1959 in poetry explained
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events
- March – at a dinner celebrating Robert Frost's 85th birthday, the critic Lionel Trilling gives some brief remarks about Frost's poetry and "permanently changed the way people think about his subject", according to critic Adam Kirsch. Trilling says that Frost had been long viewed as a folksy, unobjectionable poet, "an articulate Bald Eagle" who gave readers comfortable truths in traditional meter and New England dialect in such schoolbook favorites such as "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and "The Road Not Taken"; but was instead was "a terrifying poet" not so much like Longfellow as Sophocles, "who made plain ... the terrible things of human life." Trilling is severely criticized at the time, but his view will become widely accepted in the following decades.[1]
- May 18–24 – Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet Union's head of state, in an extemporaneous speech at the Congress of Soviet Writers, calls for indulgence towards "deviationist" writers. At the same conference, the poet Alexis Surkov again condemns writing "hostile to socialist realism and denounces fellow poet Boris Pasternak as acting in a way that is "treacherous and unworthy of a Soviet writer". A liberalizing trend in the state's treatment of its writers is evident. Surkov, the subject of intense criticism himself, resigns from the congress, and during the year attacks on Pasternak cease.
- November 11 – Release in the United States of the short film Pull My Daisy, written and narrated by Jack Kerouac and starring poets of the Beat Generation Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky and Gregory Corso.
- December 8 – "The Poetry Society" episode of Hancock's Half Hour is broadcast on BBC radio, satirizing artistic pretensions.
- In the United States, "Those serious new Bohemians, the beatniks, occupied with reading their deliberately undisciplined, protesting verse in night clubs and hotel ballrooms, created more publicity than poetry", writes Harrison M. Hayford, a professor of American Literature at Northwestern University. "Meanwhile back on the campus, the 'square' poets were turning more and more to a controlled verse, much of it good enough to survive the pointed charge of academicism." Non-beat, off-campus poets almost routinely displayed "simple competence in the handling of complex forms", he writes in Encyclopædia Britannica's Britannica Book of the Year 1960, which covers 1959.[2]
- Literary critic M. L. Rosenthal coins the term "confessional" as used in Confessional poetry in "Poetry as Confession", an article appearing in the September 19 issue of The Nation. Rosenthal's article reviews the poetry collection Life Studies by Robert Lowell. The review is later collected in Rosenthal's book of selected essays and reviews, Our Life In Poetry, published in 1991[3]
- The chairmanship of The Group, a grouping of British poets, passes to Edward Lucie-Smith this year when Philip Hobsbaum leaves London to study in Sheffield. The meetings continue at his house in Chelsea, and the circle of poets expands to include Fleur Adcock, Taner Baybars, Edwin Brock, and Zulfikar Ghose; others including Nathaniel Tarn circulate poems for comment.
- Carl Sandburg, poet and historian, lectures at the U.S. fair and exposition in Moscow.[2]
- After twenty years, John Crowe Ransom steps down as editor of The Kenyon Review, which he founded.
- The journal Canadian Literature is founded by George Woodcock at the University of British Columbia.
- The British poetry magazine Agenda is founded by William Cookson and Ezra Pound.[4]
- Aldous Huxley turns down the offer of a knighthood.
