Below are the squads for the 1978 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Argentina.
Head coach: César Luis MenottiNote that this squad is numbered alphabetically by surname, unlike traditional numbering systems where the goalkeeper has shirt number 1 and so forth.
Head coach: Michel Hidalgo
Head coach: Lajos Baróti
Head coach: Enzo Bearzot
Note: With the exception of the goalkeepers, who were assigned the traditional shirt numbers for the role (1, 12 and 22) the Italian team was numbered alphabetically within their respective positions – Defenders (from 2 to 8), Midfielders (from 9 to 15), Wingers (16 and 17) and Forwards (from 18 to 21).
Head coach: José Antonio Roca
Head coach: Jacek Gmoch
Head coach: Abdelmajid Chetali
Head coach: Helmut Schön
Head coach: Helmut Senekowitsch
Head coach: Cláudio Coutinho
Head coach: 
Ladislao Kubala
Head coach: Georg Ericson
Head coach: Heshmat Mohajerani
Head coach: 
Ernst Happel
Jan Jongbloed wore number 8 because some of the players who had been in the Dutch squad at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, where the Netherlands used a purely alphabetical numbering system, were given the same numbers again in 1978. Hugo Hovenkamp withdrew from the squad before the tournament began, but after the deadline for naming replacement players had passed. The Netherlands thus went to the World Cup with only 21 players.
Head coach: Marcos Calderón
Manager: Ally MacLeod
Each national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. All the teams included 3 goalkeepers, except Mexico who only called two.
| Nº | Country | Coaches |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Austria | Ernst Happel (Netherlands), Helmut Senekowitsch |
| Hungary | Lajos Baróti, Ladislao Kubala (Spain) | |
| 1 |  Argentina | César Luis Menotti |
 Brazil | Cláudio Coutinho | |
 France | Michel Hidalgo | |
| Iran | Heshmat Mohajerani | |
 Italy | Enzo Bearzot | |
 Mexico | José Antonio Roca | |
 Peru | Marcos Calderón | |
 Poland | Jacek Gmoch | |
| Scotland | Ally MacLeod | |
 Sweden | Georg Ericson | |
 Tunisia | Abdelmajid Chetali | |
| West Germany | Helmut Schön |