| Election Name: | 1956 Montana gubernatorial election |
| Country: | Montana |
| Flag Year: | 1905 |
| Type: | presidential |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 1952 Montana gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1952 |
| Next Election: | 1960 Montana gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1960 |
| Election Date: | November 6, 1956 |
| Image1: | File:J. Hugo Aronson.jpg |
| Nominee1: | J. Hugo Aronson |
| Party1: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 138,878 |
| Percentage1: | 51.37% |
| Nominee2: | Arnold Olsen |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 131,488 |
| Percentage2: | 48.63% |
| Map Size: | 300px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | J. Hugo Aronson |
| Before Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| After Election: | J. Hugo Aronson |
| After Party: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Turnout: | 83.20%2.50[1] |
The 1956 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent governor of Montana J. Hugo Aronson, who was first elected Governor in 1952, ran for re-election. He was unopposed in the Republican primary and advanced to the general election, where he faced Arnold Olsen, the Attorney General of Montana and the Democratic nominee. Despite the fact that then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower won the state in a landslide that year in the presidential election, Aronson only narrowly defeated Arnold to win his second and final term as governor.