- In France, the centenary of the death of Marceline Desbordes-Valmore is commemorated.[2]
Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
- A Red Carpet for the Sun,.[2] Governor General's Award 1959.[7]
- Laughter in the Mind[2]
- Jay Macpherson, *A Dry Light & The Dark Air. Toronto: Hawkshead Press.[8]
- Nissim Ezekiel, The Third (Poetry in English), Bombay: Strand Bookshop;[9]
- Keshav Malik, The Lake Surface and Other Poems (Poetry in English), New Delhi: Surge Publications
- K. P. Budhey, Chant and Incense, Nagpur: Kusum Budhey[10]
- Prithwindra N. Mukherjee, A Rose-Bud's Song (Poetry in English), Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram[11]
- P. Lal and K. Raghavendra Rao, editors, Anglo-Indian Poetry, anthology, Delhi: Kavita[12]
- Patricia Beer, The Loss of the Magyar, a first book of poems[2]
- Edwin Bronk, An Attempt at Exorcism, Northwood, Middlesex: Scorpion Press[13]
- George Mackay Brown, Loaves and Fishes[14]
- Robert Graves, Collected Poems, the fourth version[2]
- James Harrison, Catchment Area, a first book of poems [2]
- Geoffrey Hill, For the Unfallen: Poems 1952–1958[15]
- P. J. Kavanagh, For the Unfallen[14]
- Laurence Lerner, Domestic Interior, a first book of poems [2]
- Christopher Logue, Songs[2]
- Louis MacNeice, Eighty-Five Poems[2]
- James Michie, Possible Laughter, a first book of poems [2]
- Spike Milligan, Silly Verse for Kids (including "On the Ning Nang Nong")
- I. A. Richards, Goodbye Earth, a first book of poems by a longtime critic[2]
- Anne Ridler, A Matter of Life and Death[2]
- Rex Taylor, Poems, a first book of poems[2]
- Vernon Watkins, Cypress and Acacia[14]
Anthologies in the United Kingdom
- W. H. Auden, Selected Poetry[16]
- Joseph Payne Brennan, The Dark Returners (collects a handful of poems as filler to the short fiction)
- Hayden Carruth, the Crow and the Heart, New York: Macmillan[13]
- Louis O. Coxe, The Wilderness, and Other Poems[2]
- Babette Deutsch, Coming of Age[16]
- Robert Duncan, Selected Poems, San Francisco: City Lights Books[13]
- William Everson (also known as "Brother Antoninus"), The Crooked Lines of God, University of Detroit Press[13]
- John Fandel, Testament, and Other Poems[2]
- Jean Garrigue, A Water Walk by Villa d'Este[16]
- Barbara Gibbs, The Green Chapel[2]
- Allen Ginsberg, Kaddish, written about his mentally-ill mother
- Ramon Guthrie, graffiti, New York: Macmillan[13]
- Donald Hall, Dark Houses[2]
- Edwin Honig, The Gazebos: Forty-One Poems, Clarke & Way[15]
- Barbara Howes, Light and Dark[2]
- Langston Hughes, Selected Poems[2]
- Jack Kerouac, Mexico City Blues[16]
- Kenneth Koch, Ko, or a Season on Earth[16]
- Denise Levertov, With Eyes at the Back of Our Heads, New York: New Directions[13]
- Robert Lowell, Life Studies, a book on his family and on his own life[2] that reflected stylistic changes that seemed more in line with the popular openness of Beat and Confessional poetry
- James Merrill, The Country of a Thousand Years of Peace, and Other Poems[2]
- W. S. Merwin, translation, The Poem of the Cid, London: Dent (American edition, 1962, New York: New American Library)[17]
- Marianne Moore, O to Be a Dragon[2]
- Vladimir Nabokov, Poems[16]
- Ogden Nash, Verses from 1929 On[16]
- Ned O'Gorman, The Night of the Hammer[2]
- Hyam Plutzik, Apples From Shinar[2]
- Ezra Pound, Thrones: 96–109 de los cantares[16]
- Charles Reznikoff, Inscriptions: 1944-1956, self-published
- Theodore Roethke, Words for the Wind[2]
- Delmore Schwartz, Summer Knowledge: New and Selected Poems 1938-1958, Garden City, New York: Doubleday[13]
- Louis Simpson, A Dream of Governors, Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press[13]
- W. D. Snodgrass, Heart's Needle[16]
- Gary Snyder, Riprap[16]
- Ruth Stone, In an Iridescent Time, New York, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company
- May Swenson, A Cage of Spines[2]
- David Wagoner, A Place to Stand[2]
- Reed Whittemore, The Self-Made Man
- Richard Wilbur, Advice to a Prophet and Other Poems, New York: Reynal and Hitchcock[13]
- James Wright, Saint Judas, Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press[2] [13]
- Louis Zukofsky, A 1–12, published by Cid Corman's Origin Press
Criticism, scholarship and biography in the United States
