1965 Rat Islands earthquake explained

1965 Rat Islands earthquake
Timestamp:	1965-02-04 05:01:22
Isc-Event:	859206
Anss-Url:	iscgem859206
Local-Time:	19:01:22
Damage:	$10,000
Magnitude:	8.7
Depth:	30.30NaN0
Location:	51.29°N 178.55°W
Countries Affected:	United States (Alaska)
Tsunami:	10.7m (35.1feet)

The 1965 Rat Islands earthquake occurred at 05:01 UTC, on 4 February (19:01, 3 February local time). It had a magnitude of 8.7 and triggered a tsunami of over 10 m on Shemya Island,^[1] but caused very little damage.

Tectonic setting

The Rat Islands form part of the Aleutian Islands, a chain of volcanic islands forming an island arc, that results from the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate. This plate boundary, the Aleutian Trench, has been the location of many megathrust earthquakes.

Characteristics

The 1965 Rat Islands earthquake share common features with the 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake and the 1964 Alaska earthquake.^[2]

Earthquake

The earthquake was associated with a 600 km long rupture along the plate boundary, based on the distribution of aftershocks.^[3] The pattern of energy release suggest the presence of three asperities along the plate interface, each causing a pulse of moment release. Modelling of the tsunami supports the idea that the earthquake consisted of three sub-events, related to three structural 'blocks' within the overriding plate.^[4]

The main shock was followed by an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 nearly two months later, that triggered a small tsunami.^[5] This was not an aftershock, but a normal fault event within the outer rise of the subducting plate, triggered by the earlier event.^[6]

Tsunami

The tsunami had a maximum run-up height of 10.7 m on Shemya Island, 2.0 m at Amchitka Island, 1.6 m at Attu Island and 1.1 m in northern Kauai, Hawaii. It was also observed in Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, California, Japan and eastern Russia.^[5]

Damage

Flooding from the tsunami caused $10,000 worth of damage on Amchitka Island.^[1] Minor damage from the earthquake was recorded on both Attu and Shemya islands in the form of cracks in runways.

Notes and References

Web site: Historic Earthquakes Rat Islands, Alaska . USGS . 26 October 2009 . 8 March 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100116161303/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/events/1965_02_04.php . 16 January 2010 .
Wu . Francis T. . Kanamori . Hiroo . Source mechanism of February 4, 1965, Rat Island earthquake . Journal of Geophysical Research . 9 October 1973 . 78 . 26 . 6082–6092 . 10.1029/jb078i026p06082 . 1973JGR....78.6082W .
Beck . Susan L. . Christensen . Douglas H. . Rupture process of the February 4, 1965, Rat Islands Earthquake . Journal of Geophysical Research . 1991 . 96 . B2 . 2205 . 10.1029/90JB02092 . 1991JGR....96.2205B .
Book: 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60275-7 . Heterogeneous Coupling Along Alaska-Aleutians as Inferred from Tsunami, Seismic, and Geodetic Inversions . Tsunamigenic Earthquakes and Their Consequences . Advances in Geophysics . 1998 . Johnson . Jean M. . 39 . 1–116 . 978-0-12-018839-0 . https://books.google.com/books?id=CZVn6MjyAHMC&pg=PA1 .
Web site: NGDC . Search result for 1965 Alaska earthquakes . https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172548/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?bt_0=1965&st_0=1965&type_17=EXACT&query_17=None+Selected&op_12=eq&v_12=&type_12=Or&query_14=AK&type_3=Like&query_3=&st_1=&bt_2=&st_2=&bt_1=&bt_4=&st_4=&bt_5=&st_5=&bt_6=&st_6=&bt_7=&st_7=&bt_8=&st_8=&bt_9=&st_9=&bt_10=&st_10=&type_11=Exact&query_11=&type_16=Exact&query_16=&display_look=1&t=101650&s=1&submit_all=Search+Database . December 30, 2017 . 8 March 2010 . dead.
Abe . Katsuyuki . Lithospheric normal faulting beneath the Aleutian trench . Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors . January 1972 . 5 . 190–198 . 10.1016/0031-9201(72)90091-X . 1972PEPI....5..190A .