| Election Name: | 1955 Mississippi Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff |
| Country: | Mississippi |
| Flag Image: | Flag of Mississippi (1894-1996).svg |
| Type: | presidential |
| Previous Election: | 1951 Mississippi gubernatorial election |
| Previous Year: | 1951 |
| Next Election: | 1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election |
| Next Year: | 1959 |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Election Date: | November 8, 1955 |
| Image1: | J. P. Coleman, Mississippi Attorney General.jpg |
| Nominee1: | James P. Coleman |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 233,237 |
| Percentage1: | 55.64% |
| Nominee2: | Paul B. Johnson Jr. |
| Party2: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 185,924 |
| Percentage2: | 44.36% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Governor | |
| Before Election: | Hugh L. White |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | James P. Coleman |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
The 1955 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1955, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Hugh L. White was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election, so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election. This election was the first Mississippi gubernatorial election since 1931 that the winner of the gubernatorial election was of a different party than the incumbent president.
No candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured five contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by Attorney General James P. Coleman, who defeated lawyer Paul B. Johnson Jr., son of former Governor Paul B. Johnson Sr.
In the general election, Coleman ran unopposed.