Other in English
- Frank Collymore, Collected Poems, Barbados[18]
- M. K. Joseph, The Living Countries, New Zealand[19]
- E. H. McCormick, New Zealand Literature, a Survey, acholarship, New Zealand[20]
- Chris Wallace-Crabbe, The Music of Division, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, Australia
Works published in other languages
Listed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
French language
- Louis Aragon, Elsa[21]
- Yves Bonnefoy, L'Improbable[22]
- Aimé Césaire, Ferrements, Martinique poet published in France[23]
- Edmond Jabès, Je batis ma demeure, poemès 1943–1957[21]
- Michel Deguy, Meurtrières[23]
- Patrice de La Tour du Pin, Le Second Jeu[23]
- Henri Michaux, Paix dans les brisements, about his experiences taking mescaline[21]
- Saint-John Perse, Chronique, Marseilles: Cahiers du Sud[24]
- Boris Vian, Je voudrais crever[23]
Anthologies in France
- Roger Caillois and Jean Clarence Lambert, editors, French: Trésor de la poésie universelle[2]
- Max Pol Fouchet, French: De L'Amour au voyage, anthologie thématique de la poésie française[2]
- Paul Valéry wrote the preface to the new edition this year of French: Anthologie des poètes de la N. R. F.[2]
Les poèmes de l'année 1959
Alain Bosquet and Pierre Seghers, editors, Les poèmes de l'année 1959, with poems by:[25]
Criticism, scholarship and biography in France
- French: Correspondance de [[Stéphane Mallarmé]] (1862–1871)[2]
- Maurice Beaulieu, Il fait clair de glaise[2]
- Olivier Marchand, Crier que je vis[2]
- Fernand Ouellet, Séquences de l'Aile[2]
Criticism, scholarship and biography in French Canada
- Editor not known, La Poésie et nous, a collection of essays on poetry[2]
- L. Ben-Amitai, Ahaliba[2]
- Leah Goldberg, Mukdam Umeuhar ("Early and Late")[2]
- Abraham Halfi, ka-Almonin ba-Geshem ("As the Unknown in the Rain")[2]
- Yeshurun Keshet, Hayim Genuzim ("Hidden Life")[2]
- Shimshon Meltzer, Or Zorua, ("Scattered Light")[2]
- Yonathan Ratush, Zela[2]
- Zalmen Shneur, a 10-volume collection of his poems[2]
United States
- M. S. Ben-Meir, Zel Utzlil ("Shadow and Sound"), posthumous[2]
- A. S. Schwartz, Shirim ("Poems"), posthumous[2]
Listed in alphabetical order by first name:
- Agyeya (pen name of Sachchidananda Vatsyayan), editor, Teesra Saptak, an anthology of seven poets, including Kunwar Narain), Bhratiya Jnanpith, ; Hindi-language[26]
- Harumal Isardas Sadarangani, Ruba'ivun; Sindhi-language[27]
- M. Gopalakrishna Adiga, Bhumigita; Kannada-language[27]
Anthologies in Italy
- Editor not known, Nuovi poeti, an anthology of Italian poetry since 1945[2]
- Salvatore Quasimodo, editor, Poesia italiana del dopoguerra, an anthology of Italian poetry since 1945[2]
Spanish language
Anthologies in Latin America
- P. Félix Restrepo, prologue and epilogue, Poemas de Colombia, published by the Colombian Academy, with biographical notes by Carlos López Narváez[2]
- Antonio de Undurraga, editor, Atlas de la poesía de Chile, including poetry from Guillermo Blest Gana and Luis Merino Reyes[2]
Criticism, scholarship and biography in Latin America
- Raúl Leiva, Imagen de la poesía mexicana contemporánea, concerning 29 poets
- B. Y. Bialostotsky, a book of poetry[2]
- M. Daych, a book of poetry[2]
- E. Korman, a book of poetry[2]
- H. Leyvik, Lider tsum eybikn ("Songs to the Eternal")[2]
- Efrayim Oyerbakh, a book of poetry[2]
- Y. Tsvi Shargel, a book of poetry[2]
Other
Awards and honors
Francis Cornford
Theodore Roethke, Words for the Wind
Stanley Kunitz, Selected Poems 1928-1958
Theodore Roethke
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets
Louise Bogan
Other
Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- January 3 – Edwin Muir, 72 (born 1887), Scottish poet, novelist and translator
- February 20 – Zalman Shneur, 72, Hebrew-Yiddish poet and author[2]
- February 23 – Luis Palés Matos, Puerto Rican poet, of a heart attack
- April 4 – Sarah Cleghorn, American reformer and poet, 83
- April 8 – Kyoshi Takahama 高浜 虚子, pen name of Kiyoshi Takahama (born 1874), Japanese, Shōwa period poet; close disciple of Masaoka Shiki
- June 2 – Orelia Key Bell, 95, American poet
- June 9 – Ryuko Kawaji 川路柳虹, pen-name of Kawaki Makoto (born 1888), Japanese, Shōwa period poet and literary critic
