| Competition: | Prva savezna liga |
| Season: | 1955 - 56 |
| Winners: | Red Star (3rd title) |
| Relegated: | Željezničar Proleter Osijek |
| Continentalcup1: | European Cup |
| Continentalcup1 Qualifiers: | Red Star |
| League Topscorer: | Muhamed Mujić Tihomir Ognjanov Todor Veselinović (21 goals each) |
| Prevseason: | 1954–55 |
| Nextseason: | 1956–57 |
The 1955–56 Yugoslav First League season was the tenth season of the First Federal League (Serbian: Prva savezna liga, Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Fourteen teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their third title.
At the end of the previous season Lokomotiva and Vardar were relegated from top level. They were replaced by Velež and Budućnost Titograd.
Champions:
players (league matches/league goals):