1960 Iranian general election explained

Election Name:1960 Iranian legislative election
Flag Image:State flag of Iran (1933–1964).svg
Country:Iran
Type:legislative
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:1956 Iranian legislative election
Previous Year:1956
Next Election:1961 Iranian legislative election
Next Year:1961
Seats For Election:All 200 seats to the National Consultative Assembly
Election Date:30 July[1] / 3[2] –20 August 1960[3]
Leader1:Manouchehr Eghbal
Party1:Party of Nationalists
Seats1:104
Colour1:4169E1
Leader2:Asadollah Alam
Party2:People's Party
Seats2:25≈50
Colour2:FE8002
Leader4:Mozzafar Baghai
Party4:Toilers Party
Alliance4:
Colour4:no
Leader5:Allahyar Saleh
Alliance5:National Front
Colour5:no
Prime Minister
Before Election:Manouchehr Eghbal
Before Party:Party of Nationalists
After Election:Jafar Sharif-Emami
After Party:Independent

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran between 30 July and 20 August 1960.

In order to demonstrate the appearance of a democratic free election, the Shah allowed candidates from the popular National Front to compete,[4] however it returned no seats for them.[5]

The announced result was a massive victory for the Prime Minister Eghbal's Party of Nationalists. The elections "were extensively and clumsily rigged" and the fraud "was exposed in the press, provoked public rancor and restlessness".[6]

Aside from the opposition figures, pseudo-opposition People's Party and a number of independents led by Ali Amini denounced the elections.[6] The results were annulled by the Shah, and fresh elections were held the following year.[1]

Results

Zonis (1971) and Mehrdad (1980)

PartySeats
Party of Nationalists104
People's Party50
Independents3
Source: Zonis[7] and Mehrdad[8]

Chehabi (1990)

PartySeats
Party of Nationalists104
People's Party25
Source: Chehabi

See also

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopedia: ELECTIONS i. UNDER THE QAJAR AND PAHLAVI MONARCHIES, 1906-79. Encyclopædia Iranica. December 13, 2011. December 15, 1998. Bibliotheca Persica Press. New York City. VIII. Azimi . Fakhreddin. Yarshater. Ehsan. Ehsan Yarshater. March 15, 2016. 4. 345–355.
  2. Chronology June 16, 1960–September 15, 1960 . . Autumn 1960 . 14 . 4 . 439 . 4323289.
  3. Book: Dieter. Nohlen. Dieter Nohlen. Florian. Grotz. Christof . Hartmann . 2001. Elections in Asia: A Data Handbook. Iran. I. 68. 0-19-924958-X.
  4. Book: Kristen Blake. The U.S.-Soviet Confrontation in Iran, 1945-1962: A Case in the Annals of the Cold War. University Press of America. 143. 2009. 978-0761844921.
  5. Book: Donald Newton Wilber. Iran, Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic. Princeton University Press. 233. 2014. 978-1400857470.
  6. Book: Houchang E. Chehabi. Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini. I.B.Tauris. 144–146. 1990. 1850431981. After many postponements, balloting finally began in the provinces on July 26, and by August 12, when the last results came in, the prime minister's Melliyun party had obtained 104 seats, and the "opposition" Mardom party won about 25. But two provincial towns had not voted: Kashan, where the IP's leader Allahyar Saleh was running, and Kerman, where Mozaffar Baqa'i was a candidate..
  7. Book: Zonis, Marvin. Political Elite of Iran. Princeton University Press. 71. 1971. 9781400868803. For as the election campaigns wore on, the party candidates took their roles seriously and began unbridled attacks on their opposite numbers. When the election results were announced, then, they were greeted with an uproar of dismay. As if the heated campaign had not been held, the shah-sponsored Prime Minister Eghbal's Melliyun party won 104 seats in the Majles, The Mardom party led by Asadollah Alam captured fifty seats and the independents but three seats.
  8. Mehrdad. Hormoz. 148645507. 1980. Political orientations and the style of intergroup leadership interactions: the case of Iranian political parties. PhD. Ohio State University. osu1487090992443849. 278.