See main article: 1978 Australian Open.
Chris O'Neil defeated Betsy Nagelsen in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–3) to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1978 Australian Open.
Evonne Goolagong was the reigning champion, but she did not compete this year.
The seeded players are listed below. Chris O'Neil is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.