| Competition: | Serie A |
| Season: | 1955–56 |
| Winners: | Fiorentina 1st title |
| Relegated: | Novara Pro Patria |
| Continentalcup1: | European Cup |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Fiorentina |
| League Topscorer: | Gino Pivatelli (29 goals) |
| Matches: | 306 |
| Total Goals: | 838 |
| Prevseason: | 1954–55 |
| Nextseason: | 1956–57 |
The 1955–56 Serie A season was won by Fiorentina.
Vicenza and Padova had been promoted from Serie B.
| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Gino Pivatelli | Bologna | 29 |
| 2 |  Gunnar Nordahl | Milan | 23 |
| 3 | Giuseppe Virgili | Fiorentina | 20 |
| 4 | Adriano Bassetto | Atalanta | 18 |
| 5 | Eddie Firmani | Sampdoria | 17 |
| 6 |  Luís Vinício | Napoli | 16 |
| Juan Alberto Schiaffino | Milan | ||
| 8 | Attilio Frizzi | Genoa | 14 |
| 9 |  Miguel Montuori | Fiorentina | 13 |
| Mario Tortul | Sampdoria | ||
| 11 | Dino da Costa | Roma | 12 |
| Lorenzo Bettini | Lazio | ||
| Amedeo Bonistalli | Padova | ||
| 14 | Lennart Skoglund | Internazionale | 11 |
| Riccardo Carapellese | Genoa | ||
| Giorgio Dal Monte | Milan | ||
| Ezio Pascutti | Bologna |