| Competition: | Segunda División |
| Season: | 1956–57 |
| Winners: | Real Gijón Granada |
| Promoted: | Real Gijón Granada |
| Relegated: | Logroñés Mestalla Baracaldo Algeciras Burgos Puente Genil Lérida Castellón |
| League Topscorer: | Ricardo Alós (45 goals) |
| Best Goalkeeper: | Manuel Sión (0.64 goals/match) |
| Biggest Home Win: | (13 January 1957) |
| Biggest Away Win: | (11 November 1956) |
| Highest Scoring: | (28 October 1956) (4 November 1956) (13 January 1957) (30 May 1957) |
| Matches: | 760 |
| Total Goals: | 2521 |
| Prevseason: | 1955–56 |
| Nextseason: | 1957–58 |
The 1956–57 Segunda División season was the 26th since its establishment and was played between 8 September 1956 and 16 June 1957.
40 teams joined the league, including 4 relegated from the 1955–56 La Liga and 11 promoted from the 1955–56 Tercera División.
| Goalscorers | Goals | Team |
|---|---|---|
 Ricardo Alós | 45 | Real Gijón |
| Francisco Doval | 27 | Avilés |
| 22 | Sabadell | |
| José Luis Piquín | 18 | Sabadell |
| Lolo Gómez | 18 | Real Santander |
| Goalkeeper | Goals | Matches | Average | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel Sión | 23 | 36 | Real Gijón | ||
| Juan Parcet | 20 | 23 | Sabadell | ||
| Pita | 26 | 26 | Rayo Vallecano | ||
| José María Cobo | 36 | 32 | Indauchu | ||
| Isidro Acosta | 30 | 24 | Girona |
| Goalscorers | Goals | Team |
|---|---|---|
| Juan Araujo | 28 | Córdoba |
| Antonio Pedrero | 25 | Tenerife |
| 21 | Granada | |
| Rafael Queralt | 19 | Alicante |
| Sebastián Fustero | 17 | Eldense |
| Goalkeeper | Goals | Matches | Average | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dionisio del Río | 44 | 38 | Málaga | ||
| Juan García | 48 | 38 | Murcia | ||
| Cuco | 31 | 24 | Tenerife | ||
| José Campillo | 47 | 36 | Hércules | ||
| Eugenio Ruiz | 42 | 32 | Real Betis |