| Country: | Czechoslovakia |
| Flag Year: | 1971 |
| Type: | legislative |
| Previous Election: | 1964 Czechoslovak parliamentary election |
| Previous Year: | 1964 |
| Election Date: | 26–27 November 1971 |
| Next Election: | 1976 Czechoslovak parliamentary election |
| Next Year: | 1976 |
| Seats For Election: | All 200 seats in the House of the People All 150 seats in the House of Nations |
| Image1: | Gustáv Husák - oříznuto.JPG |
| Leader1: | Gustáv Husák |
| Party1: | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
| Alliance1: | National Front |
| Seats After1: | 245 |
| Seat Change1: | 100 |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Lubomír Štrougal |
| Before Party: | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
| After Election: | Lubomír Štrougal |
| After Party: | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 and 27 November 1971.[1] They were the first held after the Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation converted Czechoslovakia into a federal republic, comprising the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic, as well as the first elections in Czechoslovakia held in the aftermath of the Prague Spring.
The National Front, dominated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, put forward a single list of candidates for both houses of the Federal Assembly, the House of the People (the lower house) and the House of Nations (the upper house). A single NF-approved candidate ran in each single member constituency.[2] With a total of 350 seats in the two Houses, 245 were assigned to the Communist Party, 20 to the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, 16 to the Czechoslovak People's Party, four to the Party of Slovak Revival, four to the Freedom Party, and 61 to independents.[1] Voter turnout was reported to be 99.45%.[1]
Like the other elections of the Communist era, the result was a foregone conclusion. People were afraid not to vote, and when they did so, those who entered a voting booth to modify their ballot paper could expect to be persecuted by the state.[3]