popular Vote3: | 225,044 |
| Percentage3: | 6.6% |
| Swing3: | 0.8pp |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Government | |
| Before Election: | First Börner cabinet |
| Before Party: | SPD–FDP |
| Posttitle: | Government after election |
| After Election: | Second Börner cabinet |
| After Party: | SPD–FDP |
The 1978 Hessian state election was held on 8 October 1978 to elect the 9th Landtag of Hesse. The outgoing government was a coalition of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Holger Börner.
The opposition Christian Democratic Union (CDU) remained the largest party with 46%, but the SPD narrowed the gap with a swing of about one percentage point. The FDP recorded a small decline. Overall, the incumbent coalition retained its majority with a net shift of one seat from the FDP to the SPD, and was renewed for a third term.
The Landtag was elected via mixed-member proportional representation. 55 members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, and 55 then allocated using compensatory proportional representation. A single ballot was used for both. An electoral threshold of 5% of valid votes is applied to the Landtag; parties that fall below this threshold are ineligible to receive seats.
See main article: 1974 Hessian state election. In the previous election held on 27 October 1974, the CDU overtook the SPD to become the largest party in Hesse for the first time on a swing of 7.6 percentage points. Despite losses, the incumbent SPD and FDP coalition narrowly retained its majority and was renewed for a second term. On 3 October 1976, incumbent Minister-President Albert Osswald resigned after a financial scandal involving public bank Helaba and was replaced by Kassel's MdB Holger Börner, and the social-liberal coalition continued.
A hot topic was the city of Lahn in Central Hesse, which had been created by the merger of the cities of Giessen and Wetzlar, that were 15 kilometers apart. Osswald, a former Mayor of Giessen, was a supporter of the new city, which was however unpopular with the public, thus leading to SPD losing some support in the center of the state. Despite Lahn being the creation of his party, Börner announced that he would eliminate Lahn and restore the status quo with Giessen and Wetzlar.[1] [2]
The table below lists parties represented in the 8th Landtag of Hesse.
| Name | Ideology | Lead candidate | 1974 result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||
| bgcolor= | CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | Christian democracy | Alfred Dregger | 47.3% | |||
| bgcolor= | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | Social democracy | Holger Börner | 43.2% | |||
| bgcolor= | FDP | Free Democratic Party | Classical liberalism | Ekkehard Gries | 7.4% | |||