- June 23 – Boris Vian, 39, French writer, poet, singer and musician
- July 6 – George Grosz (born 1893), German artist and poet, died from falling down a flight of stairs after a night drinking
- August 5 – Edgar Guest, 79, American poet known as the "poet of the people"
- August 21 – Denis Devlin (born 1908) Irish modernist poet and career diplomat
- September 16 – Roger-Arnould Rivière, 29, French poet, suicide
- September 18 – Benjamin Péret, 60, French poet and Surrealist
- September 27 – Herman Wildenvey, 74, Norwegian poet
- December 27 – Alfonso Reyes, 70, Mexican poet[2] and writer
See also
Notes and References
- http://www.nysun.com/pf.php?id=48424
- Britannica Book of the Year 1960, covering events of 1959, published by the Encyclopædia Britannica, 1960; including these articles: "American Literature", "Canadian Literature", English Literature", "French Literature", "German Literature", "Jewish Literature", "Italian Literature", "Latin American Literature", "Obituaries", "Spanish Literature" and "Soviet Literature"
- Rosenthal, Our Life in Poetry pages 109 – 112
- https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/agenda-the-long-and-the-short-of-excellence-in-poetry-815709.html "'Agenda': the long and the short of excellence in poetry"
- Preminger, Alex and T.V.F. Brogan, et al., editors, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "Canadian Poetry" article, English "Anthologies" section, p 164
- "Robert Finch," Online Guide to Writing in Canada. Web, Mar. 17, 2011.
- Gnarowsky, Michael, "Poetry in English, 1918-1960", article in The Canadian Encyclopedia, retrieved February 8, 2009
- "Jay Macpherson, 1931-", Canadian Women Poets," BrockU.ca, Web, Apr. 10, 2011
- Naik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984,,), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009
- Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 323, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint),, retrieved August 10, 2010
- Vinayak Krishna Gokak, The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828-1965), p 325, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint),, retrieved August 10, 2010
- Lal, P., Modern Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology & a Credo, p 8, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, second edition, 1971 (however, on page 597 an "editor's note" states contents "on the following pages are a supplement to the first edition" and is dated "1972")
- [M. L. Rosenthal]
- Cox, Michael, editor, The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature, Oxford University Press, 2004,
- [Richard Ellmann]
- Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." - from the Preface, p vi)
- Web page titled "W. S. Merwin (1927-)" at the Poetry Foundation Web site, retrieved June 8, 2010
- https://books.google.com/books?id=-jzJb96uTdQC&dq=Timeline+poetry&pg=PR17 "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry"
- http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/L/LiteraturePoetry/TheContemporaryScene/en Web page titled "The Contemporary Scene"
- Preminger, Alex and T.V.F. Brogan, et al., editors, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "New Zealand Poetry" article, "History and Criticism" section, p 837
- Auster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982
- Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications
- Bree, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983
- Web page titled "Saint-John Perse: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960: Bibliography"at the Nobel Prize Website, retrieved July 20, 2009. 2009-07-24.
- https://books.google.com/books?id=0qgqw-5K23wC&q=French+poetry+chronology French Twentieth Bibliography: Critical and Biographical References for French Literature Since 1885
- Web page titled "Kunwar Narain" at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 12, 2010
- Das, Sisir Kumar and various, History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2, 1995, published by Sahitya Akademi,, retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
- http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E22B9A3C-5906-41B8-B39C-F91F58B3FD70/0/cumulativewinners2010rev.pdf "Cumulative List of Winners of the Governor General's Literary Awards
