| Competition: | Segunda División |
| Season: | 1971–72 |
| Winners: | Oviedo |
| Promoted: | Oviedo Castellón Zaragoza |
| Relegated: | Villarreal Ferrol Xerez Langreo |
| League Topscorer: | Enrique Galán (23 goals) |
| Best Goalkeeper: | Alfredo Lombardía (0.5 goals/match) |
| Biggest Home Win: | (17 October 1971) (31 October 1971) (7 May 1972) |
| Biggest Away Win: | (10 October 1971) |
| Highest Scoring: | (10 October 1971) |
| Matches: | 380 |
| Total Goals: | 801 |
| Prevseason: | 1970–71 |
| Nextseason: | 1972–73 |
The 1971–72 Segunda División season was the 41st since its establishment and was played between 4 September 1971 and 1 June 1972.
20 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1970–71 La Liga and 5 promoted from the 1970–71 Tercera División.
| Goalscorers | Goals | Team |
|---|---|---|
 Enrique Galán | 23 | Oviedo |
| Alfonso Melenchón | 20 | Elche |
| 17 | Zaragoza | |
| Marianín | 17 | Cultural Leonesa |
| Machicha | 17 | Cádiz |
| Goalkeeper | Goals | Matches | Average | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alfredo Lombardía | 19 | 38 | Oviedo | ||
| Pere Valentí Mora | 21 | 38 | Elche | ||
| Manuel Villanova | 19 | 31 | Zaragoza | ||
| Ismael Comas | 20 | 29 | San Andrés | ||
| José del Castillo | 16 | 22 | Tenerife |